NEET Biology Evolution MCQs Set 18

Answer: (c) Darwin

Explanation:
1. The theory of Pangenesis was given by Darwin.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Darwin

Teacher's Note:
1. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.
2. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.

Answer: (b) human beings

Explanation:
1. Homo sapiens is the scientific name of modern humans.
2. So it implies human beings (the species to which all living humans belong).
3. Hence option (b) is correct: human beings

Teacher's Note:
1. Homo sapiens imply human beings.
2. Humans belong to an order of mammals called primates and placed in the family hominidae.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Explanation:
1. We have lost all the direct evidences of origin of life only due to destruction of fossils on account of climatic changes and not due to any person/(s).
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.
2. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Ginkgo biloba, belong to the Ginkgoales evolved during the Jurassic period and is still existing without any morphological or anatomical changes.
2. Hence, both assertion and reason are correct.
3. Hence option (a) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.
2. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. The banding pattern seen on stained chromosomes from humans and chimpanzee show striking similarities which indicates that they have evolutionary relationships (cytogenetic evidence).
2. Hence option (a) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.
2. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.

Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Comparative biochemistry provides a strong evidence for common ancestors of living beings (e.g. proteins lymph, enzymes, hormones, blood groups etc.).
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.
2. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Darwin finches found on Galapagos islands differ primarily in body size, feather colour, bill shape as adaptation to type of food available.
2. It is a type of divergent evolution.
3. Hence option (a) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.
2. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.

Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were heterotrophic because of reducing atmosphere and the first autotrophs were chemoautotrophs.
2. An anaerobic organism does not require oxygen for growth and may even die in its presence.
3. Hence option (b) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chemotrophs are the first organisms that appeared on earth & obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donating molecules in their environments.
2. These molecules can be organic (organotrophs) or inorganic (lithotrophs).

Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. The fossil of Java Ape-man was discovered from pleistocene rocks in central Java.
2. The fossil of Peking man was discovered from the lime stone caves of Choukoution near Peking while that of Heidelberg man was discovered in mid pleistocene.
3. Hence option (b) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. All these three fossils come under the category of Homo erectus.
2. Homo erectus appeared about 1.7 million years ago in the middle pleistocene.

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. The Darwin's theory of Natural Selection can be generalised as the change in species by the survival of an organism exhibiting a natural variation that gives it an adaptive advantage in an environment.
2. Thus, leading to a new environmental equilibrium.
3. Hence option (a) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. The idea of the survival of the fittest explains the above evolution by natural selection.
2. According to survival of the fittest, some of the variations exhibited by living things make it easier for them to survive and reproduce.

Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Organic compounds that first evolved in earth which required for origin of life were protein and nucleic acid.
2. All life forms were in aquatic environment only.
3. Hence option (b) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Evolution questions combine evidences, theories and human evolution, so keep one line of facts for each.
2. Memorise names of scientists with their contribution.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Explanation:
1. Coacervates are colloidal droplets of organic molecules and are believed to be precursors of life, so the Assertion is true.
2. They were not self-duplicating and had no lipid outer membrane, so the Reason is false.
3. Hence option (c) is correct: Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. Coacervates are large colloidal aggregates formed due to intermolecular attraction from large organic molecules synthesized abiotically on primitive earth.
2. It mainly consists of proteins, polysaccharides and water.

Answer: (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Explanation:
1. The tail-forming genes were not lost, they are only suppressed, so the Assertion is false.
2. The theory of continuity of germplasm was given by Weismann, not Lamarck, so the Reason is false.
3. Hence option (d) is correct: Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Teacher's Note:
1. According to Lamarck’s theory, continuous disuse of organs makes them weak.
2. The theory of continuity of germplasm was given by Weismann.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Explanation:
1. The primitive atmosphere was reducing, with no free oxygen, so the Assertion is true.
2. Ozone formed only later, after oxygen from photosynthesis accumulated, so the Reason is false.
3. Hence option (c) is correct: Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. The lightest atoms of nitrogen, carbon etc. formed the primitive atmosphere.
2. Hydrogen atoms were most numerous and most reactive in primitive atmosphere.