NEET Biology Evolution MCQs Set 15

Answer: (a) von Baer

Explanation:
1. Karl Ernst von Baer proposed the basic principles of embryonic development (von Baer's laws).

Teacher's Note:
1. Haeckel proposed the biogenetic law.
2. Embryology principles belong to von Baer.

Answer: (c) Palaeozoic  Mesozoic  Coenozoic

Explanation:
1. The correct order of geological eras from the oldest to the youngest is Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Coenozoic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Archaeozoic is older than all of them.
2. Eras follow Paleo, Meso, Ceno.

Answer: (a) common set of characters in group of different ancestry

Explanation:
1. Evolutionary convergence is the development of a common set of characters in groups of different ancestry, living in similar environments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Divergence means different characters in related groups.
2. Convergence means unrelated and similar.

Answer: (c) pectoral fins of fish and fore limbs of horse

Explanation:
1. Homologous organs have the same origin but may have different functions, as in the pectoral fins of fish and the forelimbs of a horse.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wings of insects and bat are analogous.
2. Same origin means homology.

Answer: (c) Eohippus

Explanation:
1. Eohippus is the earliest known fossil of the horse lineage.

Teacher's Note:
1. Equus is the modern horse.
2. Eohippus is the dawn horse.

Answer: (b) Palaearctic and Oriental

Explanation:
1. The Himalayas separate the Palaearctic region from the Oriental region.

Teacher's Note:
1. Geographic barriers separate fauna.
2. High mountains act as a barrier.

Answer: (a) Mesozoic

Explanation:
1. The Mesozoic era is the golden age of dinosaurs (the age of reptiles).

Teacher's Note:
1. The Coenozoic is the age of mammals.
2. Mesozoic means reptiles.

Answer: (b) recapitulation

Explanation:
1. The presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates supports Haeckel's recapitulation theory and shows common ancestry.

Teacher's Note:
1. Land vertebrates lose the gill slits later.
2. Embryos show ancestry.

Answer: (a) Euglena

Explanation:
1. Euglena has both chlorophyll (plant-like) and a flagellum (animal-like), so it is a link between plants and animals.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a protist.
2. Euglena links the two kingdoms.

Answer: (b) origin

Explanation:
1. Homologous organs show similarity in origin and basic structure, whatever their functions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Analogous organs show similarity in function.
2. Homology means origin.

Answer: (c) Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, ear muscles

Explanation:
1. The coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix and ear muscles are all vestigial structures in man.

Teacher's Note:
1. Body hair and mammary glands are functional.
2. Vestigial means reduced and non-functional.

Answer: (a) Pectoral fins of a fish and forelimbs of a horse

Explanation:
1. The pectoral fins of a fish and the forelimbs of a horse have the same origin, so they are homologous. The others are analogous.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wings of a bat and a cockroach are analogous.
2. Check the origin.

Answer: (a) Biogeography

Explanation:
1. Darwin's finches on the Galapagos islands provide evidence from biogeography (distribution of organisms).

Teacher's Note:
1. They show adaptive radiation.
2. Island distribution is biogeography.

Answer: (b) Fingernails

Explanation:
1. Fingernails are functional, so they are not vestigial. Segmental muscles of the abdomen, the third molar and the coccyx are vestigial.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vestigial organs are reduced.
2. Nails help in scratching and grasping.

Answer: (b) 5730 yr

Explanation:
1. The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years, which is used for dating fossils up to about 50,000 years.

Teacher's Note:
1. Uranium-lead is used for older rocks.
2. C-14 half-life is 5730 years.

Answer: (c) Africa

Explanation:
1. The fossil evidence shows that the origin and evolution of man started in Africa.

Teacher's Note:
1. Early hominid fossils were found in East Africa.
2. The cradle of humans is Africa.

Answer: (b) Wings of birds (sparrow) and pectoral fins of fish

Explanation:
1. The wings of a bird and the pectoral fins of a fish are modified forelimbs with the same basic structure, so they are homologous.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wings of locusts have a different origin.
2. Both have the same bone plan.

Answer: (b) Mesozoic era

Explanation:
1. Reptiles dominated the Mesozoic era.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dinosaurs ruled for about 150 million years.
2. Mesozoic is the age of reptiles.

Answer: (a) dogfish and whale

Explanation:
1. Dogfish (a fish) and the whale (a mammal) have similar body shapes due to the same environment but different ancestry, which is convergent evolution.

Teacher's Note:
1. They have different origins.
2. Streamlined body shapes evolved twice.

Answer: (d) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors

Explanation:
1. The presence of gills in a tadpole indicates that frogs evolved from gilled (aquatic) ancestors.

Teacher's Note:
1. It supports recapitulation.
2. Larval stages show ancestry.

Answer: (d) homologous and vestigial organs

Explanation:
1. Homologous organs and vestigial organs are important anatomical evidences of organic evolution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Analogous organs do not show common ancestry.
2. Homology and vestiges show ancestry.

Answer: (d) Phylogeny

Explanation:
1. The evolutionary history of an organism or group is called phylogeny. Ontogeny is the development of an individual.

Teacher's Note:
1. Phylogeny means race history.
2. Phylo means tribe.