NEET Biology Environmental Issues MCQs Set 18

Answer: (b) UV-B

Explanation:
1. Snow blindness caused by UV-B.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: UV-B

Teacher's Note:
1. UV-B damages the cornea and causes snow blindness.
2. High UV exposure in snow areas makes this worse.

Answer: (b) Arsenic

Explanation:
1. Black foot disease is due to Arsenic.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Arsenic

Teacher's Note:
1. Chronic arsenic poisoning causes black foot disease.
2. Mercury causes Minamata disease.

Answer: (c) Pheophytization

Explanation:
1. NOx does not contribute to pheophytization.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Pheophytization

Teacher's Note:
1. Pheophytisation (chlorophyll turning to phaeophytin) is caused by SO2 in acid rain.
2. NOx forms acid rain, photochemical smog and secondary pollutants.

Answer: (a) Only (a) and (b) are correct

Explanation:
1. Acid rain causes necrosis and converts chlorophylls into phaeophytin.
2. Hence option (a) is correct: Only (a) and (b) are correct

Teacher's Note:
1. Acid rain causes necrosis and converts chlorophyll a into phaeophytin.
2. PAN is produced in photochemical smog and not directly by acid rain.

Answer: (c) Increased growth of green algae

Explanation:
1. Acid rain in pond decreased the growth of green algae.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Increased growth of green algae

Teacher's Note:
1. Acid rain lowers the growth of green algae in ponds, so increased green algae is not an effect.
2. Insects decrease and fungi may grow.

Answer: (c) Bulk of the waste is biodegradable

Explanation:
1. e-wastes is non-biodegradable.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Bulk of the waste is biodegradable

Teacher's Note:
1. E-waste is non-biodegradable.
2. It is recycled to recover metals such as copper, iron and gold.

Answer: (c) Are buried in land fills or incinerated

Explanation:
1. The e-wastes are buried in land fills or incinerated for recycling.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Are buried in land fills or incinerated

Teacher's Note:
1. E-waste is either buried in landfills or incinerated.
2. It does not represent ordinary municipal solid waste.

Answer: (d) a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)

Explanation:
1. Pyrolysis is a method of disposing of hospital waste (iv), carbon monoxide causes asphyxia and giddiness (iii), blue baby syndrome is methaemoglobinaemia (i) and black foot disease results from chronic arsenic exposure (ii).
2. Hence option (d) is correct: a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)

Teacher's Note:
1. Pyrolysis is a way of disposing hospital waste.
2. Carbon monoxide causes asphyxia, nitrate causes blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinaemia) and arsenic causes black foot disease.

Answer: (d) Mortality of fish due to lack of oxygen

Explanation:
1. Micro-organisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter consume oxygen as a result there is a sharp decline in oxygen causing mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures.
2. Hence option (d) is correct: Mortality of fish due to lack of oxygen

Teacher's Note:
1. Organic waste in a lake raises microbial BOD and uses up oxygen.
2. Fish then die from lack of oxygen.

Answer: (a) Death of fish due to lack of oxygen

Explanation:
1. A river with an inflow of domestic sewage rich in organic waste will reduce the dissolved oxygen (DO) and may result in death of fish due to lack of oxygen.
2. Hence option (a) is correct: Death of fish due to lack of oxygen

Teacher's Note:
1. Sewage in a river is decomposed by aerobic microbes that use up dissolved oxygen.
2. The fall in oxygen kills fish.

Answer: (d) 1980s

Explanation:
1. Joint Forest Management Concept was introduced in India during 1980s by the Government of India to work closely with the local communities for protecting and managing forests.
2. Hence option (d) is correct: 1980s

Teacher's Note:
1. Joint Forest Management was started in India in the 1980s.
2. It involves local communities in protecting and managing forests.

Answer: (c) Doha

Explanation:
1. The United Nations Climate change conferences are yearly conferences and are known as Conference of the Parties(COP). In 2012 it was held in Doha, Qatar.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Doha

Teacher's Note:
1. Climate change COP meetings are yearly.
2. COP-18 in 2012 was at Doha, Qatar.

Answer: (c) South Africa

Explanation:
1. The UN Conference of Parties on climate change in the year 2011 was held in Durban, South Africa.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: South Africa

Teacher's Note:
1. COP-17 in 2011 was held at Durban, South Africa.
2. Poland and Peru hosted other years.

Answer: (d) CoP - 3

Explanation:
1. Kyoto Protocol was endorsed at CoP-3.
2. Hence option (d) is correct: CoP - 3

Teacher's Note:
1. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at COP-3 in 1997.
2. It sets targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: (d) Ozone in upper part of atmosphere is harmful to animals

Explanation:
1. Ozone in upper part of atmosphere is called good ozone and it acts as a shield, absorbing UV radiation from sun.
2. Hence option (d) is correct: Ozone in upper part of atmosphere is harmful to animals

Teacher's Note:
1. Stratospheric ozone is useful because it shields life from UV.
2. Tropospheric ozone is the harmful one.

Answer: (b) Many of the birds eggs laid, did not hatch

Explanation:
1. Birds eggs are laid, but they did not hatch due to interference of DDT with calcium metabolism. This causes thin egg shells which breaks before hatching.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Many of the birds eggs laid, did not hatch

Teacher's Note:
1. DDT disturbs calcium metabolism of birds, so egg shells become thin and break or fail to hatch.
2. This reduced the numbers of birds.

Answer: (a) CO₂ and N₂O

Explanation:
1. Hence option (a) is correct: CO₂ and N₂O

Teacher's Note:
1. CO2 and N2O are major greenhouse gases.
2. CO and SO2 are pollutants but not important greenhouse gases.

Answer: (a) Stratosphere

Explanation:
1. Good ozone is found in stratosphere.
2. Hence option (a) is correct: Stratosphere

Teacher's Note:
1. Good ozone is in the stratosphere.
2. Bad ozone is in the troposphere.

Answer: (c) Fresh water lakes

Explanation:
1. Eutrophication is often seen in fresh water lakes.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Fresh water lakes

Teacher's Note:
1. Eutrophication is enrichment of fresh water lakes with nutrients.
2. It leads to algal bloom.

Answer: (b) CO₂ and CH₄

Explanation:
1. Hence option (b) is correct: CO₂ and CH₄

Teacher's Note:
1. CO2 (about 60 percent) and methane (about 20 percent) contribute most to greenhouse gases.
2. CFCs and N2O contribute less.

Answer: (c) A particular pollutant

Explanation:
1. dB (decibel) is unit for measurement of quantitative expression of a noise pollutant.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: A particular pollutant

Teacher's Note:
1. dB (decibel) is the unit of sound level, so it expresses noise pollution.
2. It is not related to pesticides or bacteria.

Answer: (a) The Montreal Protocol

Explanation:
1. Hence option (a) is correct: The Montreal Protocol

Teacher's Note:
1. The Montreal Protocol (1987) controls ozone-depleting substances.
2. The Kyoto Protocol deals with greenhouse gases.

Answer: (d) Reduction of ozone depleting substances

Explanation:
1. Montreal Protocol aims at reduction of ozone depleting substances.
2. Hence option (d) is correct: Reduction of ozone depleting substances

Teacher's Note:
1. The Montreal Protocol aims to reduce ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs.
2. It is not about biodiversity or water.