NEET Biology Environmental Issues MCQs Set 10

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Environmental Issues

Explore reliable objective questions for Environmental Issues tailored for NEET learners. Utilizing these Biology multiple-choice formats ensures thorough preparation and strengthens problem-solving speed for upcoming school assessments.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Particulate matter that causes the greatest harm to human health is of size
(a) 10 micrometres or more
(b) 2.5 micrometres or less
(c) 100 micrometres
(d) 50 micrometres
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2.5 micrometres or less

Explanation:
1. PM 2.5 enters deep into the lungs and causes respiratory problems.

Teacher's Note:
1. The smaller the particle, the deeper it goes into the lungs.

Question 2: Noise was included as an air pollutant in India by an amendment of the Air Act in
(a) 1974
(b) 1981
(c) 1986
(d) 1987
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1987

Explanation:
1. The Air Act came into force in 1981 and was amended in 1987 to include noise.

Teacher's Note:
1. Do not confuse with the Water Act of 1974 or the Environment Protection Act of 1986.

Question 3: Carbon monoxide is harmful because it
(a) combines with haemoglobin and blocks transport of oxygen
(b) destroys chlorophyll
(c) causes acid rain
(d) produces ozone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) combines with haemoglobin and blocks transport of oxygen

Explanation:
1. CO forms carboxyhaemoglobin, which cannot carry oxygen, leading to asphyxiation.

Teacher's Note:
1. CO binds to haemoglobin about 200 times more strongly than oxygen.

Question 4: Lichens do not grow in areas polluted with
(a) carbon monoxide
(b) sulphur dioxide
(c) carbon dioxide
(d) nitrogen
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) sulphur dioxide

Explanation:
1. SO2 destroys chlorophyll, so lichens are used as indicators of sulphur dioxide pollution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lichens near a city show that the air is relatively clean.

Question 5: PAN, formed in photochemical smog, is
(a) peroxyacyl nitrate
(b) phosphoamine nitrate
(c) poly aromatic nitrile
(d) para amino nitrate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) peroxyacyl nitrate

Explanation:
1. PAN stands for peroxyacetyl (peroxyacyl) nitrate, a secondary pollutant that irritates eyes and harms plants.

Teacher's Note:
1. PAN, ozone and nitrogen oxides together make photochemical smog.

Question 6: Photochemical smog differs from London smog because it is
(a) formed from coal smoke and sulphur dioxide in cold weather
(b) oxidising and formed in sunlight from nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons
(c) reducing in nature
(d) always formed in winter nights
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) oxidising and formed in sunlight from nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons

Explanation:
1. Los Angeles smog needs sunlight and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. London smog is sulphurous, with coal smoke, fog and low temperature.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reducing smog is the London type, oxidising smog is the Los Angeles type.

Question 7: Acid rain contains sulphuric and nitric acids in the approximate ratio
(a) 3 : 7
(b) 7 : 3
(c) 1 : 1
(d) 9 : 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 7 : 3

Explanation:
1. About 70 per cent H2SO4 and 30 per cent HNO3.

Teacher's Note:
1. The main gases responsible are SO2 and NO2.

Question 8: Which device removes over 99 per cent of particulate matter from the exhaust of a thermal power plant?
(a) Catalytic converter
(b) Electrostatic precipitator
(c) Wet scrubber
(d) Cyclone separator
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Electrostatic precipitator

Explanation:
1. The electrostatic precipitator charges particles with a corona discharge and collects them on grounded plates.

Teacher's Note:
1. A scrubber is used for gases such as SO2.

Question 9: Catalytic converters contain which catalysts?
(a) Nickel and iron
(b) Platinum, palladium and rhodium
(c) Copper and zinc
(d) Vanadium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Platinum, palladium and rhodium

Explanation:
1. Expensive metals platinum, palladium and rhodium convert unburnt hydrocarbons, CO and NO into CO2, water and N2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Leaded petrol must not be used because lead poisons the catalyst.

Question 10: By the end of 2002 all buses in Delhi were converted to run on
(a) LPG
(b) CNG
(c) biodiesel
(d) ethanol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CNG

Explanation:
1. CNG burns efficiently with very little unburnt fuel, so it cuts pollution.

Teacher's Note:
1. CNG is compressed natural gas.

Question 11: BOD of water is a measure of
(a) dissolved oxygen
(b) organic matter that can be decomposed by bacteria
(c) heavy metals
(d) suspended solids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) organic matter that can be decomposed by bacteria

Explanation:
1. BOD is the oxygen needed by bacteria to decompose the organic waste in water.

Teacher's Note:
1. More BOD means more organic pollution.

Question 12: Biomagnification refers to
(a) increase in the concentration of a non-degradable pollutant at successive trophic levels
(b) decrease in pollutant at higher trophic levels
(c) increase of BOD
(d) increase of oxygen in water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) increase in the concentration of a non-degradable pollutant at successive trophic levels

Explanation:
1. Pollutants such as DDT accumulate and increase along the food chain, highest in top carnivores.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biomagnification needs a pollutant that is not metabolised or excreted.

Question 13: High concentration of DDT in birds causes
(a) strong egg shells
(b) thinning of egg shell due to disturbance in calcium metabolism
(c) faster growth
(d) increase in clutch size
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) thinning of egg shell due to disturbance in calcium metabolism

Explanation:
1. DDT disturbs calcium metabolism, so shells are thin and break early; bird populations decline.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fish-eating birds at the top of the food chain are the most affected.

Question 14: The effect of nutrient enrichment of a lake that results in algal bloom and death of fish is
(a) eutrophication
(b) biomagnification
(c) acidification
(d) eutrophic succession
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) eutrophication

Explanation:
1. Eutrophication is nutrient enrichment, followed by algal bloom, oxygen depletion and death of aquatic animals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cultural eutrophication is caused by human activity.

Question 15: The BOD of an eutrophic lake is
(a) very low
(b) very high
(c) zero
(d) unaffected
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) very high

Explanation:
1. High organic loading and decay of algae need a lot of oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Oligotrophic lakes have low BOD.

Question 16: Minamata disease in Japan was caused by poisoning from
(a) lead
(b) cadmium
(c) mercury
(d) arsenic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) mercury

Explanation:
1. People ate fish contaminated with mercury from industrial waste.

Teacher's Note:
1. Itai-itai disease, in contrast, is due to cadmium.

Question 17: Which of the following is a method of treating human excreta using dry composting toilets?
(a) Sanitary landfill
(b) EcoSan
(c) Polyblend
(d) Activated sludge
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) EcoSan

Explanation:
1. Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) toilets compost excreta without water; they are used in Kerala and Sri Lanka.

Teacher's Note:
1. The method gives manure from waste.

Question 18: The integrated waste water treatment at Arcata, California, uses
(a) a series of six connected marshes for biological treatment
(b) incineration
(c) deep well injection
(d) only chemical precipitation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a series of six connected marshes for biological treatment

Explanation:
1. After physical and chemical treatment, plants, algae, fungi and bacteria in six marshes clean the water.

Teacher's Note:
1. The initiative is called Friends of Arcata Marsh.

Question 19: Polyblend, developed by Ahmed Khan, is used for
(a) laying roads by mixing with bitumen
(b) purifying water
(c) making compost
(d) treating sewage
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) laying roads by mixing with bitumen

Explanation:
1. It is a fine powder of recycled modified plastic which is mixed with bitumen to make roads.

Teacher's Note:
1. This turns plastic waste into a useful resource.

Question 20: Which greenhouse gas contributes the most to global warming?
(a) Methane
(b) CFCs
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Nitrous oxide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Carbon dioxide

Explanation:
1. CO2 contributes about 60 per cent, methane 20, CFCs 14 and nitrous oxide 6.

Teacher's Note:
1. Memorise the order 60, 20, 14, 6.

Question 21: Without the greenhouse effect the average surface temperature of the Earth would be about
(a) 15 degrees Celsius
(b) 0 degrees Celsius
(c) minus 18 degrees Celsius
(d) minus 40 degrees Celsius
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) minus 18 degrees Celsius

Explanation:
1. The natural greenhouse effect raises the temperature from about minus 18 to 15 degrees Celsius.

Teacher's Note:
1. The greenhouse effect is helpful; excess of it is the problem.

Question 22: The Kyoto Protocol (1997) concerned
(a) reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
(b) ozone-depleting substances
(c) biodiversity
(d) hazardous waste
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

Explanation:
1. Countries agreed to reduce emissions to 5 per cent below the 1990 level in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.

Teacher's Note:
1. Montreal is for ozone and Rio is for biodiversity.

Question 23: Most of the atmospheric ozone is found in the
(a) troposphere
(b) stratosphere
(c) mesosphere
(d) thermosphere
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) stratosphere

Explanation:
1. Ozone is concentrated in the stratosphere at 16 to 25 km above the surface.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ozone in the troposphere is a pollutant.

Question 24: The ozone hole was first discovered over
(a) the Arctic
(b) Antarctica
(c) India
(d) the Equator
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Antarctica

Explanation:
1. It was found over Antarctica in 1985 and forms each year in spring (late August to early October).

Teacher's Note:
1. Polar stratospheric clouds help chlorine to destroy ozone.

Question 25: Ozone thickness is expressed in
(a) Dobson units
(b) decibels
(c) Becquerel
(d) Pascal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Dobson units

Explanation:
1. 1 Dobson unit is 0.01 mm thickness of pure ozone at STP.

Teacher's Note:
1. The ozone hole is defined as less than 220 DU.

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Environmental Issues

About Environmental Issues MCQs for NEET Biology

Test your conceptual understanding of Environmental Issues with these targeted multiple-choice questions. Designed in alignment with the latest NEET curriculum for NEET Biology, these problem sets build accuracy and prepare students for objective exams.

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