NEET Biology Environmental Issues MCQs Set 09

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Environmental Issues

Explore reliable objective questions for Environmental Issues tailored for NEET learners. Utilizing these Biology multiple-choice formats ensures thorough preparation and strengthens problem-solving speed for upcoming school assessments.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which law was passed by the Government of India in 1986 to protect and improve the quality of air, water and soil?
(a) Wildlife Protection Act
(b) Environment (Protection) Act
(c) Forest Conservation Act
(d) Water Act
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Environment (Protection) Act

Explanation:
1. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 was passed to protect and improve environmental quality and control pollution.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is an umbrella act.

Question 2: A scrubber, which sprays water or lime into the exhaust gases, is used to remove
(a) particulate matter and gases like sulphur dioxide
(b) only carbon monoxide
(c) noise
(d) only nitrogen
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) particulate matter and gases like sulphur dioxide

Explanation:
1. The scrubber removes gases such as SO2 by dissolving them in water or lime spray.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is used in thermal power plants.

Question 3: An electrostatic precipitator can remove about what percentage of particulate matter from the exhaust of a thermal power plant?
(a) 50 per cent
(b) 70 per cent
(c) 10 per cent
(d) 99 per cent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 99 per cent

Explanation:
1. Electrode wires with several thousand volts produce a corona that releases electrons; these attach to dust particles giving them a charge, and the dust then sticks to the earthed collecting plates.

Teacher's Note:
1. The air velocity must be low enough for dust to fall.

Question 4: In an electrostatic precipitator, the electrode wires are maintained at
(a) a few volts
(b) zero volts
(c) several thousand volts
(d) millions of volts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) several thousand volts

Explanation:
1. The wires generate a corona that charges the dust particles.

Teacher's Note:
1. The collecting plates are earthed.

Question 5: In an electrostatic precipitator, the air velocity in the exhaust should be
(a) very high
(b) low, so that dust particles can fall
(c) zero
(d) variable and high
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) low, so that dust particles can fall

Explanation:
1. A low velocity allows the charged particles enough time to settle on the plates.

Teacher's Note:
1. The collecting plates are grounded.

Question 6: The full form of CPCB is
(a) Central Pollution Control Board
(b) Central Public Control Bureau
(c) Central Pollution Cleaning Board
(d) Common Pollution Control Body
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Central Pollution Control Board

Explanation:
1. The CPCB is the national body that sets standards for air and water.

Teacher's Note:
1. State boards work under it.

Question 7: According to CPCB, particles of which size cause the greatest harm to human health?
(a) 10 micrometres
(b) 100 micrometres
(c) 1 millimetre
(d) 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter (PM 2.5)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter (PM 2.5)

Explanation:
1. Particles of size 2.5 micrometres or less can reach deep into the lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. They cause breathing problems.

Question 8: The metals used in catalytic converters are
(a) iron, copper and zinc
(b) sodium, potassium and calcium
(c) platinum, palladium and rhodium
(d) gold, silver and nickel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) platinum, palladium and rhodium

Explanation:
1. Catalytic converters convert unburnt hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide into CO2 and nitrogen gas.

Teacher's Note:
1. Unleaded petrol must be used.

Question 9: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 was amended in 1987 to include
(a) water as a pollutant
(b) noise as an air pollutant
(c) soil as a pollutant
(d) radioactivity only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) noise as an air pollutant

Explanation:
1. Noise pollution was brought under this act in 1987.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sound above 120 dB is harmful.

Question 10: Downstream of a point of sewage discharge into a river, the BOD value first
(a) rises sharply and then gradually declines
(b) remains zero
(c) falls and then rises
(d) stays constant
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) rises sharply and then gradually declines

Explanation:
1. Organic matter increases BOD at the discharge point; as microbes decompose it, BOD declines and the dissolved oxygen recovers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dissolved oxygen shows the opposite trend.

Question 11: The dissolved oxygen in a river downstream of a sewage discharge point first
(a) rises sharply
(b) stays constant
(c) rises and then falls
(d) falls sharply and then gradually recovers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) falls sharply and then gradually recovers

Explanation:
1. Microbes use up oxygen while decomposing the organic matter.

Teacher's Note:
1. BOD and DO are inversely related.

Question 12: The aquatic plant called the world's most problematic aquatic weed or 'Terror of Bengal' is
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Vallisneria
(c) water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
(d) Lemna
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Explanation:
1. It grows very fast and depletes dissolved oxygen, reducing aquatic biodiversity.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is an alien invasive species.

Question 13: The increase in concentration of toxic substances at successive trophic levels is called
(a) eutrophication
(b) biomagnification
(c) bioremediation
(d) bioaccumulation only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) biomagnification

Explanation:
1. Toxins like DDT and mercury are not metabolised or excreted, so they accumulate in higher trophic levels.

Teacher's Note:
1. Top carnivores show the highest levels.

Question 14: In a food chain, if the DDT concentration in water is 0.003 ppb, the concentration in fish-eating birds reaches about
(a) 25 ppm
(b) 0.04 ppm
(c) 0.5 ppm
(d) 2 ppm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 25 ppm

Explanation:
1. The values increase through the chain: water 0.003 ppb, zooplankton 0.04 ppm, small fish 0.5 ppm, large fish 2 ppm and birds 25 ppm.

Teacher's Note:
1. High DDT causes thinning of eggshells.

Question 15: Eutrophication is defined as
(a) the clearing of forests
(b) the freezing of lake water
(c) the increase of oxygen in water
(d) the natural ageing of a lake by nutrient enrichment of its water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) the natural ageing of a lake by nutrient enrichment of its water

Explanation:
1. Natural eutrophication takes thousands of years.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human activity speeds it up.

Question 16: Cultural or accelerated eutrophication is
(a) natural ageing of a lake
(b) caused only by oxygen
(c) human-induced eutrophication
(d) a type of biomagnification
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) human-induced eutrophication

Explanation:
1. Effluents from industries and homes and agricultural run-off hasten it, causing algal blooms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Algal blooms deplete oxygen and kill fish.

Question 17: The full form of FOAM is
(a) Friends of Aquatic Marshes
(b) Friends of Arcata Marshes
(c) Forum of Aquatic Management
(d) Fund for Ocean and Marshes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Friends of Arcata Marshes

Explanation:
1. The FOAM project in Arcata, California, used an integrated waste-water treatment with marshes.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is an example of constructed wetlands.

Question 18: Ecosan (ecological sanitation) toilets are working in
(a) Sri Lanka and Kerala
(b) Delhi and Mumbai
(c) Nepal and Bhutan
(d) Bangladesh and Pakistan
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Sri Lanka and Kerala

Explanation:
1. These toilets use a composting method to convert human excreta into manure.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are an example of sustainable sanitation.

Question 19: In the composition of greenhouse gases, the percentage contributions of CO2, CH4, CFCs and N2O are respectively about
(a) 20, 60, 14 and 6
(b) 60, 14, 20 and 6
(c) 14, 60, 6 and 20
(d) 60, 20, 14 and 6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 60, 20, 14 and 6

Explanation:
1. CO2 is the major contributor at about 60 per cent, then methane at 20 per cent, CFCs 14 per cent and nitrous oxide 6 per cent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Together they cause global warming.

Question 20: Good ozone and bad ozone are found respectively in the
(a) troposphere and stratosphere
(b) mesosphere and stratosphere
(c) stratosphere and troposphere
(d) stratosphere and mesosphere
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) stratosphere and troposphere

Explanation:
1. Stratospheric ozone shields the earth from UV; ground-level ozone is a pollutant.

Teacher's Note:
1. UV-B causes skin cancer.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Environmental Issues

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FAQs

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