NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption MCQs Set 15

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Bile is formed in the:
(a) Gall bladder
(b) Liver
(c) Spleen
(d) Blood
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Liver

Explanation:
1. Bile is made by hepatocytes and only stored and concentrated in the gall bladder.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bile reaches the duodenum through the common bile duct.

Question 2: Cholecystokinin is a secretion of the:
(a) Duodenum that causes contraction of the gall bladder
(b) Goblet cells of ileum which stimulates succus entericus
(c) Liver which controls secondary sex characters
(d) Stomach which stimulates pancreas to release juice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Duodenum that causes contraction of the gall bladder

Explanation:
1. CCK is secreted by the duodenal mucosa and makes the gall bladder contract, releasing bile.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cholecysto means gall bladder and kinin means movement.

Question 3: The enzyme trypsinogen is changed to trypsin by:
(a) Gastrin
(b) Enterogastrone
(c) Enterokinase
(d) Secretin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Enterokinase

Explanation:
1. Enterokinase is released from the duodenal wall and activates trypsinogen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Do not confuse enterokinase (enzyme) with enterogastrone (hormone).

Question 4: Castle's intrinsic factor is connected with the absorption of:
(a) Pyridoxine
(b) Riboflavin
(c) Thiamine
(d) Cobalamin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cobalamin

Explanation:
1. Intrinsic factor from parietal cells is needed for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) absorption in the ileum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lack of intrinsic factor causes pernicious anaemia.

Question 5: Cholesterol is synthesised in the:
(a) Brunner's glands
(b) Liver
(c) Spleen
(d) Pancreas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Liver

Explanation:
1. The liver is the main organ synthesising cholesterol, which is used for bile salts.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cholesterol is a precursor of bile salts and steroid hormones.

Question 6: Lacteals take part in the:
(a) Digestion of milk
(b) Absorption of fat
(c) Digestion of lactic acid
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Absorption of fat

Explanation:
1. Lacteals are lymph capillaries in the villi that absorb fatty acids and glycerol as chylomicrons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fats enter lymph first and then reach the blood by the thoracic duct.

Question 7: The muscular contraction of the alimentary canal that moves food is called:
(a) Circulation
(b) Deglutition
(c) Churning
(d) Peristalsis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Peristalsis

Explanation:
1. Peristalsis is the wave of contraction and relaxation of the muscularis that pushes food forward.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deglutition means swallowing.

Question 8: Fatty acids and glycerol are first absorbed by:
(a) Lymph vessels
(b) Blood
(c) Blood capillaries
(d) Hepatic portal vein
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Lymph vessels

Explanation:
1. Fat products are packed in chylomicrons and enter the lacteals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Short chain fatty acids may go directly to blood.

Question 9: Which food substance is absorbed without digestion?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamins
(d) Fats
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vitamins

Explanation:
1. Vitamins, minerals and water are small molecules absorbed as such.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vitamin B12 needs intrinsic factor but not digestion.

Question 10: Water absorption mainly occurs in the:
(a) Colon
(b) Intestine
(c) Stomach
(d) Appendix
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Colon

Explanation:
1. The colon absorbs a large amount of water, forming semi-solid faeces.

Teacher's Note:
1. Most water is absorbed in the small intestine, but the colon absorbs the remainder.

Question 11: Lactose is composed of:
(a) Glucose and galactose
(b) Glucose and fructose
(c) Glucose and glucose
(d) Glucose and mannose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Glucose and galactose

Explanation:
1. Lactose, the milk sugar, is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sucrose is glucose and fructose and maltose is glucose and glucose.

Question 12: If the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially non-functional, what is likely to happen?
(a) The pH of the stomach will fall abruptly
(b) Steapsin will be more effective
(c) Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
(d) The pancreatic enzymes, especially trypsin and lipase, will not work efficiently
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones

Explanation:
1. Less HCl means less pepsinogen is converted to pepsin and the pH is not low enough for pepsin to work.

Teacher's Note:
1. Low HCl is called hypochlorhydria.

Question 13: In the stomach, food after physical and chemical digestion is called:
(a) Chyme
(b) Chyle
(c) Amino acid
(d) Bolus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Chyme

Explanation:
1. Food mixed with gastric juice becomes a semi-liquid acidic mass, chyme. Chyle is the lymph with absorbed fat in the lacteals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bolus is food in the mouth, chyme in the stomach, chyle in the lacteals.

Question 14: The stool of a person is whitish grey in colour due to malfunction of which organ?
(a) Pancreas
(b) Spleen
(c) Kidney
(d) Liver
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Liver

Explanation:
1. Stercobilin, which colours faeces brown, comes from bile pigments, so a liver or bile duct problem produces pale stools.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pale stool and yellow skin suggest obstructive jaundice.

Question 15: Which of the following is a disaccharide?
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Sucrose
(d) Galactose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Sucrose

Explanation:
1. Sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose. The others are monosaccharides.

Teacher's Note:
1. Disaccharides: sucrose, maltose, lactose.

Question 16: Hydrolysis of lipids yields:
(a) Fats
(b) Fatty acids and glycerol
(c) Mannose and glycerol
(d) Maltose and fatty acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Fatty acids and glycerol

Explanation:
1. Lipids are hydrolysed by lipases into fatty acids and glycerol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hydrolysis uses water to break ester bonds.

Question 17: Glucose and galactose unite to form:
(a) Maltose
(b) Sucrose
(c) Isomaltose
(d) Lactose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Lactose

Explanation:
1. Condensation of glucose with galactose gives lactose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lactase deficiency causes lactose intolerance.

Question 18: The chief function of bile is to:
(a) Digest fat by enzymatic action
(b) Emulsify fats for digestion
(c) Eliminate waste products
(d) Regulate digestion of proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Emulsify fats for digestion

Explanation:
1. Bile has no enzymes. Its salts emulsify fat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Emulsification increases the surface area for lipase.

Question 19: The toxic substances are detoxified in the human body by the:
(a) Lungs
(b) Kidneys
(c) Liver
(d) Stomach
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Liver

Explanation:
1. The liver converts toxic substances, including ammonia into urea, into harmless compounds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Detoxification is one of the major liver functions.

Question 20: The hormone secretin stimulates the secretion of:
(a) Pancreatic juice
(b) Intestinal juice
(c) Salivary juice
(d) Gastric juice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pancreatic juice

Explanation:
1. Secretin acts on the pancreas to release a watery bicarbonate-rich juice.

Teacher's Note:
1. Secretin was the first hormone discovered.

Question 21: The major site of protein breakdown to free amino acids is the:
(a) Kidney
(b) Spleen
(c) Intestine
(d) Bone marrow
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Intestine

Explanation:
1. Pancreatic proteases and intestinal peptidases complete digestion into amino acids in the small intestine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pepsin only produces proteoses and peptones.

Question 22: Trypsin differs from pepsin because it digests:
(a) Carbohydrate in alkaline medium in stomach
(b) Protein in alkaline medium in stomach
(c) Protein in acidic medium of stomach
(d) Protein in alkaline medium in duodenum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Protein in alkaline medium in duodenum

Explanation:
1. Pepsin acts in the acidic stomach and trypsin in the alkaline duodenum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both are endopeptidases but with different optimum pH.

Question 23: Pancreatic juice is:
(a) Alkaline in nature
(b) Acidic in nature
(c) Neutral in nature
(d) Both acidic and alkaline
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Alkaline in nature

Explanation:
1. Pancreatic juice contains bicarbonate, giving a pH of about 8.

Teacher's Note:
1. It neutralises the acid chyme entering from the stomach.

Question 24: Bilirubin and biliverdin are present in:
(a) Pancreatic juice
(b) Saliva
(c) Bile juice
(d) Intestinal juice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Bile juice

Explanation:
1. They are bile pigments formed from the breakdown of haemoglobin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bile pigments are excreted in faeces as stercobilin.

Question 25: The amount of gastric juice secreted per day by the human stomach is about:
(a) 500 to 1000 ml
(b) 2000 to 3000 ml
(c) 100 to 500 ml
(d) 10 to 15 ml
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2000 to 3000 ml

Explanation:
1. The stomach secretes about 2 to 3 litres of gastric juice per day.

Teacher's Note:
1. Saliva is about 1 to 1.5 litres a day and bile about 0.5 to 1 litre.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption

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