NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration MCQs Set 18

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A hormone enters the cell, forms a hormone-receptor complex inside the nucleus, and the complex acts on the genome to form mRNA, proteins and a physiological response. Which statement does not support this hormone action?
(a) It explains the action of a hormone which interacts with membrane bound receptors
(b) It explains the action of a hormone which interacts with intracellular receptors in the nucleus
(c) The hormone regulates chromosome function by the interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the genome
(d) This hormone does not generate a second messenger
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) It explains the action of a hormone which interacts with membrane bound receptors

Explanation:
1. The mechanism shown is that of hormones with intracellular receptors, such as steroids and thyroid hormones.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hormones with membrane bound receptors act through second messengers instead.

Question 2: During stress the body demands the release of cortisol. Where is the receptor for cortisol present?
(a) Membrane bound
(b) Intracellular
(c) Membrane for one and intracellular for the other
(d) Intracellular, membrane
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Intracellular

Explanation:
1. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, which is lipid soluble and enters the cell to bind intracellular receptors.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 3: If a female's labour pain is of low intensity during parturition, what step should the doctor take?
(a) Prolactin will be given
(b) Oxytocin injection will be given
(c) Progesterone will be given
(d) ADH will be given
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Oxytocin injection will be given

Explanation:
1. Oxytocin stimulates strong contractions of the uterine muscles and so speeds up delivery.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 4: Secondary messengers:
(a) Are substances that interact with first messengers inside cells
(b) Are substances that bind to first messengers in the cell membrane
(c) Are hormones secreted by a cell in response to stimulation by another hormone
(d) Mediate the intracellular response to many different hormones and neurotransmitters
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mediate the intracellular response to many different hormones and neurotransmitters

Explanation:
1. Second messengers such as cyclic AMP, IP3 and Ca2+ carry the signal inside the cell after a hormone binds its membrane receptor.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 5: Hormones are:
(a) Non-nutritive, non-antigenic and non species specific
(b) Nutritive, non antigenic and non species specific
(c) Non-nutritive, non-antigenic and species specific
(d) Non-nutritive, antigenic and non species specific
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Non-nutritive, non-antigenic and non species specific

Explanation:
1. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers, and they do not stimulate antibody formation and are not species specific.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 6: Which of the following are correct about endocrine glands? (a) These are ductless glands. (b) Their secretions are called hormones. (c) Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood and are transported to a distantly located target organ. (d) Invertebrates possess very simple endocrine systems with many hormones.
(a) a, b, c
(b) b, c, d
(c) c, d
(d) a, b, c, d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a, b, c

Explanation:
1. Endocrine glands are ductless, secrete hormones into the blood, and the hormones act on distant targets.

Teacher's Note:
1. Invertebrates have simple endocrine systems with only a few hormones.

Question 7: Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are produced by:
(a) Hypothalamus
(b) Pituitary gland
(c) Upper lateral part of the diencephalon
(d) Thyroid gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hypothalamus

Explanation:
1. The hypothalamus makes the releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary through the portal system.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 8: __(A)__ induces ovulation of fully mature follicles and __(B)__ acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes.
(a) A FSH, B ADH
(b) A LH, B oxytocin
(c) A LH, B vasopressin
(d) A LH, B prolactin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A LH, B vasopressin

Explanation:
1. LH surge induces ovulation, and vasopressin (ADH) acts on the kidney to stimulate reabsorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 9: Which of the following are correct? (a) The hypercalcemic hormone is thyrocalcitonin (TCT). (b) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the Ca2+ level in the blood. (c) Thymosin plays a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes. (d) Parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland.
(a) b, c, d
(b) a, b, c
(c) a, c, d
(d) a, b, c, d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) b, c, d

Explanation:
1. TCT lowers blood calcium, so it is hypocalcemic and statement a is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. PTH is the hypercalcemic hormone, thymosin helps T cell differentiation, and the parathyroids lie on the back of the thyroid.

Question 10: Which of the following is correct about glucagon? (a) Stimulates glycogenolysis (b) Stimulates gluconeogenesis (c) Hypoglycemic hormone
(a) a, c only
(b) a, b only
(c) b, c only
(d) a, b, c all
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a, b only

Explanation:
1. Glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone that raises blood glucose by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is not hypoglycemic.

Question 11: In a table of hormones, gland A secretes oestrogen (maintenance of secondary sexual characters), alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete B (raises blood sugar level), and the anterior pituitary secretes C (oversecretion leads to gigantism). Identify A, B and C.
(a) A ovary, B glucagon, C growth hormone
(b) A placenta, B insulin, C vasopressin
(c) A ovary, B insulin, C calcitonin
(d) A placenta, B glucagon, C calcitonin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A ovary, B glucagon, C growth hormone

Explanation:
1. Oestrogen is secreted by the ovary, glucagon by the alpha cells raises blood sugar, and excess growth hormone in childhood causes gigantism.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 12: Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Glucagon reduces cellular glucose uptake and utilisation
(b) Glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone
(c) Insulin stimulates gluconeogenesis
(d) Insulin stimulates glycogenesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Insulin stimulates gluconeogenesis

Explanation:
1. Insulin is hypoglycemic and inhibits gluconeogenesis, so the statement that it stimulates gluconeogenesis is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin promotes glycogenesis and glucose uptake.

Question 13: Corpuscles of Hassall are present in:
(a) Thyroid
(b) Pineal gland
(c) Thymus
(d) Adrenal gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Thymus

Explanation:
1. Hassall's corpuscles are the small rounded structures in the medulla of the thymus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 14: Which of the following pairs is not matched correctly?
(a) Cretinism - thyroid gland
(b) Acromegaly - pituitary gland
(c) Addison's disease - adrenal gland
(d) Cushing's syndrome - pineal gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cushing's syndrome - pineal gland

Explanation:
1. Cushing's syndrome is due to excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex, and not due to the pineal gland.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 15: Which of the following options does not include the antagonistic hormones?
(a) Insulin and glucagon
(b) PTH and calcitonin
(c) Epinephrine and oxytocin
(d) MSH and melatonin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Epinephrine and oxytocin

Explanation:
1. Insulin and glucagon, PTH and calcitonin, and MSH and melatonin have opposite effects, whereas epinephrine and oxytocin do not act as a pair.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 16: Which one of the following conditions is not linked to the deficiency of thyroid hormones?
(a) Cretinism
(b) Goitre
(c) Myxoedema
(d) Exophthalmic condition
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Exophthalmic condition

Explanation:
1. Exophthalmic goitre (Graves' disease) results from hyperthyroidism, which is an excess of thyroid hormone.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 17: Which of the given statements is false?
(a) Androgens play a role in the process of spermatogenesis
(b) Androgens act on the central neural system and influence male sexual behaviour
(c) Androgens stimulate a high pitch of voice in males
(d) Androgens show an anabolic effect
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Androgens stimulate a high pitch of voice in males

Explanation:
1. Androgens cause a deep voice in males, which is a low pitch, so the statement is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 18: Which of the following are not present in cretinism?
(a) Low intelligence
(b) Dwarfism
(c) Deaf-mutism
(d) Normal healthy skin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Normal healthy skin

Explanation:
1. In cretinism, caused by thyroid hormone deficiency in childhood, there are mental retardation, stunted growth, deaf-mutism and abnormal skin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 19: Which of the following are the functions of thyroxine? (A) Development of CNS (B) Stimulates erythropoiesis (C) Influences maintenance of water and electrolyte balance (D) Regulates the menstrual cycle
(a) A, B, C, D
(b) C, D
(c) Only D
(d) A and B only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A, B, C, D

Explanation:
1. Thyroid hormones support CNS development, red blood cell formation, water and electrolyte balance and the menstrual cycle.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 20: Identify the correct match from columns I, II and III: ADH, PTH, Insulin and Growth hormone with the gland and the disorder.
(a) ADH - hypothalamus - diabetes insipidus; PTH - parathyroid - tetany; insulin - pancreas - diabetes mellitus; growth hormone - anterior pituitary - dwarfism
(b) ADH - hypothalamus - tetany; PTH - parathyroid - diabetes insipidus; insulin - pancreas - diabetes mellitus; growth hormone - anterior pituitary - dwarfism
(c) ADH - anterior pituitary - diabetes insipidus; PTH - parathyroid - tetany; insulin - pancreas - dwarfism; growth hormone - hypothalamus - diabetes mellitus
(d) ADH - anterior pituitary - diabetes mellitus; PTH - parathyroid - tetany; insulin - pancreas - diabetes insipidus; growth hormone - hypothalamus - dwarfism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ADH - hypothalamus - diabetes insipidus; PTH - parathyroid - tetany; insulin - pancreas - diabetes mellitus; growth hormone - anterior pituitary - dwarfism

Explanation:
1. Deficiency of ADH causes diabetes insipidus, low PTH causes tetany, low insulin causes diabetes mellitus, and low growth hormone in childhood causes dwarfism.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 21: Which of the following is not a correct match of hormone and function?
(a) LH: production of testosterone by the testes
(b) Prolactin: milk production in the mammary glands
(c) FSH: development of the Graafian follicle
(d) Oxytocin: relaxes the uterine muscles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Oxytocin: relaxes the uterine muscles

Explanation:
1. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 22: Oxytocin and vasopressin are actually synthesised in the __A__ and are transported __B__ to the __C__.
(a) A hypothalamus, B by blood, C neurohypophysis
(b) A hypothalamus, B axonally, C adenohypophysis
(c) A hypothalamus, B by blood, C adenohypophysis
(d) A hypothalamus, B axonally, C neurohypophysis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A hypothalamus, B axonally, C neurohypophysis

Explanation:
1. These hormones are made by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus and pass along axons to the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), where they are stored and released.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 23: Identify the correct match: Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Adrenal medulla and Zona reticularis with their hormones and functions.
(a) Glomerulosa - aldosterone - osmotic pressure maintenance; fasciculata - cortisol - anti-inflammatory response; medulla - adrenaline - emergency hormone; reticularis - androgenic steroids - growth of axial hair at puberty
(b) Glomerulosa - cortisol - emergency hormone; fasciculata - aldosterone - osmotic pressure; medulla - androgenic steroids - anti-inflammatory; reticularis - adrenaline - axial hair
(c) Glomerulosa - adrenaline - osmotic pressure; fasciculata - androgens - anti-inflammatory; medulla - cortisol - emergency; reticularis - aldosterone - axial hair
(d) Glomerulosa - androgenic steroids - axial hair; fasciculata - adrenaline - emergency; medulla - aldosterone - osmotic pressure; reticularis - cortisol - anti-inflammatory
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Glomerulosa - aldosterone - osmotic pressure maintenance; fasciculata - cortisol - anti-inflammatory response; medulla - adrenaline - emergency hormone; reticularis - androgenic steroids - growth of axial hair at puberty

Explanation:
1. The zona glomerulosa makes aldosterone for mineral balance, the fasciculata makes cortisol with anti-inflammatory action, the medulla makes adrenaline as an emergency hormone, and the reticularis makes androgenic steroids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 24: Cortisol is a __ hormone and stimulates __.
(a) Adrenal medulla, gluconeogenesis
(b) Adrenal cortex, gluconeogenesis
(c) Adrenal medulla, glycogenolysis
(d) Anterior pituitary, glycogenolysis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Adrenal cortex, gluconeogenesis

Explanation:
1. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid of the adrenal cortex, and it stimulates gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

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