NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration MCQs Set 17

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Chemicals that are non-nutrient and act as intercellular messengers are called
(a) enzymes
(b) vitamins
(c) hormones
(d) antibodies
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) hormones

Explanation:
1. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.

Teacher's Note:
1. Endocrine glands are ductless.

Question 2: The hypothalamus is the basal part of the
(a) medulla
(b) midbrain
(c) cerebellum
(d) diencephalon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) diencephalon

Explanation:
1. The hypothalamus lies in the basal region of the diencephalon, and its neurosecretory nuclei produce hormones.

Teacher's Note:
1. Its hormones regulate the pituitary.

Question 3: The hypothalamic hormone that inhibits the release of growth hormone from the pituitary is
(a) GnRH
(b) TRH
(c) oxytocin
(d) somatostatin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) somatostatin

Explanation:
1. Somatostatin inhibits GH release, while GnRH stimulates gonadotrophin release.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hypothalamic hormones reach the anterior pituitary via the portal circulation.

Question 4: The posterior pituitary is regulated by the hypothalamus through
(a) direct neural regulation
(b) the portal circulatory system
(c) blood glucose
(d) the thyroid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) direct neural regulation

Explanation:
1. Neurohypophysis stores hormones made in hypothalamic neurons and is under direct neural control, while the adenohypophysis is controlled by the portal system.

Teacher's Note:
1. Oxytocin and vasopressin are posterior pituitary hormones.

Question 5: The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called
(a) foramen magnum
(b) sella turcica
(c) cranial fossa
(d) orbit
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) sella turcica

Explanation:
1. The pituitary lies in the sella turcica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.

Teacher's Note:
1. It has an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis.

Question 6: Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) acts on melanocytes to regulate
(a) sleep cycle
(b) skin pigmentation
(c) calcium level
(d) milk ejection
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) skin pigmentation

Explanation:
1. MSH from pars intermedia regulates skin pigmentation, and is secreted by it in other mammals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pars intermedia is almost merged with pars distalis in humans.

Question 7: Overproduction of growth hormone in childhood causes ______ and underproduction causes ______.
(a) pituitary dwarfism, gigantism
(b) acromegaly, goitre
(c) gigantism, pituitary dwarfism
(d) cretinism, gigantism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) gigantism, pituitary dwarfism

Explanation:
1. GH excess before puberty gives gigantism; deficiency gives dwarfism.

Teacher's Note:
1. Excess in adults causes acromegaly.

Question 8: The hormone that acts on the distal convoluted tubule to reduce water loss through urine is
(a) ADH
(b) oxytocin
(c) TSH
(d) glucagon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ADH

Explanation:
1. ADH (vasopressin) facilitates reabsorption of water and electrolytes, preventing diuresis.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is released from the posterior pituitary.

Question 9: The gland that secretes melatonin and regulates the sleep-wake cycle is the
(a) thyroid
(b) thymus
(c) adrenal
(d) pineal gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) pineal gland

Explanation:
1. Melatonin regulates the diurnal rhythm, body temperature and pigmentation.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pineal gland is located in the dorsal side of the forebrain.

Question 10: Deficiency of iodine in the diet leads to
(a) goitre
(b) diabetes mellitus
(c) acromegaly
(d) Addison's disease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) goitre

Explanation:
1. Iodine is needed to form thyroid hormones, and its lack causes enlarged thyroid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Iodised salt prevents it.

Question 11: Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are
(a) thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrocalcitonin
(b) insulin and glucagon
(c) cortisol and aldosterone
(d) PTH and TSH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrocalcitonin

Explanation:
1. T3 and T4 regulate BMR, while thyrocalcitonin lowers blood calcium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Iodine is essential for their synthesis.

Question 12: Stunted growth, mental retardation and low intelligence quotient in a child due to thyroid hormone deficiency during pregnancy is called
(a) myxoedema
(b) cretinism
(c) exophthalmic goitre
(d) Graves' disease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) cretinism

Explanation:
1. Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes cretinism in the child.

Teacher's Note:
1. In adult women hypothyroidism may cause irregular menstrual cycles.

Question 13: The hormone that raises blood calcium level is
(a) thyrocalcitonin (TCT)
(b) insulin
(c) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(d) oxytocin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Explanation:
1. PTH increases Ca2+ by stimulating bone resorption, reabsorption in kidney and absorption from food.

Teacher's Note:
1. TCT acts as its antagonist.

Question 14: The thymus plays an important role in
(a) the differentiation of T-lymphocytes
(b) calcium regulation
(c) sleep
(d) glucose uptake
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) the differentiation of T-lymphocytes

Explanation:
1. Thymosin from the thymus promotes T-lymphocyte differentiation and gives cell-mediated immunity.

Teacher's Note:
1. It degenerates with age.

Question 15: The three layers of the adrenal cortex from outer to inner are
(a) zona reticularis, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa
(b) zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
(c) zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis
(d) zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Explanation:
1. The outer layer is zona glomerulosa, the middle zona fasciculata and the inner zona reticularis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember GFR: glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis.

Question 16: The endocrine part of the pancreas is the
(a) acinar cells
(b) Kupffer cells
(c) goblet cells
(d) islets of Langerhans
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) islets of Langerhans

Explanation:
1. Islets of Langerhans include alpha cells secreting glucagon and beta cells secreting insulin.

Teacher's Note:
1. The exocrine part secretes pancreatic juice.

Question 17: Which hormone is hyperglycaemic and stimulates glycogenolysis?
(a) Insulin
(b) Thyrocalcitonin
(c) Glucagon
(d) Oxytocin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Glucagon

Explanation:
1. Glucagon acts on liver cells to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin acts oppositely.

Question 18: Glycosuria and ketonuria are symptoms of
(a) diabetes insipidus
(b) goitre
(c) Cushing's syndrome
(d) diabetes mellitus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) diabetes mellitus

Explanation:
1. Insulin deficiency leads to high blood glucose, loss of glucose and ketone bodies in urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Treatment is insulin therapy.

Question 19: The hormone that induces ovulation of fully mature follicles and maintains the corpus luteum in females is
(a) FSH
(b) prolactin
(c) luteinising hormone
(d) TSH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) luteinising hormone

Explanation:
1. LH induces ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum; in males it stimulates androgen synthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. LH and FSH are gonadotrophins.

Question 20: Hormones that act through secondary messengers such as cAMP, IP3 and Ca2+ are
(a) protein hormones that bind to membrane receptors
(b) steroid hormones
(c) iodothyronines
(d) all intracellular hormones
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) protein hormones that bind to membrane receptors

Explanation:
1. Peptide and protein hormones bind to membrane receptors and generate secondary messengers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Steroid and iodothyronine hormones bind to intracellular receptors and regulate gene expression.

Question 21: Hormones that regulate gene expression by interacting with intracellular receptors are
(a) steroid hormones and iodothyronines
(b) insulin and glucagon
(c) adrenaline and oxytocin
(d) all peptide hormones
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) steroid hormones and iodothyronines

Explanation:
1. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones have cytosolic or nuclear receptors, and the hormone-receptor complex acts on the genome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Protein hormones act through membrane receptors.

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