NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration MCQs Set 12

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The secondary messenger which show antagonistic effect to c-AMP in heart muscle is
(a) Ca2+
(b) Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
(c) DAG
(d) c-GMP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) c-GMP

Explanation:
1. cAMP regulates cardiac ion channels in response to sympathetic stimulation cGMP is reported to block this cAMP mediated pathway.

Question 2: Which of the following is an amino acid derived hormone?
(a) Epinephrine
(b) Ecdysone
(c) Estriol
(d) Estradiol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Epinephrine

Explanation:
1. Epinephrine is derived from tyrosine amino acid by the removal of carboxyl group.
2. It is a catecholamine.

Question 3: Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis?
(a) Aldosterone and Prolactin
(b) Progesterone and Aldosterone
(c) Parathyroid hormone and Prolactin
(d) Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone

Explanation:
1. Estrogen promotes the activity of osteoblast and inhibits osteoclast.
2. In an ageing female osteoporosis occurs due to deficiency of estrogen.
3. Parathormone promotes mobilisation of calcium from bone into blood.
4. Excessive activity of parathormone causes demineralisation leading to osteoporosis.

Question 4: Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone in adults does not cause further increase in height, because
(a) Growth Hormone becomes inactive in adults
(b) Epiphyseal plates close after adolescence
(c) Bones loose their sensitivity to Growth Hormone in adults
(d) Muscle fibres do not grow in size after birth
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Epiphyseal plates close after adolescence

Explanation:
1. Epiphyseal plate is responsible for the growth of bone which close after adolescence so hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults does not cause further increase in height.

Question 5: Which hormones do stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
(a) Angiotensin and epinephrine
(b) Gastrin and insulin
(c) Cholecystokinin and secretin
(d) Insulin and glucagon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cholecystokinin and secretin

Explanation:
1. Cholecystokinin and secretin both hormones increase the secretion of pancreatic juice.

Question 6: Graves' disease is caused due to
(a) Hyposecretion of thyroid gland
(b) Hypersecretion of thyroid gland
(c) Hyposecretion of adrenal gland
(d) Hypersecretion of adrenal gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hypersecretion of thyroid gland

Explanation:
1. Grave's disease is due to the hypersecretion of thyroid gland.

Question 7: Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization.
(a) Insulin
(b) Glucagon
(c) Secretin
(d) Gastrin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Insulin

Explanation:
1. Insulin is a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation so it decreases the blood glucose level.

Question 8: The posterior pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because
(a) It is provided with a duct
(b) It only stores and releases hormones
(c) It is under the regulation of hypothalamus
(d) It secretes enzymes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It only stores and releases hormones

Explanation:
1. Posterior pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because it only stores and releases hormones.

Question 9: Which of the following pairs of hormones are not antagonistic (having opposite effects) to each other?
(a) Relaxin - Inhibin
(b) Parathormone - Calcitonin
(c) Insulin - Glucagon
(d) Aldosterone - Atrial Natriuretic Factor
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Relaxin - Inhibin

Explanation:
1. Relaxin relaxes the pubic symphysis during parturition while inhibin decreases the secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary.

Question 10: Which one of the following hormones is not involved in sugar metabolism?
(a) Glucagon
(b) Cortisone
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Insulin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Aldosterone

Explanation:
1. This option, Aldosterone, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 11: A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is
(a) Cortisol
(b) Melatonin
(c) Calcitonin
(d) Epinephrine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Epinephrine

Explanation:
1. Epinephrine is hormone as wess as neurotransmitter.

Question 12: Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of:
(a) The parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate
(b) The kidney, leading to suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
(c) The adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
(d) The pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Explanation:
1. Epinephrine & norepinephrine are released during stress of any kind or emergency situations.

Question 13: Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function:
(a) Oxytocin - posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands
(b) Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleepwake cycle
(c) Progesterone-corpus-luteum, stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs
(d) Atrial natriuretic factor - ventricular wall increases the blood pressure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleepwake cycle

Explanation:
1. Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin.
2. Melatonin plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24 hour rhythm of our body.

Question 14: Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system?
(a) Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones
(b) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones
(c) Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland
(d) Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones

Explanation:
1. This option, Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 15: A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of
(a) Low secretion of growth hormone
(b) Cancer of the thyroid gland
(c) Over secretion of pars distalis
(d) Deficiency of iodine in diet
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Deficiency of iodine in diet

Explanation:
1. This option, Deficiency of iodine in diet, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 16: Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/ deficiency symptom: Endocrine gland Hormone Function/ deficiency/ symptoms
(a) Posterior pituitary Growth Hormone (GH) Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth
(b) Thyroid gland Thyroxine Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre
(c) Corpus luteum Testosterone Stimulates spermatogenesis
(d) Anterior pituitary Oxytocin Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Thyroid gland Thyroxine Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

Explanation:
1. This option, Thyroid gland Thyroxine Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 17: Which one of the following pairs of chemical substances, is correctly categorised?
(a) Secretin and rhodopsin - Polypeptide hormones
(b) Calcitonin and thymosin - Thyroid hormones
(c) Pepsin and prolactin - Two digestive enzymes secreted in stomach
(d) Troponin and myosin - Complex proteins in striated muscles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Troponin and myosin - Complex proteins in striated muscles

Explanation:
1. This option, Troponin and myosin - Complex proteins in striated muscles, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 18: Match the source gland with its respective hormone as welll as the function. Source gland Hormone Function
(a) Thyroid Regulates blood Thyroxine calcium level Anterior Contraction of uterus
(b) pituitary Oxytocin muscles during child birth Posterior Stimulates resorption
(c) pituitary Vasopressin of water in the distal tubules in the nephron Corpus
(d) Estrogen Supports pregnancy luteum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) pituitary Vasopressin of water in the distal tubules in the nephron Corpus

Explanation:
1. Thyroid – Thyroxine : Regulates the lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolisms.
2. Posterior pituitary – Oxytocin : Contraction of uterus muscles during child birth.
3. Posterior pituitary – Vasopressin : Stimulates resorption of water in the DCT. Corpus luteum – Estrogen : Supports pregnancy.

Question 19: The 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body such as the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the hormone.
(a) Adrenaline
(b) Melatonin
(c) Calcitonin
(d) Prolactin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Melatonin

Explanation:
1. Melatonin : Secreted by pineal gland regulates the sleep-wake cycle is 24-hour rhythm.
2. Adrenaline : Secreted by adrenal medulla and controls the stress-response.
3. Calcitonin : Secreted by thyroid gland, also known as thyrocalcitonin.
4. It regulates the calcium harmostasis.

Question 20: Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?
(a) Cortisol
(b) Aldosterone
(c) Both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone
(d) Adrenaline
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Adrenaline

Explanation:
1. This option, Adrenaline, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 21: Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
(a) Insulin–Diabetes mellitus (disease)
(b) Glucagon – Beta cells (source)
(c) Somatostatin – Delta cells (source)
(d) Corpus luteum – Relaxin (secretion)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Glucagon – Beta cells (source)

Explanation:
1. Glucagon is secreted by α-cells of pancreas.

Question 22: Select the correct matching of a hormone, its source and function Hormone Source Function
(a) Vasopression Posterior pituitary Increases loss of water through urine
(b) Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Increases heart beat, rate of respiration and alertness
(c) Glucagon Beta-cells of lslets Stimulates glycogenolysis of langerhans
(d) Prolactin Posterior Pituitary Regulates growth of mammary glands and milk formation in females
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Increases heart beat, rate of respiration and alertness

Explanation:
1. Vasopressin Posterior piuitary Increases absouption of water through urine Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Increases heart beat, rate of respiration and alertness Glucagon α-cells of Islets of Stimulates glycogenolysis langerhans Prolactin Anterior pituitary Regulates growth of mammary gland and milk formation in females.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration

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