Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Chemical Coordination and Integration
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) Myxoedema - swollen facial tissues
(b) Insulin - raises blood glucose
(c) Parathyroid - tetany
(d) Cretinism - mentally retarded
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Insulin - raises blood glucose
Explanation:
1. Insulin lowers blood glucose, it does not raise it.
2. The other pairs are correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin: hypoglycaemic.
2. Myxoedema: swollen face.
Assertion (A): Hypothalamus having osmoregulatory center.
Reason (R): ADH from supra optic nuclei of hypothalamus controls concentration of water.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Both statements are true. The hypothalamus contains the osmoreceptor centre.
2. ADH made in the supraoptic nuclei controls body water, so R explains A.
Teacher's Note:
1. Osmoregulation is hypothalamic.
2. ADH conserves water.
Assertion (A): Assetion: Vasopressin is a neurohormone
Reason (R): Vasopressin is synthesized by pars nervosa of pituitary gland
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Vasopressin is a neurohormone, so A is true.
2. It is synthesised in the hypothalamus, not by the posterior pituitary, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Pars nervosa stores it.
2. Hypothalamus makes it.
Assertion (A): Pituitary gland is ectodermal in origin
Reason (R): Both parts of pituitary develop from nervous tissue
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. The pituitary is ectodermal in origin, so A is true.
2. Only the neurohypophysis is from nervous tissue; the adenohypophysis comes from Rathke's pouch, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Two origins of pituitary.
2. Both are ectodermal.
Assertion (A): Insulin act as a antidiabetogenic hormone.
Reason (R): Deficiency of Insulin produce polyuria condition.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Insulin lowers blood sugar (antidiabetogenic) and its deficiency causes polyuria; both true.
2. Polyuria is a symptom, not the explanation of the antidiabetic role.
Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin deficiency: glycosuria and polyuria.
2. Polyuria is due to osmotic effect.
Assertion (A): Pineal gland found on the epithalamus of Diencephalon.
Reason (R): It is a type of exocrine gland which is active in later age of life.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. The pineal gland lies on the epithalamus of the diencephalon, so A is true.
2. It is an endocrine, not exocrine, gland, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Pineal: melatonin.
2. It is more active in childhood.
Assertion (A): Pancrease is heterocrine gland.
Reason (R): Pancrease secretes both protein & steroid hormones.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. The pancreas is heterocrine (endocrine and exocrine), so A is true.
2. It secretes protein hormones only (insulin, glucagon) and no steroids, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Heterocrine gland.
2. Pancreas hormones are peptides.
Assertion (A): Two pituitary hormones of the mother take part in feeding the infant on milk.
Reason (R): Prolactin from anterior pituitary stimulates mammary glands for the formation of milk, and oxytocin from the post pituitary causes the release of milk when the infant sucks breast.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Prolactin (anterior pituitary) forms milk and oxytocin (posterior pituitary) ejects it, so both are true.
2. R explains A.
Teacher's Note:
1. Prolactin: milk synthesis.
2. Oxytocin: milk ejection.
Assertion (A): Vasopressin is also called as antidiuretic hormone
Reason (R): Vasopressin reduces the loss of water in the urine by increasing water reabsorption in the nephrons.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Vasopressin is the antidiuretic hormone.
2. It reduces water loss by increasing nephron reabsorption, so R explains A.
Teacher's Note:
1. ADH: antidiuretic.
2. Posterior pituitary releases it.
Assertion (A): Aldosterone is known as salt retaining hormone.
Reason (R): It reduces Na reabsorption from urine to increase its loss from the body.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Aldosterone is the salt retaining hormone, so A is true.
2. It increases Na+ reabsorption and does not reduce it, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aldosterone: Na+ retention.
2. K+ excretion.
Assertion (A): Catecholamines (adrenaline) are emergency hormones.
Reason (R): Catecholamines are released from adrenal cortex
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Catecholamines are emergency hormones, so A is true.
2. They are released from the adrenal medulla, not the cortex, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Medulla: adrenaline.
2. Cortex: steroids.
Assertion (A): Thyrocalcitonin & Parathormone have antagonistic effect on blood calcium level.
Reason (R): Thyrocalcitonin lower the blood calcium level and parathormone raises the blood calcium level by removal of calcium from bone and reabsorption of calcium from nephrons.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Thyrocalcitonin lowers and parathormone raises blood calcium, so they are antagonistic.
2. R describes the opposite actions, so it explains A.
Teacher's Note:
1. PTH raises Ca2+.
2. TCT lowers Ca2+.
Assertion (A): A woman usually does not conceive during the lactation period.
Reason (R): The hormone "Prolactin" stimulate the growth of milk glands during pregnancy.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Prolactin during lactation suppresses ovulation, so A is true.
2. R is also true (prolactin stimulates mammary growth) but it does not explain A.
Teacher's Note:
1. Lactational amenorrhoea.
2. Natural spacing.
Assertion (A): Endocrine glands are called glands of internal secretion.
Reason (R): They are ductless and release their hormones in the blood.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Endocrine glands release secretions directly into blood, so they are called glands of internal secretion.
2. R gives the reason.
Teacher's Note:
1. Ductless glands.
2. Exocrine uses ducts.
Assertion (A): STH helps in growth.
Reason (R): STH promotes protein anabolism.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. STH promotes growth.
2. It promotes protein anabolism, which explains its growth effect.
Teacher's Note:
1. GH: protein synthesis.
2. Also raises blood glucose.
Assertion (A): PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone which increases blood Ca++ levels.
Reason (R): PTH acts on bones and stimulates reabsorption of bone or demineralisation. PTH also stimulate reabsorption of Ca++ by renal tubules.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. PTH raises blood calcium by bone resorption.
2. R explains how, including reabsorption by renal tubules.
Teacher's Note:
1. PTH: hypercalcaemic.
2. Acts on bone and kidney.
Assertion (A): Decreased secretion of growth hormone by anterior pituitary result in stunted growth.
Reason (R): Deficiency of I2 results in deficiency of thyroxine.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Low GH causes stunted growth (pituitary dwarfism), so A is true.
2. Iodine deficiency lowers thyroxine, so R is also true, but it does not explain A.
Teacher's Note:
1. GH deficiency: dwarfism.
2. Iodine: thyroid.
Assertion (A): Testis functions as an endocrine organ.
Reason (R): Testis releases andro gen and epinephrine.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. The testis is an endocrine organ secreting androgens, so A is true.
2. It does not secrete epinephrine, so R is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Leydig cells: testosterone.
2. Epinephrine is adrenal.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration
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FAQs
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