NEET Biology Cell The Unit of Life MCQs Set 31

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: .............was a German scientist, who observed that all plant tissues are made up of cells. At the same time..........., British scientist studied different type of animal cells.
(a) Rudolf Virchow and Nageli respectively
(b) Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann respectively
(c) Theodore Schwann and Mathias Schleiden respectively
(d) Robert Hooke and Schleiden respectively
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann respectively

Explanation:
1. Schleiden, a German botanist, studied plants and Schwann, a British zoologist, studied animal cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 2: Main arena of cellular activities in both plant and animal cells is :-
(a) Nucleus
(b) Cell organelles
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Centriole
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cytoplasm

Explanation:
1. The cytoplasm is the main arena of cellular activities.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 3: An improved model of the structure of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in.... , widely accepted as.....
(a) 1959, Fluid mosaic model
(b) 1900, Lipoidal model
(c) 1938, Unit membrane model
(d) 1972, Fluid mosaic model
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1972, Fluid mosaic model

Explanation:
1. Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic model in 1972, now widely accepted.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 4: According to fluid-mosaic model, the quasi-fluid nature of............enables lateral movement of..............within the overall bilayer. This ability to move within the membrane is measured as its... (i) Carbohydrates (ii) Lipids (iii) Proteins (iv) Fluidity (v) Selective permeability Correct sequence is :-
(a) ii, iii, iv
(b) iii, i, iv
(c) iii, ii, v
(d) i, ii, iv
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ii, iii, iv

Explanation:
1. The quasi-fluid nature of lipids allows lateral movement of proteins, measured as fluidity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 5: The fluid nature of the membrane is also important from the point of view of functions like :- (i) Cell growth (ii) Formation of intercellular junctions (iii) Secretions (iv) Endocytosis (v) Cell division
(a) i, iii, iv only
(b) ii, iii, v only
(c) i, iii, iv, v only
(d) i, ii, iii, iv, v
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) i, ii, iii, iv, v

Explanation:
1. Fluidity is important for cell growth, formation of junctions, secretion, endocytosis and cell division.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 6: Na+/K+ pump is an example of :-
(a) Passive transport
(b) Osmosis
(c) Active transport
(d) Simple diffusion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Active transport

Explanation:
1. The Na+/K+ pump moves ions against their gradient using ATP, so it is active transport.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 7: Mitochondria :- (a) are easily visible under the microscope (without specifically stained) (b) are typically sausage-shaped or cylindrical (c) are double membrane bound structures (d) have two aqueous compartments
(a) a, d correct and b, c incorrect
(b) a, b correct and c,d incorrect
(c) a incorrect and b, c, d correct
(d) a, d incorrect and b, c correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a incorrect and b, c, d correct

Explanation:
1. Mitochondria are not visible without staining; they are sausage shaped, double membrane bound and have two compartments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 8: Inner mitochondrial membrane forms infoldings called :-
(a) Thylakoid
(b) Cisternae
(c) Oxysomes
(d) Cristae
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cristae

Explanation:
1. The inner mitochondrial membrane forms infoldings called cristae.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 9: The number of mitochondria per cell is variable, depending on :-
(a) Size of cells
(b) Shape of cells
(c) Physiological activity of cells
(d) Type of genes present in mt DNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Physiological activity of cells

Explanation:
1. The number of mitochondria depends on the physiological activity of the cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 10: Diameter of Golgi cisternae is :-
(a) 0.5 µm – 1.0 µm
(b) 0.2 – 1.0 µm
(c) 1.0 – 4.1 µm
(d) 10 – 50 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 0.5 µm – 1.0 µm

Explanation:
1. Golgi cisternae are 0.5 to 1.0 micrometre in diameter.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 11: A Golgi complex has :-
(a) Fixed number of cisternae
(b) Varied number of cisternae
(c) One cisterna in higher plants
(d) Convex trans face and concave cis face cisternae
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Varied number of cisternae

Explanation:
1. The number of Golgi cisternae varies from cell to cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 12: Membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus and filled with hydrolytic enzymes, are called :-
(a) Vacuoles
(b) Transitional vesicles
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Centrosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Lysosomes

Explanation:
1. Golgi packaged vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes are lysosomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 13: (a) Granular structure (b) First observed under the electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade (c) Composed of RNA and proteins (d) Not surrounded by any membrane Above given all statements are true for which cell organelle ?
(a) Nucleolus
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Cristae
(d) Chloroplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ribosomes

Explanation:
1. Ribosomes are granular, RNA and protein particles with no membrane, first seen by Palade.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 14: Eukaryotes have 80S, while prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes in cytoplasm. Here "S" explains :- (a) Sedimentation coefficient (b) Measure of density (c) Measure of size
(a) a only
(b) a and b only
(c) b and c only
(d) a, b and c
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a, b and c

Explanation:
1. S is the Svedberg unit, the sedimentation coefficient, which indirectly reflects density and size.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 15: Find the incorrect statements regarding centrosome and centrioles:
(a) Centrosomes are surrounded by amorphous pericentriolar material
(b) In a centrosome, both centrioles lie parallel to each other and each has a cartwheel organisation
(c) Centrioles are made up of nine unevenly spaced peripheral fibrils of tubulin
(d) The hub is the central proteinaceous part of a centriole
(e) Proteinaceous radial spokes connect the hub to the peripheral triplets
(a) a,b, e
(b) only b
(c) b, c
(d) All are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) b, c

Explanation:
1. The two centrioles lie perpendicular to each other and the nine peripheral fibrils are evenly spaced, so b and c are incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 16: Interphase nucleus has a loose and indistinct network of nucleoprotein fibres called chromatin, but during different stages of cell division, cells show "structured chromosomes" in place of the:-
(a) Nucleus
(b) Nucleosome
(c) Solenoid
(d) Plasmosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Nucleus

Explanation:
1. Chromatin condenses into structured chromosomes during division in place of the interphase nucleus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 17: Nucleus as a "cell organelle" was first described by.....as early as........
(a) Robert Hooke, 1665
(b) Robert Brown, 1831
(c) Flemming, 1931
(d) Strasburger, 1831
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Robert Brown, 1831

Explanation:
1. Robert Brown described the nucleus in 1831.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 18: Term "chromatin" was given by Flemming, after staining of nucleus with.....dyes :-
(a) Acidic
(b) Basic
(c) Neutral
(d) Both (2) and (3)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Basic

Explanation:
1. Flemming named chromatin because it stained with basic dyes.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 19: Space between parallel nuclear membranes is called perinuclear space which is :-
(a) 10–50 nm
(b) 0.1 – 0.4 mm
(c) 10 – 50 Å
(d) 1 – 4 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 10–50 nm

Explanation:
1. The perinuclear space between the two nuclear membranes is about 10 to 50 nm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

Question 20: A single human cell has approximately.....long th read of DNA dis trib uted among its....chromosomes:-
(a) 2 cm, 46
(b) 2 metre, 46
(c) 2 cm, 23
(d) 2 metre, 23
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2 metre, 46

Explanation:
1. A single human cell has about 2 metres of DNA distributed over its 46 chromosomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 21: Important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipid is :-
(a) Vacuole
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Plastid
(d) Lysosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:
1. The Golgi apparatus is the important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Teacher's Note:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, lysosomes and vacuoles; mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of it.
2. Chromosomes are classified by the position of the centromere.

Question 22: Basic unit of life is :-
(a) Cell
(b) Tissue
(c) Organ
(d) Organ system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cell

Explanation:
1. The cell is the basic unit of life.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson) explains the membrane: lipids give fluidity, proteins float in the bilayer.
2. Polar solutes need carrier proteins; non-polar solutes cross the bilayer directly.

Question 23: The physio-chemical approach to study and understand living organisms is called -
(a) Physiochemical biology
(b) Reductionist biology
(c) Fundamental biology
(d) Biochemical biology
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Reductionist biology

Explanation:
1. Studying life by physico-chemical methods is reductionist biology.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed it, and Virchow completed it by stating that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Link each organelle with one structural clue and one function.

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