NEET Biology Cell The Unit of Life MCQs Set 24

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Cell The Unit of Life

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following cell organelle is known as powerhouse of the cell?
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) ER
(c) Lysosome
(d) Mitochondrion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mitochondrion

Explanation:
1. Cell organelle known as power house of the cell is Mitochondrion.

Question 2: The type of ribosomes found inside the mitochondria is
(a) 90S
(b) 60S
(c) 80S
(d) 70S
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Answer: (d) 70S

Explanation:
1. Mitochondrial ribosomes (70S) are smaller in size than cytosotic ribosomes.

Question 3: The plastids which store proteins are
(a) Aleuroplasts
(b) Elaioplasts
(c) Amyloplasts
(d) Chromoplasts
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Answer: (a) Aleuroplasts

Explanation:
1. Elaioplasts → Plastids which store oil and fats.
2. Amyloplasts → Plastids which store starch.

Question 4: Which type of plastid contains chlorophyll and responsible for photosynthesis?
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Chromoplast
(c) Aleuroplast
(d) Elaioplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Chloroplast

Explanation:
1. This option, Chloroplast, is the one that agrees with the standard NCERT facts for this topic.

Question 5: The orange colour of carrot root is due to the presence of
(a) Aleuroplast
(b) Elaioplast
(c) Chromoplast
(d) Amyloplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Chromoplast

Explanation:
1. Chromoplast contains carotenoids and are coloured.

Question 6: Thylakoids are present in
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Vacuoles
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Ribosomes
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Answer: (c) Chloroplast

Explanation:
1. Thylakoid are sac-like structures containing pigments for photosynthesis.

Question 7: Which of the following statement is incorrect w.r.t. ribosomes?
(a) The type of ribosomes of prokaryotes is 70S
(b) Ribosomes were discovered by George Palade
(c) They are made up of RNA only
(d) Ribosomes are also known as protein factories
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) They are made up of RNA only

Explanation:
1. They are made up of rRNA and ribosomal proteins.

Question 8: Centrosome is an organelle containing two cylindrical structures called
(a) Cristae
(b) Cisternae
(c) Centrioles
(d) Thylakoids
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Answer: (c) Centrioles

Explanation:
1. Centrioles are arranged perpendicularly to each other.

Question 9: What is common in mitochondria, chloroplast and nucleus?
(a) They are double membrane bound organelles
(b) They are single membrane bound organelles
(c) They are included in endomembrane system
(d) They have 80S ribosomes.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) They are double membrane bound organelles

Explanation:
1. Double membrane bound cell organelles.

Question 10: The structure present inside the nucleus responsible for ribosomal unit formation is
(a) Mesosomes
(b) Nucleoplasm
(c) Nucleolus
(d) DNA
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Answer: (c) Nucleolus

Explanation:
1. Mesosomes → DNA replication, respiration, cell division etc.
2. Nucleoplasm → Matrix of nucleus DNA → Genetic material.

Question 11: An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structure present in the cytoplasm which helps in the maintenance of cell shape is called
(a) Thylakoid
(b) Endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Plasmalemma
(d) Cytoskeleton
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cytoskeleton

Explanation:
1. Thylakoid → sac-like structure present inside chloroplast.
2. ER → Responsible for helping protein synthesis Plasmalemma → Plasma membrane.

Question 12: Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. mitochondria
(a) They divide by fission
(b) The matrix possesses single circular DNA
(c) The cristae decrease the surface area
(d) They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The cristae decrease the surface area

Explanation:
1. Cristae increase surface area for enzymatic activities.

Question 13: The chromosomes having centromere at terminal end are called
(a) Sub-metacentric
(b) Metacentric
(c) Telocentric
(d) Acrocentric
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Telocentric

Explanation:
1. Centromere Telocentric → Chromatids Sub-metacentric → Centromere shifted a little towards one end.
2. Metacentric → Centromere in the middle Acrocentric → Centromere near one end.

Question 14: Satellite chromosomes have
(a) Primary constriction only
(b) Secondary constriction only
(c) Tertiary constriction only
(d) Both primary and secondary constriction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both primary and secondary constriction

Explanation:
1. Secondary constriction Primary constriction.

Question 15: Match the column I with column II<br />Column I Column II<br />a. Glyoxysome (i) Plant lysosomes<br />b. Sphaerosome (ii) Glyoxylate cycle<br />c. Mitochondria (iii) Photorespiration<br />d. Peroxisome (iv) Succinate dehydrogenase
(a) a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii)
(b) a(ii), b(i), c(iii), d(iv)
(c) a(iii), b(i), c(iv), d(ii)
(d) a(i), b(ii), c(iv), d(iii)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii)

Explanation:
1. Mitochondria – site of aerobic respiration.
2. Glyoxysome, Sphaerosome and peroxisome – Microbodies.

Question 16: Which of the following organelles show polymorphism?
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Lysosome
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Chloroplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lysosome

Explanation:
1. Lysosomes show polymorphism i.e., change their shape.

Question 17: Which structure is/are considered as semi-autonomous organelle?
(a) Ribosome
(b) Golgi body
(c) Mitochondria and chloroplast
(d) Mitochondria only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mitochondria and chloroplast

Explanation:
1. Mitochondria and chloroplast are semi-autonomous organelle as they have circular DNA and 70S ribosome.

Question 18: Diagrammatic representation of karyotype of a species is called
(a) Cladogram
(b) Dendogram
(c) Idiogram
(d) More than one option is correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Idiogram

Explanation:
1. Photograph or diagrammatic representation of karyotype of a species is called Idiogram.

Question 19: Incorrect statement in relation to nucleolus is
(a) It is a spherical structure
(b) It is separated from nucleoplasm by nuclear envelope
(c) It is the site of rRNA synthesis
(d) They are larger and more numerous in cells actively engaged in protein synthesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It is separated from nucleoplasm by nuclear envelope

Explanation:
1. It is not membrane bound.

Question 20: Microfilaments perform all the following functions, except
(a) Provide support to plasma membrane
(b) Involved in cyclosis
(c) Help in cell plate method during cell division
(d) Help in pseudopodia formation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Help in cell plate method during cell division

Explanation:
1. It is done by a small fragment of Golgi body or ER which is known as phragmoplasts.

Question 21: Mark the mis-matched pair
(a) Peroxisomal – Catalase
(b) Ribosomes – Palade particles
(c) Glyoxylate enzymes – Plants and animals
(d) Lysosomes – Hydrolytic enzymes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Glyoxylate enzymes – Plants and animals

Explanation:
1. This option, Glyoxylate enzymes – Plants and animals, is the one that agrees with the standard NCERT facts for this topic.

Question 22: The function of polysome in bacterial cell is to
(a) Translate the mRNA into protein
(b) Store reserve food materials
(c) Synthesize pigments
(d) Help in buoyancy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Translate the mRNA into protein

Explanation:
1. Four to six ribosomes attached to single mRNA is called polysome.

Question 23: Plasma membrane is
(a) Semipermeable and symmetric
(b) Selectively permeable, elastic and asymmetric
(c) Permeable and asymmetric
(d) Selective permeable with monolayer phospholipids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Selectively permeable, elastic and asymmetric

Explanation:
1. Plasma membrane selects whether to allow and what to allow asymmetric as its composition differs in different cell.

Question 24: Which of the following statement is incorrect about golgi apparatus?
(a) It helps in recycling of the plasma membrane, pinched off by pinocytosis and phagocytosis
(b) Secretion is the main function of the golgi complex
(c) It helps in glycosidation and glycosylation of lipids and proteins
(d) Golgi body helps in animal cytokinesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Golgi body helps in animal cytokinesis

Explanation:
1. Golgi apparatus helps in plant cytokinesis by initiating cell plate formation and it is known as phragmoplast.

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