NEET Biology Cell Cycle and Cell Division MCQs Set 13

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Prophase–I of meiotic division is typically longer and more complex, it is subdivided into five phases, on the basis of :-
(a) Staining
(b) Behaviour of chromosomes
(c) Duration
(d) Number of chromosomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Behaviour of chromosomes

Explanation:
1. Prophase I is divided into five substages on the basis of chromosome behaviour.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 2: Interkinesis is stage between :-
(a) Two mitotic divisions
(b) Two phases of meiotic divisions
(c) Anaphase and telophase
(d) Leptotene and zygotene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Two phases of meiotic divisions

Explanation:
1. Interkinesis is the short stage between meiosis I and meiosis II.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 3: In which phase of mitosis, chromosomes loose their individuality ?
(a) Prophase
(b) Metaphase
(c) Anaphase
(d) Telophase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Telophase

Explanation:
1. Chromosomes lose their individuality in telophase when they decondense and cluster at the poles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 4: It is significant to note that in the 24 hour average duration of cell cycle of human cell, cell division proper lasts for only about :-
(a) Four hours
(b) 90 minutes
(c) An hour
(d) 10 hours
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) An hour

Explanation:
1. Cell division proper (M phase) lasts only about an hour in a 24 hour human cell cycle.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 5: In which stage of mitotic division, cells do not show Golgicomplex, ER, nucleo lus and nuclear envelope ?
(a) Metaphase
(b) Late prophase
(c) Anaphase
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. Golgi complex, ER, nucleolus and nuclear envelope are absent in late prophase, metaphase and anaphase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 6: Karyotype of chromosomes is prepared at :-
(a) Prophase
(b) Interphase
(c) Metaphase
(d) Anaphase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Metaphase

Explanation:
1. Chromosomes are most condensed and clearly visible at metaphase, so karyotypes are made then.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 7: X-shaped structures (chiasmata) occur during which phase of meiotic division?
(a) Prophase I
(b) Metaphase I
(c) Anaphase II
(d) Telophase I Q. No. 12 to 17 are based on given figure : Cy tok A Telo ines phas is D Anaphasee Metaphase phas e B Telo C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Prophase I

Explanation:
1. Chiasmata, the X-shaped sites of crossing over, are seen in prophase I.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 8: Chiasmata appear in which stage?
(a) Leptotene
(b) Zygotene
(c) Pachytene
(d) Diplotene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Diplotene

Explanation:
1. Chiasmata become visible in the diplotene stage.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 9: Which phase is marked by terminalization of chiasmata?
(a) Diakinesis
(b) Pachytene
(c) Diplotene
(d) Zygotene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Diakinesis

Explanation:
1. Terminalisation of chiasmata is completed in diakinesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 10: Dissolution of synaptonemal complex is started and chiasmata are first seen during?
(a) Pachytene
(b) Diplotene
(c) Diakinesis
(d) Zygotene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Diplotene

Explanation:
1. The synaptonemal complex dissolves and chiasmata are first seen in diplotene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 11: Crossing over occurs during :-
(a) Pachytene
(b) Diplotene
(c) Diakinesis
(d) Zygotene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pachytene

Explanation:
1. Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologues in pachytene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 12: 'Dyad of cell' form after :
(a) Anaphase-I
(b) Telophase-I
(c) Telophase-II
(d) Anaphase-II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Telophase-I

Explanation:
1. A dyad (two cells) forms after telophase I.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 13: In human being which cell(s) do/does not show division? (a) Heart cell (b) Muscle cell (c) Nerve cell
(a) only a
(b) only a and b
(c) only a and c
(d) a, b and c
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a, b and c

Explanation:
1. Heart, skeletal muscle and nerve cells do not divide in adult humans.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 14: Cell cycle involves -
(a) Duplication of genome
(b) Synthesis of cell constituents
(c) Division of cell
(d) All the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All the above

Explanation:
1. The cell cycle includes genome duplication, synthesis of cell constituents and division.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 15: Regarding to cell cycle which of the following statement is wrong ?
(a) Cytoplasm increase is a continuous process
(b) DNA synthesis occurs only during one specific stage
(c) replicated chromosomes distributed to daughter nuclei by complex series of events
(d) events for replicated chromosomes distribution are not under genetic control
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) events for replicated chromosomes distribution are not under genetic control

Explanation:
1. Distribution of replicated chromosomes is under genetic control, so the statement is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 16: Which of the following phase corresponds to interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication ?
(a) G1 phase
(b) G2 phase
(c) S - phase
(d) M - phase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) G1 phase

Explanation:
1. G1 is the interval between mitosis and the start of DNA replication.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 17: If there are 16 chromosomes in each root cell of onion, then what will be th e number of chromoso me in G 1 phase and G 2 phase respectively -
(a) 32 & 16
(b) 16 & 32
(c) 16 & 16
(d) 32 & 32
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 16 & 16

Explanation:
1. The chromosome number is 16 in both G1 and G2; only the DNA content doubles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 18: The most dramatic period of cycle, involving a major reorganisation of virtually all components of cell is -
(a) G1
(b) S
(c) G2
(d) M
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) M

Explanation:
1. M phase reorganises almost all components of the cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 19: Chromatin condensation and movement of duplicated centriole towards opposite pole can be observed during-
(a) Prophase
(b) Metaphase
(c) Anaphase
(d) Telophase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Prophase

Explanation:
1. Chromatin condensation and movement of duplicated centrioles to the poles occur in prophase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 20: Which of the following organelles or components can be observed in cell even after completion of prophase?
(a) Golgi complex
(b) Endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Nucleolus
(d) Mitochondria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mitochondria

Explanation:
1. Mitochondria stay intact throughout division.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 21: During poleward movement of chromosomes in anaphase centromere (kinetochore) of each daughter chromosome facing towards -
(a) Pole
(b) Equatorial plate
(c) Lateral
(d) It is random , sometimes towards pole and sometimes towards equatorial plate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pole

Explanation:
1. Kinetochores face the poles as the daughter chromosomes move poleward.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 22: Match the following:
(a) Prophase: (I) Decondensation of chromosomes
(b) Metaphase: (II) Division of centromere
(c) Anaphase: (III) Attachment of spindle fibres to kinetochores
(d) Telophase: (IV) Initiation of assembly of mitotic spindle
(a) a-IV, b-III, c-I, d-II
(b) a-IV, b-III, c-II, d-I
(c) a-III, b-IV, c-II, d-I
(d) a-III, b-IV, c-I, d-II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a-IV, b-III, c-II, d-I

Explanation:
1. Prophase starts spindle assembly, metaphase has fibre attachment to kinetochores, anaphase has centromere division and telophase has decondensation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 23: Precursor of cell wall is -
(a) Cell membrane
(b) Cell fragments
(c) Cell Plate
(d) Nuclear membrane
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cell Plate

Explanation:
1. The cell plate is the precursor of the new cell wall in plant cytokinesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 24: Which of the following is not a significance of mitosis
(a) Maintenance of identical genetic complement
(b) Cell repair
(c) Restore nucleo cytoplasmic ratio
(d) Genetic variability
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Genetic variability

Explanation:
1. Mitosis gives genetically identical cells, so genetic variability is not its significance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 25: Meiosis ensures the production of ........... phase in life cycle of sexually reproducing organism, where as fertilisation restores ......... phase.
(a) diploid, haploid
(b) haploid, triploid
(c) diploid, triploid
(d) haploid, diploid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) haploid, diploid

Explanation:
1. Meiosis gives the haploid phase and fertilisation restores the diploid phase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 26: Meiosis involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division called meiosis - I & meiosis - II, but how many cycles of DNA replication can be seen during this type of division ?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) One

Explanation:
1. Only one DNA replication occurs, before meiosis I.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prophase I of meiosis has five substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
2. Synapsis occurs in zygotene, crossing over in pachytene and terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene to diakinesis.

Question 27: Regarding key features of meiosis select out the wrong one -
(a) Meiosis involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division called meiosis- I & meiosis- II
(b) Meiosi s is ini tiat ed after th e parent al chromosomes have replicated to produce identical sister chromatids at the S - Phase
(c) Meiosis involves pairing of homologous chromosomes and recombination between non homologous chromosome
(d) Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis-II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Meiosis involves pairing of homologous chromosomes and recombination between non homologous chromosome

Explanation:
1. Recombination occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, not between non-homologous chromosomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 28: Match the following:
(a) Metaphase I: (I) Splitting of the centromere of each chromosome
(b) Anaphase I: (II) Separation of homologous chromosomes
(c) Telophase I: (III) Alignment of bivalents on the equatorial plate
(d) Anaphase II: (IV) Appearance of a diad of cells
(a) III, II, IV, I
(b) II, III, IV, I
(c) IV, III, II, I
(d) I, II, III, IV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) III, II, IV, I

Explanation:
1. Bivalents align in metaphase I, homologues separate in anaphase I, a diad forms after telophase I and centromeres split in anaphase II.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

Question 29: Which of the following is not a significance of meiosis ?
(a) Helps in conservation of specific chromosome number in each species
(b) Increase in genetic variability
(c) Helps in evolution and adaptation
(d) Helps in growth of organism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Helps in growth of organism

Explanation:
1. Meiosis does not cause growth of the organism; mitosis does.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cell cycle phases: G1, S (DNA replication), G2 and M. Interphase is the longest phase and is not a resting stage.
2. Mitosis is equational and keeps the chromosome number; meiosis is reductional and halves it.

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