NEET Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQs Set 17

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the alveolar air compared to those in the atmospheric air?
(a) pO2 lesser, pCO2 higher
(b) pO2 higher, pCO2 lesser
(c) pO2 higher, pCO2 higher
(d) pO2 lesser, pCO2 lesser
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) pO2 lesser, pCO2 higher

Explanation:
1. Alveolar air has pO2 of about 104 mm Hg against 159 mm Hg in the atmosphere.

Teacher's Note:
1. Its pCO2 is about 40 mm Hg against 0.3 mm Hg in the atmosphere, because CO2 diffuses in from the blood.

Question 2: Match: A Tracheal tubes, B Gills, C Moist skin, D Book lungs with I Arachnida, II Frog, III Cockroach, IV Fishes.
(a) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(b) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(c) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(d) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Explanation:
1. Cockroach breathes by tracheae, fishes by gills, frog also through the moist skin, and arachnids (scorpion) by book lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 3: Which of the following statements are incorrect? (a) Flatworms exchange oxygen with carbon dioxide by simple diffusion over their entire body surface. (b) Larynx is a bony box which helps in sound production. (c) Epiglottis is made up of collagen fibrous connective tissue. (d) In birds the larynx is a sound producing organ.
(a) a, b, c
(b) a, c, d
(c) b, c, d
(d) a, b, d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) b, c, d

Explanation:
1. The larynx is a cartilaginous box, and the epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage.

Teacher's Note:
1. In birds the sound producing organ is the syrinx. Statement a is correct.

Question 4: What is the function of pleural fluid?
(a) Reduces friction on the lung surface
(b) Protection from external shocks
(c) Provides moisture
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. The pleural fluid between the two pleural layers lubricates the lung surface, cushions it against shocks and keeps it moist.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 5: Which of the following parts of the respiratory system is not a part of the conducting zone?
(a) External nostrils to terminal bronchioles
(b) Alveoli and their ducts
(c) Larynx to primary bronchi
(d) Primary bronchi to terminal bronchioles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Alveoli and their ducts

Explanation:
1. The conducting part runs from the nostrils to the terminal bronchioles.

Teacher's Note:
1. The alveoli and their ducts form the respiratory (exchange) zone.

Question 6: Expiration can occur if: (a) intrapulmonary pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure (b) intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal (c) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure (d) muscles of the diaphragm relax.
(a) a, d
(b) b, c
(c) c, d
(d) a, b
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a, d

Explanation:
1. During expiration the diaphragm relaxes, the thoracic volume decreases, and the intrapulmonary pressure becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure so that air goes out.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lower pressure causes inspiration.

Question 7: Select the correct option for inspiration:
(a) Inspiration is a passive process
(b) During this process the diaphragm and EICM contract
(c) Intrapulmonary pressure is slightly above the atmospheric pressure
(d) Intra-alveolar pressure is slightly more than the atmospheric pressure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) During this process the diaphragm and EICM contract

Explanation:
1. Inspiration is an active process in which the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the thoracic volume.

Teacher's Note:
1. The intrapulmonary pressure then falls below the atmospheric pressure.

Question 8: Which of the respiratory volumes or capacities is correctly matched with its value?
(a) IRV: 3500-4500 ml
(b) ERV + RV: 2100-2300 ml
(c) TV: 1100-1200 ml
(d) TLC: 15000 ml
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) ERV + RV: 2100-2300 ml

Explanation:
1. ERV is about 1000-1100 ml and RV about 1100-1200 ml, so ERV + RV is about 2100-2300 ml (the functional residual capacity).

Teacher's Note:
1. IRV is 2500-3000 ml, TV is about 500 ml, and TLC is about 5000-6000 ml.

Question 9: ____ is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.
(a) Asthma
(b) Emphysema
(c) Asbestosis
(d) Fibrosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Asthma

Explanation:
1. Asthma is caused by inflammation and spasm of the bronchi and bronchioles, which causes wheezing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 10: A chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged is:
(a) Asthma
(b) Emphysema
(c) Pneumonia
(d) Occupational respiratory disorders
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Emphysema

Explanation:
1. In emphysema the alveolar walls are damaged, which reduces the respiratory surface.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cigarette smoking is a major cause.

Question 11: What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) Remains the same
(d) No respiration at all
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Increases

Explanation:
1. At high altitude the pO2 is low, so the breathing rate and RBC production increase to supply oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 12: How many of the following statements are correct? (a) Human beings have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit the demands of the body tissues. (b) The pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. (c) A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO2 and hydrogen ions. (d) The role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.
(a) Only a
(b) Only b
(c) Only a and b
(d) All
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All

Explanation:
1. All four statements are given in the NCERT text on regulation of respiration, so all are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 13: When 1200 ml of air is left in the lungs, it is called:
(a) Tidal volume
(b) Inspiratory reserve volume
(c) Vital capacity
(d) Residual volume
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Residual volume

Explanation:
1. The air that remains in the lungs after a forcible expiration is the residual volume, about 1100-1200 ml.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 14: Asthma is caused due to:
(a) Infection of lungs
(b) Bleeding into the pleural cavity
(c) Infection of the trachea
(d) Spasm of bronchial muscles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Spasm of bronchial muscles

Explanation:
1. Asthma is an allergic condition in which the bronchial muscles go into spasm and the bronchi become inflamed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 15: Oxyhaemoglobin dissociates into oxygen and haemoglobin at tissue level due to:
(a) Low oxygen pressure in tissues
(b) High oxygen pressure in tissues
(c) Equal oxygen pressure inside and outside tissue
(d) All times irrespective of oxygen pressure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Low oxygen pressure in tissues

Explanation:
1. The pO2 is low and pCO2 is high in the tissues, so oxyhaemoglobin releases its oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 16: At the level of which thoracic vertebra does the trachea divide into the right and left primary bronchi?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 9
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 5

Explanation:
1. The trachea divides at about the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra into the right and left primary bronchi.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 17: Which of the following structures is present inside the larynx of the respiratory system?
(a) Glottis
(b) Epiglottis
(c) Vocal cords
(d) Gullet
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vocal cords

Explanation:
1. The vocal cords are folds inside the larynx that produce sound.

Teacher's Note:
1. The gullet is the oesophagus.

Question 18: If a large number of people are enclosed in a room then:
(a) Oxygen decreases and CO2 increases
(b) Oxygen increases and CO2 decreases
(c) Oxygen and CO2 decrease
(d) Oxygen and CO2 increase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Oxygen decreases and CO2 increases

Explanation:
1. People use oxygen and release carbon dioxide, so oxygen falls and CO2 rises in a closed room.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 19: Identify the pulmonary volume or capacity on the basis of the quantity of air present in the lungs: (I) 1100 ml to 1200 ml (II) 500 ml (III) 5000 ml to 6000 ml.
(a) I - Vital capacity, II - Functional residual capacity, III - Residual volume
(b) I - Residual volume, II - Tidal volume, III - Total lung capacity
(c) I - Expiratory capacity, II - Inspiratory capacity, III - Residual volume
(d) I - Tidal volume, II - Inspiratory reserve volume, III - Expiratory reserve volume
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) I - Residual volume, II - Tidal volume, III - Total lung capacity

Explanation:
1. Residual volume is about 1100-1200 ml, tidal volume is about 500 ml, and total lung capacity is 5000-6000 ml.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 20: How many layers are present in the diffusion membrane of the alveolar capillary?
(a) 5
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3

Explanation:
1. The diffusion membrane has three layers: the thin squamous epithelium of the alveoli, the endothelium of the alveolar capillaries and the basement substance between them.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 21: Shifting of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right takes place in case of:
(a) Rise in pCO2
(b) Fall in pH
(c) Rise in temperature
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. A high pCO2, low pH (more H+) and high temperature lower the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen, so the curve shifts to the right.

Teacher's Note:
1. This favours release of O2 in active tissues.

Question 22: How much carbon dioxide is transported by plasma in the dissolved form?
(a) 75% to 78%
(b) 5% to 7%
(c) 20% to 25%
(d) 93%
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 5% to 7%

Explanation:
1. About 7% of CO2 is carried in the dissolved state in plasma.

Teacher's Note:
1. About 20-25% is carried as carbamino-haemoglobin and about 70% as bicarbonate.

Question 23: With reference to human respiration, which is correct? (a) pulmonary ventilation is equal to alveolar ventilation (b) alveolar ventilation is less than pulmonary ventilation (c) alveolar ventilation is more than pulmonary ventilation (d) pulmonary ventilation is less than alveolar ventilation
(a) Only b
(b) a and b
(c) b, c and d
(d) a, c and d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Only b

Explanation:
1. Part of the inspired air fills the dead space and never reaches the alveoli, so alveolar ventilation is less than pulmonary ventilation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 24: Statements: (A) O2 can bind with haemoglobin in a reversible manner to form oxyhaemoglobin. (B) Each haemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of four molecules of O2. (C) Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is primarily related to the partial pressure of O2. (D) About 97 percent of O2 is transported by RBCs in the blood. How many are correct?
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Three
(d) One
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Four

Explanation:
1. All four statements are correct: each Hb has four haem groups, binding is reversible and depends on pO2, and about 97% of O2 is carried by RBCs and about 3% is dissolved in plasma.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 25: Which of the following detect the levels of CO2 and hydrogen ions in blood?
(a) Carotid bodies and aortic body
(b) Carotid labyrinth and chemosensitive region near the respiratory centre
(c) Respiratory rhythm centre in the medulla
(d) Chemosensitive region near the respiratory centre only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Carotid bodies and aortic body

Explanation:
1. The carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect changes in CO2 and H+ concentration and send signals to the rhythm centre.

Teacher's Note:
1. The chemosensitive area in the medulla also responds, but of the options only the first lists receptors in the blood vessels.

Question 26: Which of the following statements is wrong for respiration?
(a) Breathing is a process in which atmospheric air enters the body and CO2 is removed
(b) Gaseous exchange takes place through the alveolar surface
(c) Transport of gases takes place through blood
(d) Cells utilise N2 and release CO2 for anabolic processes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cells utilise N2 and release CO2 for anabolic processes

Explanation:
1. Cells use O2 to break down food and release CO2, and they do not use nitrogen gas in respiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other statements describe breathing, gas exchange and transport correctly.

Question 27: Identify the wrong differences between inspiration and expiration: (a) EICM: contract in inspiration, relax in expiration (b) size of thoracic cavity: decreases in inspiration, increases in expiration (c) shape of diaphragm: dome shaped in inspiration, flat in expiration (d) movement of air: atmosphere to lungs in inspiration, lungs to atmosphere in expiration.
(a) a, b
(b) b, c
(c) b, d
(d) c, d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) b, c

Explanation:
1. During inspiration the thoracic cavity increases and the diaphragm becomes flat, whereas in expiration the thoracic cavity decreases and the diaphragm becomes dome shaped.

Teacher's Note:
1. So b and c are wrong.

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