NEET Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQs Set 06

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Respiratory organs in aquatic arthropods like cray fish, prawn and molluscs like Unio are
(a) Body wall
(b) Lungs
(c) Trachea
(d) Gills
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Gills

Explanation:
1. Aquatic arthropods (Crustacean) respire through gills.

Question 2: Which of the following has most well-developed respiratory system?
(a) Mammals
(b) Invertebrates
(c) Amphibians
(d) Hemichordates
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Answer: (a) Mammals

Explanation:
1. The respiratory system is well developed in the vertebrates as they have more complex body.
2. In between amphibians and mammals, the mammals have more well-developed respiratory organ i.e., lungs.

Question 3: Which structure in human respiratory system is involved in conditioning of air?
(a) Internal nares
(b) Nasal chamber
(c) Larynx
(d) Trachea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Nasal chamber

Explanation:
1. (1) Mucus from goblet cells and glands make the surface sticky for trapping dust particles present in inspired air. (2) Moisture from the epithilium also makes the air humid. (3) It brings the temperature of the incoming air, upto the body temperature.

Question 4: A thin-elastic cartilaginous flap which prevents the entry of food into the larynx is known as
(a) Glottis
(b) Wind pipe
(c) Epiglottis
(d) Bronchiole
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Epiglottis

Explanation:
1. Epiglottis covers the glottis during swallowing of food.

Question 5: At which level of thoracic vertebra, trachea divides
(a) 2nd thoracic vertebra
(b) 5th thoracic vertebra
(c) 3rd thoracic vertebra
(d) 4th thoracic vertebra
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 5th thoracic vertebra

Explanation:
1. The trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra.

Question 6: Trachea divides into right and left
(a) Secondary bronchi
(b) Tertiary bronchi
(c) Bronchioles
(d) Primary bronchi
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Answer: (d) Primary bronchi

Explanation:
1. The trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra.

Question 7: Which membrane covers the lungs and provide protection?
(a) Pericardium
(b) Renal capsule
(c) Pleura
(d) Epineurium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Pleura

Explanation:
1. Pericardium : Covers heart Renal capsule : Covers kidney Pleura : Lungs Epineurium : Covers nerve trunk.

Question 8: Where are lungs situated in human body?
(a) Abdominal cavity
(b) Thoracic cavity
(c) Coelomic cavity
(d) Pleural cavity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Thoracic cavity

Explanation:
1. A pair of lungs are present in humans, lie in an air-tight chamber known as thoracic cavity or chest cavity.

Question 9: Which of the following volume is not included in vital capacity
(a) ERV
(b) TV
(c) IRV
(d) RV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) RV

Explanation:
1. This is so because VC = ERV + TV + IRV or VC = ERV + IC Here, RV = Residual volume IRV = Inspiratory reserve volume VC = Vital capacity IC = Inspiratory capacity ERV = Expiratory reserve volume TV = Tidal volume.

Question 10: What is the last step involved in respiration?
(a) Diffusion of gases
(b) Breathing
(c) Utilisation of O2 by body cells and resultant release of CO2
(d) Transport of gases
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Answer: (c) Utilisation of O2 by body cells and resultant release of CO2

Explanation:
1. Steps involve in respiration : (1) Breathing (2) Diffusion of gases between alveoli and blood (3) Transport of gases (4) Diffusion of gases between blood and tissue (5) Utilisation of O2 by body cell.

Question 11: Which muscles help us to increase the strength of inspiration and expiration?
(a) Cardiac muscles
(b) Abdominal muscles
(c) Internal intercostal muscles
(d) Both (2) & (3)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (2) & (3)

Explanation:
1. Cardiac muscle i.e., muscle of heart, it do not have any role in inspiration and expiration.
2. Rest two muscles i.e., abdominal and internal intercostal muscle undergo contraction and increase the strength of expiration.

Question 12: What is the value of tidal volume in a normal healthy man?
(a) Approximately 6000–8000 ml/min
(b) 1000–1100 ml/min
(c) 2500–3000 ml/min
(d) Approximately 8000–12000 ml/min
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Approximately 6000–8000 ml/min

Explanation:
1. Minute volume = TV × Breathing rate 500 ml × 12–16 /min ⇒ ∼ 6000 – 8000 ml Minute volume is also known as pulmonary ventilation.

Question 13: The volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forceful expiration is
(a) Tidal volume
(b) Residual volume
(c) Inspiratory reserve volume
(d) Expiratory reserve volume
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Residual volume

Explanation:
1. (1) Tidal volume (500 ml) : It is the volume of air a person can inspired or expired during normal breathing. (3) Inspiratory reserve volume (2500 – 3000 ml) : The additional or extra volume of air, a person can expire by forceful expiration. (4) Expiratory reserve volume (1000 – 1100 ml) : The additional or extra volume of air, a person can expire by forceful expiration.

Question 14: What is the main site of human respiratory system where exchange of gases occurs?
(a) Alveoli
(b) Bronchiole
(c) Primary and secondary bronchi
(d) Trachea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Alveoli

Explanation:
1. The membrane of alveoli is very thin, irregular and richly supplied with blood vessels.
2. Due to very close contact of blood vessels with alveoli, the exchange of gases takes place easily.

Question 15: Partial pressure for oxygen and CO2 is represented as
(a) pO and pCO
(b) pO and pCO
(c) pO2 and pCO2
(d) O2p and CO2p 2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) pO2 and pCO2

Explanation:
1. Gaseous exchange depends on partial pressure of gases.

Question 16: What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in atmospheric air as compared to alveoli?
(a) High pO2 and low pCO2
(b) High pCO2 and low pO2
(c) Both are equal (pCO2 = pO2)
(d) Low pO2 and low pCO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) High pO2 and low pCO2

Explanation:
1. In atmospheric air : pO2 = 159 mmHg pCO2 = 0.3 mmHg In alveoli : pO2 = 104 mmHg pCO2 = 40 mmHg.

Question 17: O2 binds with haemoglobin of RBC to form
(a) Carboxyhaemoglobin
(b) Oxyhaemoglobin
(c) Carbaminohaemoglobin
(d) Aminohaemoglobin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Oxyhaemoglobin

Explanation:
1. In lungs Hb + O2 HbO2 In tissue (Haemoglobin) (Oxygen) (Oxyhaemoglobin) Hb + CO2 HbCO2 (Carbon dioxide) (Carbamino-haemoglobin) Hb + CO HbCO (Carbon monoxide).

Question 18: With which part of Hb, O2 molecules bind?
(a) Haem
(b) Globin
(c) Both haem and globin
(d) Amino group of globin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Haem

Explanation:
1. This is so because haem group contains Fe2+, which has affinity for oxygen. (1).

Question 19: Which factors affect the dissociation of O2 from Hb?
(a) pH, pO2, pCO2 and temperature
(b) Only pH
(c) Salinity, temperature and pCO2
(d) HCO3– ions concentration, pH and salinity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) pH, pO2, pCO2 and temperature

Explanation:
1. Factors responsible for the dissociation of oxygen from Hb which occurs in the body tissues : (a) Low partial pressure of oxygen (c) High partial pressure of carbon dioxide (c) Low pH (d) High temperature.

Question 20: High percentage of CO2 is transported in dissolved form as compared to O2. This is because
(a) O2 has high solubility in plasma
(b) CO2 has high solubility in plasma
(c) pCO2 is high in blood than pO2
(d) CO2 has low solubility in plasma
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CO2 has high solubility in plasma

Explanation:
1. Ratio of CO2 and O2 solubility in plasma is 25 : 1 (CO2 : O2).

Question 21: Which factor in tissues favours the formation of HCO3– and H+ ions in the blood?
(a) Low pCO2
(b) High pO2
(c) High pCO2
(d) High alkalinity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) High pCO2

Explanation:
1. H+ HCO3− Carbonic anhydrase Carbonic anhydrase CO2 + H2 O H2CO3 + 2+ Zn (Carbonic acid) (Hydrogen ion).

Question 22: How much CO2 is delivered to the alveoli by every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood?
(a) 6 ml
(b) 4 ml
(c) 5 ml
(d) 3 ml
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 4 ml

Explanation:
1. About 4 ml CO2 is delivered to the alveoli by every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood.

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