NEET Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQs Set 05

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which is a common passage for food and air?
(a) Trachea
(b) Oesophagus
(c) Pharynx
(d) Glottis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Pharynx

Explanation:
1. Both food and air pass through the pharynx.

Teacher's Note:
1. The epiglottis then guides them correctly.

Question 2: The function of the conducting part of the respiratory system of humans is:
(a) Clears foreign particles
(b) Humidifies atmospheric air
(c) Brings the air to body temperature
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. The conducting part filters, moistens and warms the air.

Teacher's Note:
1. No gas exchange occurs here.

Question 3: Which of the following steps is NOT involved in respiration?
(a) Diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane
(b) Transport of gases by the blood
(c) Providing nutrients to all the living cells of the body
(d) Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Providing nutrients to all the living cells of the body

Explanation:
1. Providing nutrients belongs to digestion and circulation, not respiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. The steps are breathing, diffusion, transport and cellular respiration.

Question 4: Inspiration can occur when:
(a) Pressure within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure
(b) Pressure within the lungs is more than the atmospheric pressure
(c) Pressure within the lungs and atmospheric air is the same
(d) There is no effect of pressure on inspiration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pressure within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure

Explanation:
1. A pressure gradient from the atmosphere to the lungs is needed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Expansion of the thorax lowers intrapulmonary pressure.

Question 5: By the contraction of the diaphragm, the volume of the thoracic chamber increases in the:
(a) Dorso-ventral axis
(b) Antero-posterior axis
(c) Dorso-posterior axis
(d) Antero-ventral axis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Antero-posterior axis

Explanation:
1. The diaphragm flattens and increases the volume along the antero-posterior axis, while the ribs raise the sternum to increase dorso-ventral volume.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both movements enlarge the thoracic cavity.

Question 6: The primary muscle of inspiration is the:
(a) Diaphragm
(b) Intercostal muscle
(c) Abdominal muscle
(d) Oblique muscle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Diaphragm

Explanation:
1. The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration, helped by external intercostals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Normal expiration is passive.

Question 7: The total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration is called:
(a) Vital capacity
(b) Functional residual capacity
(c) Inspiratory capacity
(d) Expiratory capacity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Expiratory capacity

Explanation:
1. Expiratory capacity = TV + ERV.

Teacher's Note:
1. IC = TV + IRV.

Question 8: Which of the following factors can affect the rate of diffusion of gases?
(a) Thickness of the membranes involved in diffusion
(b) Solubility of the gases
(c) Pressure of the gases
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. Diffusion rate depends on pressure gradient, solubility and membrane thickness.

Teacher's Note:
1. These are the factors for Fick's law.

Question 9: What is true about diffusion capacity?
(a) Diffusion capacity of CO2 is much higher than O2
(b) Diffusion capacity of O2 is much higher than CO2
(c) Diffusion capacity of O2 and CO2 is the same
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Diffusion capacity of CO2 is much higher than O2

Explanation:
1. CO2 is 20 to 25 times more soluble than O2 and so diffuses much faster despite a smaller pressure gradient.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hence both gases exchange effectively.

Question 10: Which of the following statements is true?
(a) 20 to 25 percent CO2 is transported by RBCs
(b) 97 percent O2 is transported by RBCs
(c) 70 percent CO2 is carried as bicarbonate
(d) All of these are true
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these are true

Explanation:
1. Each statement is correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the percentages of transport.

Question 11: Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is primarily related to:
(a) Partial pressure of O2
(b) Partial pressure of CO2
(c) H+ ion concentration
(d) Temperature
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Partial pressure of O2

Explanation:
1. The primary factor is the partial pressure of O2, while pCO2, H+ and temperature are modifying factors.

Teacher's Note:
1. The curve is sigmoid because of cooperative binding.

Question 12: In which of the following combinations can factors interfere in the binding of O2 with haemoglobin? A pCO2, B H+ concentration, C temperature.
(a) Only A
(b) B, C
(c) A and C
(d) A, B, C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A, B, C

Explanation:
1. pCO2, H+ concentration and temperature all alter the affinity of Hb for O2.

Teacher's Note:
1. These are the factors shifting the curve.

Question 13: The conditions favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin are:
(a) pO2 up, pCO2 up, H+ up, temperature down
(b) pO2 down, pCO2 up, H+ down, temperature up
(c) pO2 up, pCO2 down, H+ down, temperature down
(d) pO2 up, pCO2 up, H+ down, temperature up
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) pO2 up, pCO2 down, H+ down, temperature down

Explanation:
1. In the lungs, pO2 is high and pCO2, H+ and temperature are low, so Hb binds more O2.

Teacher's Note:
1. The conditions in tissues are the opposite.

Question 14: Which of the following statements are correct? A. A high concentration of carbonic anhydrase is present in RBC. B. Minute quantities of carbonic anhydrase are present in plasma. C. Every 100 mL of blood delivers approximately 4 mL of CO2 to the alveoli. D. 20-25% CO2 is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin.
(a) A, C and D
(b) A and D
(c) A, B, C and D
(d) Only A
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A, B, C and D

Explanation:
1. All four statements are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. CO2 delivered is about 4 mL per 100 mL of blood.

Question 15: Which centre can moderate the function of the respiratory rhythm centre?
(a) Dorsal respiratory centre
(b) Ventral respiratory centre
(c) Pneumotaxic centre
(d) Chemosensitive centre
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Pneumotaxic centre

Explanation:
1. The pneumotaxic centre in the pons can reduce the duration of inspiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. The rhythm centre is in the medulla.

Question 16: A chemosensitive area situated adjacent to the rhythm centre is highly sensitive to ______ and ______ ions.
(a) O2, H+
(b) CO2, OH-
(c) CO2, H+
(d) CO2, O2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CO2, H+

Explanation:
1. This area detects CO2 and hydrogen ions and signals the rhythm centre.

Teacher's Note:
1. O2 has little effect on it.

Question 17: The respiratory rhythm centre is present in the:
(a) Pons region
(b) Aortic arch
(c) Medulla region
(d) Carotid artery
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Medulla region

Explanation:
1. The rhythm centre lies in the medulla oblongata.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aortic and carotid bodies detect low O2.

Question 18: A chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged, decreasing the respiratory surface, mostly due to cigarette smoking, is:
(a) Asthma
(b) Emphysema
(c) Bronchitis
(d) Fibrosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Emphysema

Explanation:
1. Damage to the alveolar walls characterises emphysema.

Teacher's Note:
1. Smoking is its major cause.

Question 19: Regarding the functions of the conduction part of the respiratory system, mark the wrong entry:
(a) Humidifies the air
(b) Warms up the air
(c) Diffusion of gases
(d) Cleans up the air
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Diffusion of gases

Explanation:
1. Diffusion of gases occurs in the exchange part (alveoli), not in the conducting part.

Teacher's Note:
1. The conducting part has no gas exchange.

Question 20: The total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration is:
(a) TV + IRV
(b) TV + IRV + ERV
(c) TV + ERV
(d) TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) TV + IRV + ERV + RV

Explanation:
1. This is the total lung capacity.

Teacher's Note:
1. TLC includes the residual volume.

Question 21: Mark the true statement about normal breathing:
(a) Inspiration is a passive process whereas expiration is active
(b) Inspiration is an active process whereas expiration is passive
(c) Inspiration and expiration are active processes
(d) Inspiration and expiration are passive processes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Inspiration is an active process whereas expiration is passive

Explanation:
1. Inspiration needs contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals. Expiration occurs by relaxation and elastic recoil.

Teacher's Note:
1. Forced expiration is active.

Question 22: A person breathes in some volume of air by forced inspiration after having a forced expiration. This quantity of air is:
(a) Total lung capacity
(b) Tidal volume
(c) Vital capacity
(d) Inspiratory capacity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vital capacity

Explanation:
1. The maximum air inspired after a forced expiration is the vital capacity.

Teacher's Note:
1. VC = TV + IRV + ERV.

Question 23: The oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve will show a right shift in case of:
(a) High pCO2
(b) High pO2
(c) Low pCO2
(d) Less H+ concentration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) High pCO2

Explanation:
1. High pCO2 lowers affinity and shifts the curve to the right.

Teacher's Note:
1. The shift helps O2 release to tissues.

Question 24: Match animal and respiratory organ: A. earthworm, B. arthropods, C. fishes, D. birds and reptiles with i. moist cuticle, ii. gills, iii. lungs, iv. trachea.
(a) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
(b) A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
(c) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
(d) A-i, B-ii, C-iv, D-iii
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii

Explanation:
1. Earthworms breathe through the moist cuticle, arthropods (insects) through trachea, fishes through gills and birds and reptiles through lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match each group with the correct organ.

Question 25: Mark the correct pair of muscles involved in normal breathing in humans:
(a) External and internal intercostal muscles
(b) Diaphragm and abdominal muscles
(c) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
(d) Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Explanation:
1. In quiet breathing the diaphragm and external intercostals contract during inspiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles act in forced expiration.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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