NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQs Set 02

Answer: (b) Negatively charged

Explanation:
1. DNA fragments are negatively charged because of phosphate group.

Answer: (d) Ethidium bromide

Explanation:
1. Ethidium bromide is used to stain the DNA fragments and will appear as orange coloured bands under UV light.

Answer: (b) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves

Explanation:
1. During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by agarose gel.

Answer: (c) Availability of oxygen throughout the process

Explanation:
1. Stirred-tank bioreactor is provided with stirrer for availability of oxygen throughout the process.

Answer: (d) Ligase

Explanation:
1. In DNA recombinant technology, linking of foreign DNA and plasmid is made possible by DNA ligase which is also called "molecular glue".

Answer: (d) Expression

Explanation:
1. After the completion of biosynthetic pathway, downstreaming processing includes all the steps involved in isolation, purification and preservation of products.
2. All the steps before the completion of pathway are included in upstreaming processing i.e., expression of genetic material.

Answer: (b) Eco RV

Explanation:
1. Eco RV cuts the DNA in the centre of restriction sites forming blunt ends.
2. The pallindromic sequence for Eco RV is 5 3 G AT AT C C T AT A G 3 5.

Answer: (b) Thermus aquaticus

Explanation:
1. Taq polymerase is thermostable DNA polymerase obtained from Thermus aquaticus.

Answer: (b) Hind II

Explanation:
1. Hind II is a restriction endonuclease.

Answer: (c) Vector

Explanation:
1. The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is integrated for cloning is called vector.

Answer: (b) Restriction enzymes

Explanation:
1. The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of restriction enzymes called molecular scissors or knife.

Answer: (c) Transformation of plant cells

Explanation:
1. This is so because gene gun inserts recombinant DNA into host cells which leads to transformation of plant cells.

Answer: (b) As selectable markers

Explanation:
1. The host cells must naturally be sensitive to the antibiotic in questions so that any vector molecule which transforms a host cell can confer antibiotic resistance.
2. By plating transformed cells on a medium containing the antibiotic, only those cells that have been transformed by vector molecules survive.

Answer: (a) coli

Explanation:
1. E co R I Order in which enzyme were isolated Escherichia Rough strain (RY13 strain) coli.

Answer: (c) Obtain antibiotics

Explanation:
1. Conditions in which continuous addition of sugars in fed batch fermentation is done to obtain antibiotics.

Answer: (a) Retrovirus

Explanation:
1. Retroviruses are most commonly used as they have a relatively high insert capacity.

Answer: (b) Cleaving DNA segments with ‘ligase’ and joining them with endonuclease

Explanation:
1. Cleaving DNA segments with endonuclease and joining them with 'ligase'.

Answer: (a) Plasmids are used widely in gene transfer

Explanation:
1. These are found in bacteria and some yeast cells.
2. Chromosomal DNA contains vital genes necessary for cell.
3. Plasmid is extra chromosomal DNA.

Answer: (c) Elution

Explanation:
1. Down streaming processing the recovery and purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal or plant tissue or fermentation both, including the recycling of salvageable components.
2. Upstreaming processing process from cell isolation and cultivation to cell banking and culture expansion of the cells until final harvest.
3. Insertional inactivation is the inactivation of a gene upon insertion of another gene inside in its place or within its coding sequence.

Answer: (d) Both (2) & (3)

Explanation:
1. In Blunt ends the cleavage point occur exactly on the axis of symmetry. 5'–G–A–T–A–T–C–3' EcoRV 5'–G–A–T A–T–C–3' 3'–C–T–A–T–A–G–5' 3'–C–T–A T–A–G–5' Blunt cut Cleavage site 5'–G–A–A–T–T–C–3' EcoRI 5'–G 5'–AA–T–T–C–3' 3'–C–T–T–A–A–G–3' 3'–C–T–T–A–A–5' G–5' Stick or staggered cut.

Answer: (c) DNA ligase

Explanation:
1. DNA ligase: Catalyzes the joining of DNA strands together.
2. Alkaline phosphatase: Removes phosphate groups from the 5' ends of DNA molecules, which prevents these molecules from being ligated to one another.
3. Restriction endonuclease: Enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequence.
4. DNA polymerase: Enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

Answer: (d) Both (1) & (3) are correct

Explanation:
1. Blue coloured colonies are produced when plasmid does not have an insert.

Answer: (a) Formed by reverse transcriptase

Explanation:
1. cDNA (complementary DNA) is a double stranded DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA template in a reaction catalysed by enzyme reverse transcriptase.
2. Cloned DNA– DNA created by copying of DNA fragements, cells, or organisms.
3. Circular DNA is a form of DNA that is found in viruses, bacteria.
4. Recombinant DNA– DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.