NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQs Set 01

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Credit for construction of first recombinant DNA may be given to
(a) Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
(b) Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer
(c) Meselson and Stahl
(d) Esther and Joshua Lederberg
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer

Explanation:
1. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer (Fact/Data) In 1972 they constructed 1st recombinant DNA.

Question 2: Which of the following enzymes has been incorrectly matched with their function?
(a) Ligase – Molecular glue
(b) Endonuclease – Chemical scalpel
(c) DNA polymerase – Joins nucleosides
(d) RNA polymerase – Joins nucleotides
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) DNA polymerase – Joins nucleosides

Explanation:
1. DNA polymerase– Joins nucleosides (Incorrect match) DNA polymerase– Joins nucleotides (Synthesize a new strand of DNA complementary to an existing DNA template).

Question 3: The ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells is found in
(a) Ti plasmid
(b) Retrovirus
(c) All plasmids
(d) Both (1) & (2)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (1) & (2)

Explanation:
1. – Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens : A. tumefaciens, a pathogen is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as 'T-DNA to transform normal plant cells into a tumor. – Retro virus : These viruses have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.

Question 4: Restriction in Restriction endonuclease enzyme refers to
(a) Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme
(b) Cutting of DNA at specific position only
(c) Prevention of bacteriophage multiplication in bacteria
(d) Cutting each of the two strands of DNA at specific points in sugar phosphate backbone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Prevention of bacteriophage multiplication in bacteria

Explanation:
1. – The term 'restriction' refers to the function of these enzymes in restricting the propagation of foreign DNA of bacteriophages in the host bacterium.

Question 5: Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?
(a) It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence
(b) It is an endonuclease
(c) It is isolated from bacteriophages
(d) It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) It is isolated from bacteriophages

Explanation:
1. Restriction endonucleases are isolated form bacteria.

Question 6: Gene of interest was cloned at site Sal I in pBR322. The recombinant plasmid will exhibit susceptibility to
(a) Tetracycline
(b) Tetracycline and Ampicillin
(c) Ampicillin only
(d) Broad spectrum of antibiotics
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Tetracycline

Explanation:
1. In pBR322 Pvu l Pst l ampR tetR Sal l It has two antibiotic resistance genes (ampR and tetR) If a gene of interest is cloned at site Sal I in pBR322, the so formed recombinant plasmid will exihibit susceptibility to tetracycline only as tetracycline resistant gene gets inactivated due to insertion.

Question 7: In case of Bam HI, H represents
(a) Genus
(b) Species
(c) Name of scientist
(d) Strain
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Answer: (d) Strain

Explanation:
1. B am HI Order in which enzyme was isolated.
2. Genus Species Strain.

Question 8: Normal E. coli cells carry resistance against which of the following antibiotics?
(a) Chloramphenicol
(b) Ampicillin
(c) Tetracycline
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) None of these

Explanation:
1. E. coli cell usually does not carry resistance against any antibiotics.

Question 9: Which of the following statements is correct in the context of observing DNA separated by agarose gel electrophoresis?
(a) DNA can be seen in visible light
(b) DNA can be seen without staining in visible light
(c) Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen in visible light
(d) Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light

Explanation:
1. – Ethidium bromide is a molecule that becomes intercalated between the stacked bases of the DNA molecule.
2. Soaking a DNA containing gel in ethidium bromide will result in concentration of chemical within the DNA. Illumination of the soaked gel with light in the UV range (260 – 300 nm) results in fluorescence of ethidium bromide and the DNA shows up on the gel as a band of fluorescence.

Question 10: In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules of different lengths are separated on the basis of their
(a) Charge only
(b) Size only
(c) Charge to size ratio
(d) Both (1) & (3)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Size only

Explanation:
1. The DNA will not migrate at the same rate, larger piece of DNA collide with the gel matrix more often and are slowed down, while smaller pieces of DNA move through more quickly.

Question 11: Method involving entry of high velocity gold microparticles coated with DNA into plant cell is
(a) Protoplast fusion
(b) Transfection
(c) Biolistics
(d) Magic bullet action
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Biolistics

Explanation:
1. It is also known as gene gun.
2. Protoplast fusion: During fusion, two or more protoplasts come in contact and adhere with one another spontaneously or in presence of fusion inducing chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG).
3. Transfection: Transfer of DNA into eukaryotic cell is called transfection.

Question 12: Pure DNA precipitated by addition of chilled ethanol can be removed from solution by
(a) Elution
(b) Gel electrophoresis
(c) Spooling
(d) PCR
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Spooling

Explanation:
1. Spooling is a method of obtaining DNA in a form of spool over a glass rod at the last step of DNA extraction.
2. Elution is extraction of separated bands of DNA from agarose gel.
3. Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments based on their size using gel medium.
4. PCR polymerase chain reaction ensures amplification of gene of interest.

Question 13: Stirrer in stirred tank type bioreactor facilitates
(a) Oxygen delivery from outside to inside
(b) Mixing and aeration
(c) Temperature control
(d) Foam control
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Mixing and aeration

Explanation:
1. Bioreactor has different system for oxygen, temperature and foam control.

Question 14: Separation and purification by filtration, centrifugation of desired compound produced in bioreactor is a part of
(a) Downstream processing only
(b) Scaling up and downstream processing
(c) Upstream processing
(d) Screening for recombinants and downstream processing
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Downstream processing only

Explanation:
1. Downstreaming processing is the name given to the stage after fermentation when the desired product is recovered and purified.

Question 15: A chimaeric DNA is formed by
(a) Deleting selectable markers
(b) Joining c-DNA with plasmid
(c) EcoRI
(d) Enzyme -galactosidase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Joining c-DNA with plasmid

Explanation:
1. Chimaeric DNA is recombinant DNA.

Question 16: Although the Ti plasmid has revolutionised plant genetic engineering one limitation of its use is that it
(a) Cannot infect broad leaf plants
(b) Cannot be used on fruit-bearing plants
(c) Cannot transmit prokaryotic genes
(d) Does not infect cereal plants such as corn and rice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Does not infect cereal plants such as corn and rice

Explanation:
1. Ti plasmid of A. tumefacians does not infect cereals such as rice, corns, wheat, barley maize etc. . Broad leaf plants and fruit bearing plants are mostly dicotyledonous and can be infected by Ti plasmid.
2. It can transmit prokaryotic genes.

Question 17: Which enzyme is required to prevent unwanted self-ligation of vector DNA molecules in recombinant DNA technology?
(a) DNA polymerase
(b) DNA ligase
(c) Alkaline phosphatase
(d) Reverse transcriptase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Alkaline phosphatase

Explanation:
1. Alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate groups from the 5' ends of DNA molecules.

Question 18: A tumor inducing plasmid widely used in the production of transgenic plants is that of
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Bacillus thuringiensis
(c) Staphylococcus aureus
(d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Explanation:
1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens: It can cause tumor by transferring a defined segment of DNA (T-DNA) from its tumor inducing plasmid into the nuclear genome of plant cells.

Question 19: Term ‘Disarmed’ in disarmed vector represents
(a) Removal of T-DNA from Ti plasmid
(b) Insertional inactivation of -galactosidase gene
(c) Insertional inactivation of antibiotic gene
(d) Both (2) & (3)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Removal of T-DNA from Ti plasmid

Explanation:
1. Disarmed means without pathogenic property.

Question 20: Which of the following is not a method of introducing alien DNA into host cells?
(a) Microinjection
(b) Heat shock method
(c) Being placed along with the cell into a gene gun
(d) Gel electrophoresis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Gel electrophoresis

Explanation:
1. Gel electrophoresis: Method for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments based on their size using gel medium.

Question 21: Agarose extracted from sea weeds finds use in
(a) Gel electrophoresis
(b) Spectrophotometry
(c) Tissue culture
(d) PCR
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Gel electrophoresis

Explanation:
1. Agarose gels have very large pore size and are used primarily to separate very large molecules with a molecular mass greater than 200 K Da.
2. Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution.
3. Tissue culture involves the growth in an artificial medium of cells derived from living tissue.
4. PCR is a technique used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA.

Question 22: Method in which recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell by using microneedles is called as
(a) Gene gun method
(b) Biolistic method
(c) Microinjection method
(d) Indirect method
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Microinjection method

Explanation:
1. Gene gun method is a method in which cells are bombarded with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA.

Question 23: A gene whose expression helps to identify transformed cell is known as
(a) Selectable marker
(b) Vector
(c) Plasmid
(d) Structural gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Selectable marker

Explanation:
1. In recombinant DNA technology, selectable markers helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants.

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