NEET Biology Biotechnology MCQs Set 04

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Biotechnology

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which is NOT true about PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
(a) PCR can amplify a very small amount of DNA
(b) It can be used to detect HIV in suspected persons
(c) Only RNA can be used as a primer
(d) It is used to detect mutations in genes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Only RNA can be used as a primer

Explanation:
1. PCR uses short synthetic DNA oligonucleotides as primers, not RNA.
2. It amplifies very small amounts of DNA and is used to detect HIV and gene mutations.

Teacher's Note:
1. A thermostable Taq polymerase extends the primers.

Question 2: In agarose gel electrophoresis:
(a) DNA migrates towards the negative electrode
(b) Larger molecules migrate faster than smaller ones
(c) Ethidium bromide can be used to visualise the DNA fragments
(d) Pink-coloured bands of DNA are visible when the gel is exposed to UV light
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ethidium bromide can be used to visualise the DNA fragments

Explanation:
1. DNA is negatively charged and moves towards the positive electrode, and smaller fragments move faster.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ethidium bromide stains DNA, which is then seen as orange-coloured bands under UV light.

Question 3: Which vector is used extensively for genetic engineering in animals?
(a) E. coli
(b) Ti plasmid
(c) Bacillus thuringiensis
(d) Disarmed retrovirus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Disarmed retrovirus

Explanation:
1. Disarmed retroviruses can deliver genes into animal cells without causing disease.
2. The Ti plasmid is used for dicot plants.
3. E.
4. coli and B.

Teacher's Note:
1. thuringiensis are bacteria, not vectors for animals.

Question 4: A good cloning vector should have all of the following EXCEPT:
(a) Origin of replication
(b) Many recognition sites for a single restriction enzyme
(c) High copy number
(d) Selectable marker
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Many recognition sites for a single restriction enzyme

Explanation:
1. A cloning vector should have only one recognition site for a given restriction enzyme, so that it can be cut at one place.
2. Many sites would cut the vector into pieces.

Teacher's Note:
1. Origin of replication, a selectable marker and a high copy number are desirable.

Question 5: A recombinant DNA bearing the gene for tetracycline resistance is transferred into E. coli cells, and the host cells are spread on agar plates containing tetracycline. Then:
(a) Both transformed and non-transformed cells will die
(b) Both transformed and non-transformed cells will grow
(c) Transformed cells will die and non-transformed cells will grow
(d) Transformed cells will grow and non-transformed cells will die
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Transformed cells will grow and non-transformed cells will die

Explanation:
1. Only the transformed cells carry the resistance gene, so they survive on tetracycline.
2. Non-transformed cells are killed by the antibiotic.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is how a selectable marker works.

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT required in PCR?
(a) Oligonucleotide primers
(b) Helicase enzyme
(c) DNA template
(d) Taq polymerase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Helicase enzyme

Explanation:
1. In PCR the strands are separated by heating (denaturation), so helicase is not needed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Primers, template DNA, Taq polymerase and nucleotides are needed.

Question 7: After the formation of the product in a bioreactor, a series of processes is carried out before it is marketed. These are called:
(a) Upstream processing
(b) Downstream processing
(c) Elution
(d) Transformation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Downstream processing

Explanation:
1. Downstream processing includes separation and purification of the product, with preservatives added for marketing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Upstream processing is the growth stage in the bioreactor.

Question 8: A direct method of gene transfer, suitable for plants, in which cells are bombarded with high-velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA, is:
(a) Microinjection
(b) Biolistics (gene gun)
(c) Disarmed pathogen
(d) Electroporation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Biolistics (gene gun)

Explanation:
1. In biolistics, DNA-coated gold or tungsten particles are shot into cells.
2. Microinjection injects DNA directly into the animal cell nucleus.

Teacher's Note:
1. A disarmed pathogen is a vector-mediated method.

Question 9: Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
(a) Golden rice - rich in vitamin A
(b) Flavr Savr tomato - polygalacturonase
(c) Brassica napus - hirudin
(d) Meloidogyne incognita - Bt proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Meloidogyne incognita - Bt proteins

Explanation:
1. Meloidogyne incognita is a nematode that infects tobacco roots.
2. It is controlled by RNA interference, not by Bt proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other three pairs are correct.

Question 10: Match the genetic modification (Column I) with the example (Column II): I reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, II enhanced nutritional value of food, III reduce post-harvest losses, IV tolerance to abiotic stress. i salt-tolerant transgenic tomato, ii Flavr Savr tomato, iii nematode-resistant tobacco, iv golden rice.
(a) I-iii, II-iv, III-i, IV-ii
(b) I-ii, II-iv, III-iii, IV-i
(c) I-ii, II-iv, III-i, IV-iii
(d) I-iii, II-iv, III-ii, IV-i
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) I-iii, II-iv, III-ii, IV-i

Explanation:
1. Nematode-resistant tobacco reduces pesticide use, golden rice has enhanced vitamin A, and Flavr Savr tomato has a longer shelf life, reducing post-harvest losses.

Teacher's Note:
1. The salt-tolerant tomato shows abiotic stress tolerance.

Question 11: Why is insulin not administered orally to diabetic patients?
(a) It is bitter in taste
(b) It is a peptide and would be digested
(c) It would suddenly lower blood sugar
(d) It leads to peptic ulcer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It is a peptide and would be digested

Explanation:
1. Insulin is a protein (peptide hormone), and the digestive enzymes of the gut would break it down.
2. So it must be injected.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hence recombinant insulin is given by injection.

Question 12: In which genetically modified organism is the polygalacturonase gene silenced?
(a) Golden rice
(b) Bt cotton
(c) Flavr Savr tomato
(d) Bt corn
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Flavr Savr tomato

Explanation:
1. In the Flavr Savr tomato the polygalacturonase gene is silenced by antisense RNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. This slows softening of the fruit and delays spoilage.

Question 13: The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin. Once an insect ingests it, it is converted into the active toxin due to the:
(a) Acidic pH of the gut
(b) Alkaline pH of the gut
(c) Neutral pH of the gut
(d) Either acidic or alkaline pH of the gut
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Alkaline pH of the gut

Explanation:
1. The alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the crystals and activates the toxin.
2. The active toxin creates pores in midgut cells, and the insect dies.

Teacher's Note:
1. It does not harm the Bacillus itself, as the protoxin is inactive.

Question 14: As most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, the choice of Bt gene depends upon:
(a) The crop
(b) The targeted pest
(c) Only the crop
(d) Both the crop and the targeted pest
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both the crop and the targeted pest

Explanation:
1. The gene must work against the targeted pest and also be suitable for the crop.
2. So the choice depends on both.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples are cryIAc for cotton bollworms and cryIAb for corn borer.

Question 15: In humans, insulin is synthesised as a prohormone with an extra stretch called:
(a) A-peptide
(b) C-peptide
(c) B-peptide
(d) Alpha-peptide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C-peptide

Explanation:
1. Proinsulin has chains A and B joined by the C-peptide.

Teacher's Note:
1. The C-peptide is removed during maturation to give active insulin with chains A and B connected by disulphide bonds.

Question 16: Which technique(s) serve the purpose of early diagnosis?
(a) Polymerase chain reaction
(b) ELISA
(c) Recombinant DNA technology
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. PCR detects very small amounts of pathogen DNA, ELISA detects antigens or antibodies, and recombinant DNA probes help detect mutations.

Teacher's Note:
1. All three help diagnosis before symptoms appear.

Question 17: About how many recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use the world over?
(a) 12
(b) 30
(c) 27
(d) 40
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 30

Explanation:
1. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use all over the world.

Teacher's Note:
1. In India alone, 12 of them are presently being marketed.

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Biotechnology

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FAQs

Where can I access latest NEET Biology Biotechnology MCQs Set 04?

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Are Assertion-Reasoning and Case-Study MCQs included in the Biology NEET material?

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