NEET Biology Biomolecules MCQs Set 13

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Biomolecules

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A nitrogenous base is linked to the pentose sugar through:
(a) Phosphodiester linkage
(b) N-glycosidic linkage
(c) Ester linkage
(d) Phosphoester linkage
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) N-glycosidic linkage

Explanation:
1. The base joins C1 of the pentose sugar by an N-glycosidic bond to form a nucleoside.

Teacher's Note:
1. Phosphate joins nucleosides by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 2: Which of the following is a nucleoside of DNA?
(a) Adenosine
(b) Guanine
(c) Deoxyguanosine
(d) Deoxyguanylic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Deoxyguanosine

Explanation:
1. A nucleoside is a base plus a sugar
2. Deoxyguanosine has deoxyribose, so it is a DNA nucleoside
3. Adenosine has ribose and deoxyguanylic acid is a nucleotide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nucleotide = nucleoside + phosphate.

Question 3: Which is NOT a feature of the double helix structure of DNA?
(a) It is made of two polynucleotide chains
(b) The two chains have antiparallel polarity
(c) The bases in the two strands are paired through N-glycosidic bonds
(d) The two chains are coiled in a right-handed fashion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The bases in the two strands are paired through N-glycosidic bonds

Explanation:
1. The bases of the two strands are paired by hydrogen bonds
2. The N-glycosidic bond joins a base to its own sugar.

Teacher's Note:
1. A pairs with T by two H-bonds, G with C by three.

Question 4: Which compound is present in the acid-soluble pool when chemical composition is analysed?
(a) Protein
(b) Lipid
(c) Glucose
(d) Carotenoid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Glucose

Explanation:
1. Small molecules like glucose, amino acids and nucleotides are in the acid-soluble pool
2. Proteins and nucleic acids are in the insoluble fraction.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pool consists of micromolecules.

Question 5: If the -NH2 group and -COOH group are attached to the same carbon in an amino acid, it is called:
(a) Alpha amino acid
(b) Beta amino acid
(c) Gamma amino acid
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Alpha amino acid

Explanation:
1. When both groups are on the alpha carbon the compound is an alpha amino acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Proteins contain alpha amino acids.

Question 6: Variations among amino acids depend on:
(a) Side group
(b) Ester group
(c) Complexity of cell
(d) None of them
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Side group

Explanation:
1. The R group (side chain) differs from one amino acid to another.

Teacher's Note:
1. R may be H, CH3 or CH2OH.

Question 7: How many carbon atoms are present in arachidonic acid?
(a) 16
(b) 18
(c) 20
(d) 22
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 20

Explanation:
1. Arachidonic acid is a 20-carbon fatty acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Palmitic acid has 16 carbons.

Question 8: Which of the following amino acids is basic?
(a) Valine
(b) Lysine
(c) Glutamic acid
(d) Glycine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lysine

Explanation:
1. Lysine has an extra amino group in its side chain, so it is basic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Basic: lysine, arginine, histidine.

Question 9: How many carbons are present in palmitic acid?
(a) 15
(b) 16
(c) 17
(d) 18
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 16

Explanation:
1. Palmitic acid is CH3(CH2)14COOH, with 16 carbons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stearic acid has 18.

Question 10: An amino acid has H-C(NH2)(COOH) with a methyl (CH3) group as R. It is:
(a) Serine
(b) Alanine
(c) Glycine
(d) Arginine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Alanine

Explanation:
1. The amino acid with a methyl R group is alanine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glycine has R = H, serine has CH2OH.

Question 11: Which functional group is common to fatty acids and amino acids?
(a) -COOH
(b) -NH2
(c) -OH
(d) All
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) -COOH

Explanation:
1. Both have a carboxyl group.

Teacher's Note:
1. Amino acids also have an amino group.

Question 12: Which of the following is a micromolecule (acid-soluble pool)?
(a) Lipid
(b) DNA
(c) Protein
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Lipid

Explanation:
1. Lipids have low molecular weight, so they are counted in the micromolecules
2. DNA and proteins are macromolecules.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lipids are not true macromolecules but come with membranes in the insoluble fraction.

Question 13: Antibiotics are:
(a) Primary metabolites
(b) Secondary metabolites
(c) Products obtained from viruses
(d) None of them
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Secondary metabolites

Explanation:
1. Antibiotics are secondary metabolites with no direct role in growth.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alkaloids, pigments and drugs are also secondary metabolites.

Question 14: Proteins can act as:
(a) Transporters of nutrients across the cell membrane
(b) Hormones
(c) Enzymes
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Proteins perform transport, hormonal, enzymatic and other roles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin is a protein hormone.

Question 15: Which is a homopolysaccharide?
(a) Cellulose
(b) Starch
(c) Glycogen
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. All three are polymers of glucose only.

Teacher's Note:
1. Heteropolysaccharides contain different monomers.

Question 16: Which N-base is the odd one in DNA?
(a) Cytosine
(b) Guanine
(c) Uracil
(d) 5-methyl uracil
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Uracil

Explanation:
1. Thymine (5-methyl uracil) occurs in DNA, while uracil occurs in RNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. DNA bases: A, T, G, C.

Question 17: Which compound is used in the chemical analysis of living tissue to make an acid-soluble extract?
(a) CH3COOH
(b) Cl3CCOOH
(c) HCHO
(d) C6H12O6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cl3CCOOH

Explanation:
1. Trichloroacetic acid is used to prepare the extract from ground tissue.

Teacher's Note:
1. The slurry is filtered into acid-soluble and insoluble parts.

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