NEET Biology Biological Classification MCQs Set 24

Answer: (a) species

Explanation:
1. Species is the basic unit or lowest taxon of classification.

Teacher's Note:
1. A species is a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
2. The hierarchy rises from species to genus, family, order, class, phylum and kingdom.

Answer: (d) a taxonomic group of any ranking

Explanation:
1. A taxon is a taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, genus or family.

Teacher's Note:
1. Taxa are named units that can be placed in categories.
2. Category is the rank and taxon is the group in it.

Answer: (c) division-class-order-family-tribe-genus-species

Explanation:
1. The correct sequence of the categories is division, class, order, family, tribe, genus and species, as used in plant taxonomy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tribe lies between family and genus.
2. Learn the sequence as a single chain.

Answer: (b) one scientific name consisting of a generic and a specific name

Explanation:
1. Binomial nomenclature gives each organism a scientific name made of the generic name and the specific epithet.

Teacher's Note:
1. It was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus.
2. The generic name begins with a capital letter and the specific epithet with a small letter.

Answer: (c) Takhtajan

Explanation:
1. The statement that taxonomy without phylogeny is like bones without flesh is credited to Takhtajan.

Teacher's Note:
1. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group.
2. Modern classification of plants is phylogenetic.

Answer: (a) genus and species

Explanation:
1. The two words of a binomial are the genus and the species name.

Teacher's Note:
1. Example: Mangifera indica, where Mangifera is the genus.
2. Both words are written in italics or underlined separately.

Answer: (d) common evolutionary descent

Explanation:
1. Phylogenetic classification arranges organisms according to their common evolutionary descent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Artificial systems use a few easily seen characters.
2. Natural systems use overall similarities.

Answer: (a) basic unit of classification

Explanation:
1. The species is the basic unit of classification.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is the lowest rank used in the hierarchy.
2. Members of a species share a common gene pool.

Answer: (d) sympatric

Explanation:
1. Species living in the same or overlapping geographical areas are called sympatric; allopatric species live in different areas.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sibling species look alike but cannot interbreed.
2. Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation.

Answer: (c) natural system

Explanation:
1. A natural system of classification uses many characters (morphology, anatomy, embryology and so on) to show natural affinities.

Teacher's Note:
1. Artificial systems use only one or two characters.
2. Bentham and Hooker proposed a natural system.

Answer: (d) Bentham and Hooker

Explanation:
1. Genera Plantarum was written by Bentham and Hooker.

Teacher's Note:
1. It follows a natural system of classification.
2. Engler and Prantl wrote Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien.

Answer: (d) endemic

Explanation:
1. Species confined to a particular area are endemic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples are Ginkgo in China and the lion-tailed macaque in the Western Ghats.
2. Endemism is a feature of biodiversity hotspots.

Answer: (a) species

Explanation:
1. Organisms of the same species share the most characters, so a species contains the most closely related organisms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Genus, family and class include progressively wider groups.
2. Closeness of relation decreases as we go up the hierarchy.

Answer: (d) the classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history and establishing their phylogeny on the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies

Explanation:
1. Biosystematics classifies organisms on the totality of evidence from all fields, giving their evolutionary relationships (phylogeny).

Teacher's Note:
1. It uses cytology, chemistry, genetics and morphology together.
2. It is also called experimental taxonomy.

Answer: (b) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

Explanation:
1. ICBN stands for International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which governs the naming of plants.

Teacher's Note:
1. The animal equivalent is ICZN.
2. The code is revised at the International Botanical Congress.

Answer: (c) A museum has collection of photographs of plants and animals

Explanation:
1. Museums keep preserved specimens (dried or in fluid) and not only photographs, so statement (c) is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Herbaria have dried and pressed plants.
2. Botanical gardens have living plants and keys help in identification.

Answer: (b) tse-tse fly

Explanation:
1. Sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma gambiense) is transmitted by the bite of the tse-tse fly (Glossina).

Teacher's Note:
1. Sleeping sickness is the African trypanosomiasis.
2. House fly spreads dysentery and cholera, sand fly spreads kala-azar.

Answer: (b) sporozoite

Explanation:
1. The sporozoite is the infective stage injected into man by the female Anopheles mosquito.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sporozoites enter the liver first.
2. Merozoites and trophozoites are stages inside the human host.

Answer: (b) Zooflagellata

Explanation:
1. Trypanosoma is a flagellate protozoan placed in the class Zooflagellata (Mastigophora).

Teacher's Note:
1. Sarcodina move by pseudopodia and Ciliata by cilia.
2. Sporozoa have no locomotory organs.

Answer: (c) merozoites

Explanation:
1. The characteristic chill and fever of malaria occurs when merozoites are released from bursting RBCs together with toxin (haemozoin).

Teacher's Note:
1. The cycle repeats every 48 h in P. vivax.
2. Merozoites then invade fresh RBCs.

Answer: (c) Sporozoa

Explanation:
1. Plasmodium has no locomotory organ in the adult stage and forms spores; it is placed in the class Sporozoa.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sporozoa are all parasitic.
2. Class Sporozoa also includes Monocystis.

Answer: (c) drinking boiled water

Explanation:
1. Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) spreads through contaminated food and water, so drinking boiled water prevents it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cysts are the infective stage.
2. Mosquito nets protect against malaria, not amoebiasis.

Answer: (a) micronucleus

Explanation:
1. Genetic information passes to the next generation through the micro-nucleus; the macronucleus controls the daily activities.

Teacher's Note:
1. Paramecium reproduces sexually by conjugation, in which micronuclei are exchanged.
2. Both nuclear types are present in ciliates.

Answer: (a) Polymorphic

Explanation:
1. Trypanosoma is polymorphic: it appears in different forms (trypomastigote, epimastigote) in the human and in the tse-tse fly.

Teacher's Note:
1. It needs two hosts, so it is digenetic.
2. It is an obligatory pathogenic parasite.

Answer: (c) Trypanosoma gambiense transmitted by Glossina palpalis

Explanation:
1. African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense, transmitted by the tse-tse fly Glossina palpalis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plasmodium causes malaria.
2. Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery.

Answer: (c) Laveran

Explanation:
1. Laveran discovered the malarial parasite in human red blood cells in 1880.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ronald Ross showed the role of Anopheles in transmission.
2. Both men received Nobel Prizes for work on malaria.