NEET Biology Animal Tissue MCQs Set 19

Answer: (b) Simple squamous

Explanation:
1. Simple squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flat cells.
2. Its thin lining allows diffusion and filtration, as in the walls of blood vessels and the air sacs of lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is found in Bowman's capsule and alveoli.
2. Compound epithelia mainly give protection.

Answer: (b) PCT of nephron

Explanation:
1. The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli (brush border).
2. This increases the surface area for reabsorption.

Teacher's Note:
1. The brush border helps in absorption.
2. The intestinal lining is columnar, not cuboidal.

Answer: (a) i (d), ii (a), iii (b), iv (c)

Explanation:
1. The vas deferens has stereociliated columnar epithelium and the trachea has pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
2. The renal pelvis has transitional epithelium and the salivary gland ducts have stratified cuboidal epithelium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transitional epithelium lines organs that stretch.
2. Learn each epithelium with its location.

Answer: (b) Stratified squamous epithelium

Explanation:
1. In the stratified squamous epithelium (as in skin) the basal layer divides to replace the worn-out upper cells.
2. This basal layer is the germinative layer.

Teacher's Note:
1. The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium.
2. Its outer layers are shed and replaced.

Answer: (b) Plasma cells

Explanation:
1. Plasma cells have a cart-wheel nucleus with chromatin in clumps arranged like spokes.
2. They secrete antibodies.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plasma cells arise from B lymphocytes.
2. They are found in connective tissue.

Answer: (d) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
1. Dense regular connective tissue has parallel bundles of collagen fibres between rows of fibroblasts.
2. It forms tendons and ligaments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tendons join muscle to bone.
2. Ligaments join bone to bone.

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. Compound (stratified) epithelia have limited secretion and absorption because they have many layers.
2. Their main role is protection.

Teacher's Note:
1. Compound epithelia protect against chemical and mechanical stress.
2. Examples are skin and the lining of the pharynx.

Answer: (b) i (c), ii (d), iii (a), iv (b)

Explanation:
1. The goblet cell is a unicellular gland and serous glands give a watery secretion.
2. The pancreas is heterocrine (both exocrine and endocrine) and the sebaceous gland is holocrine.

Teacher's Note:
1. In holocrine glands the whole cell breaks down to form the secretion.
2. Heterocrine glands have both exocrine and endocrine parts.

Answer: (c) i (c), ii (d), iii (a), iv (b)

Explanation:
1. Compact bone contains Haversian canals and the patella is a sesamoid bone.
2. Ribs are cartilaginous (endochondral) bones and the clavicle is a membranous (dermal) bone.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sesamoid bones develop in tendons.
2. Membranous bones form directly in the connective tissue.

Answer: (d) EDTA

Explanation:
1. Heparin (mast cells), anophelin (mosquito) and hirudin (leech) are natural anticoagulants.
2. EDTA is a chemical added in the laboratory to prevent clotting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Natural anticoagulants come from living organisms.
2. EDTA removes calcium ions.

Answer: (d) (A), (B), (D)

Explanation:
1. Epithelium has a free surface, covers body parts and rests on a basement membrane.
2. Its cells are tightly packed with very little intercellular matrix, so (C) is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Abundant matrix is a feature of connective tissue.
2. Epithelium has no blood vessels of its own.

Answer: (a) Only (B)

Explanation:
1. Tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue in which parallel collagen fibres are arranged in rows.
2. So only statement (B) is correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dense irregular tissue is found in skin.
2. Elastic fibres are found in ligaments of the neck.

Answer: (d) Fibroblast

Explanation:
1. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of areolar tissue.
2. They secrete the fibres and ground substance of the matrix.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fibroblasts are large, flat cells with branching processes.
2. Mast cells secrete heparin and histamine.

Answer: (b) Four

Explanation:
1. Simple epithelium lines alveoli, nephrons, blood vessels and the alimentary canal, which makes four.
2. Skin has stratified epithelium and tendon and cartilage are connective tissues.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count only the structures that have a single epithelial layer.
2. Cartilage and tendon are connective tissues, not epithelia.

Answer: (d) Oesophagus

Explanation:
1. Transitional epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder, which stretch.
2. The oesophagus is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transitional epithelium is stratified.
2. Its cells change shape when the organ is distended.

Answer: (c) (A) and (B)

Explanation:
1. Compound epithelium has many layers and only a limited role in secretion and absorption.
2. Only the basal cells touch the basement membrane, and epithelia have no blood vessels, so (C) and (D) are wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Epithelia are avascular and receive nutrients by diffusion.
2. Their function is mainly protection.

Answer: (a) Unicellular glands

Explanation:
1. Goblet cells are single mucus-secreting cells in the columnar epithelium of the intestine and respiratory tract.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are the only unicellular glands in humans.
2. Salivary glands are multicellular.

Answer: (b) Three

Explanation:
1. Connective tissue, not muscular tissue, is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue, so (A) is incorrect.
2. Blood does not secrete fibres and does not support epithelium, so (B) and (D) are also incorrect, while (C) is correct. Three statements are incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
2. Fibres are secreted by fibroblasts, not by blood cells.

Answer: (a) Compound epithelium : main role in secretion and absorption

Explanation:
1. Compound epithelium has a limited role in secretion and absorption; it mainly protects.
2. The other three matches are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Areolar tissue lies beneath the skin and supports epithelia.
2. Blood is a fluid connective tissue.

Answer: (b) Beneath the skin

Explanation:
1. Areolar tissue, a loose connective tissue, lies beneath the skin as tela subcutanea.
2. Tendons and ligaments are dense tissues, and blood, cartilage and bone are specialised connective tissues.

Teacher's Note:
1. Areolar tissue holds organs in place.
2. It also fills spaces between organs.

Answer: (c) Secretion of fibres : blood cells

Explanation:
1. Fibres are secreted by fibroblasts and similar cells of connective tissue, not by blood cells.
2. The other matches are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Blood is a connective tissue without fibres.
2. Gap junctions let ions and small molecules pass between cells.

Answer: (d) Collagen, Fibroblast

Explanation:
1. Dense irregular tissue contains collagen fibres running in different directions, along with fibroblasts.
2. It forms the dermis of skin.

Teacher's Note:
1. The fibres run in all directions, which gives strength in many directions.
2. Dense regular tissue has parallel fibres.

Answer: (b) Areolar connective tissue

Explanation:
1. Areolar tissue has a semifluid ground substance with loosely arranged fibres and cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dense tissues have mostly fibres.
2. Epithelium has very little matrix.

Answer: (b) Microvilli

Explanation:
1. Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections of the cell membrane that form the brush border.
2. They increase the surface area of absorbing cells enormously.

Teacher's Note:
1. Villi are folds of the intestinal wall, not of the cell membrane.
2. Cilia move substances along a surface.

Answer: (d) Connective tissue

Explanation:
1. Connective tissue links and supports other tissues and organs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Its types include loose, dense and specialised connective tissues.
2. Blood, bone and cartilage are specialised connective tissues.

Answer: (c) Highest regeneration power

Explanation:
1. Connective tissue links, supports and, in blood, transports gases.
2. Epithelium has the highest power of regeneration, so (c) is not a function of connective tissue.

Teacher's Note:
1. Blood carries O₂ and CO₂.
2. Epithelial cells are replaced quickly.

Answer: (b) 2

Explanation:
1. Connective and muscular tissues arise only from the mesoderm.
2. Epithelial tissue arises from all three layers and nervous tissue from the ectoderm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nervous tissue is ectodermal.
2. Epithelium is derived from ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.