NEET Biology Animal Kingdom Important Questions Set 01

These Class 11 NEET Biology important questions on Animal Kingdom give 46 questions with step-by-step answers, arranged as very short, short and long answer types, as asked in school and board examinations. They help NEET aspirants revise the definitions, structures, differences and key terms of the chapter.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What do you meant by the term 'reptile'?
Answer: In Latin Repere or reptum means to creep or crawl thus the class name Reptilia refers to their creeping or crawling mode of locomotion.

Question 2. Why do cartilaginous fishes swim constantly?
Answer: Air bladder is absent in case of chondrichthyes, so they have to swim constantly to avoid sinking.

Question 3. To which class and order turtles and Testudo belong?
Answer: Class - Reptilia Order - Chelonia

Question 4. Give two general characters of class mammalia.
Answer: (i) They are homoiothermous.
(ii) Heart is four-chambered.

Question 5. State two differences between frog and toad.
Answer: (i) Frog lives in or near water while toad lives in dark shady corners of gardens.
(ii) Teeth are in upper jaw in frogs and in toad teeth are absent in both the jaws.

Question 6. Write two characteristic features of division Agnatha.
Answer: (i) Mouth does not possess jaws hence named Agnatha.
(ii) They have single nostril.

Question 7. Give examples of organisms belonging to class chondrichthyes.
Answer: Scoliodon (Dog fish), Pristis (Saw fish), Trygon (Sting ray), Carcharodon (Great white shark).

Question 8. Where are mammals found on earth?
Answer: They are found in variety of habitats, polar ice caps, deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands and dark caves.

Question 9. Name the two superclasses in which Gnathostomata is divided.
Answer: Pisces and Tetrapoda

Question 10. Name the classes to which the following animals belong – Pterophyllum, Hyla, Vipera, Aptenodytes.
Answer: Pterophyllum - Osteichthyes Hyla - Amphibia Vipera - Reptilia Aptenodytes - Aves

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11. Define :
(a) Pisces
(b) Viviparous
Answer: (a) Pisces : A collective term for all fishes which includes both bony fishes and cartilaginous fish.
(b) Viviparous : The animals give birth to young ones, e.g., mammals except prototherian mammals.

Question 12. Name the following animal on the basis of given characters :
(a) Organism with sucking and circular mouth
(b) Organism which have Ampulla of Lorenzini
(c) Organism whose common name is Great white shark
Answer: (a) Cyclostomata - Petromyzon
(b) Scoliodon (Dog fish)
(c) Carcharodon

Question 13. State the importance of the following fishes :
(a) Gambusia
(b) Latimeria
Answer: (a) Gambusia : It eats larvae of mosquito and hence helpful in eradication of mosquito and thus control malaria.
(b) Latimeria : It is a connecting link between fishes and amphibia.

Question 14. Why fishes die when they are taken out of water?
Answer: Fishes die of suffocation due to lack of oxygen. This is because the gill filaments stick together when taken out of water, thereby reducing the surface area.

Question 15. What is tunicin? Where it is found?
Answer: A cellulose-like polysaccharide found in the tunic or test of urochordates. For example, in Ascidia.

Question 16. Write the scientific names of the following and two features of them.
(a) (b)
Answer: (a) Fig. (a) is Ascidia. It belongs to sub-phylum urochordata.
(i) Brain box or cranium is absent.
(ii) Open type of circulatory system.
(b) Fig. (b) is Catla. It belongs to class osteichthyes.
(i) Freshwater fish.
(ii) Its body is covered with scales and gills are operculated.

Question 17. Consider the following animals and answer the following questions : Whale, Bat, Monkey, Pavo, Columba
(a) Which animals belong to the same class?
(b) Which among the following is/are oviparous?
(c) How whale and Pavo are related?
Answer: (a) Whale, Bat, Monkey - Class Mammalia Pavo, Columba - Class Aves
(b) Pavo and Columba
(c) Whale and Pavo both have four-chambered heart and both are warm-blooded.

Question 18. List two classes of chordata which are cold blooded.
Answer: Osteichthyes, Amphibia.

Question 19. Write the scientific names of the following : Flying fish, Sea horse, Bhakur, Parrot, Vulture
Answer: Flying fish - Exocoetus Sea horse - Hippocampus Bhakur - Catla Parrot - Psittacula Vulture - Neophron

Question 20. Air sacs with lungs are the characteristics of which class? What is the function of air sacs?
Answer: Aves, have lungs with air sacs. These supplement respiration.

Question 21. Name the fish with the following features :
(a) Heart incompletely divided into three chambers
(b) Ampulla of Lorenzini
(c) Poisonous gland
(d) Placoid scales
(e) Well-developed parental care
(f) No urinary bladder
Answer: (a) Dipnoi (Lung fishes)
(b) Scoliodon
(c) Sting ray, Chimaera
(d) Scoliodon (Dog fish)
(e) Hippocampus
(f) All fishes e.g. Exocoetus

Question 22. State the characteristic feature of Ichthyophis.
Answer: Ichthyophis belongs to class Amphibia and order Apoda/Gymnophiona or Caecilia. Ichthyophis shows a very unique parental care. The eggs of clutch are bound together with strands that extend from the jelly coats, forming a cluster, the parental female curls around the clutch and turns the egg at regular interval.

Question 23. Define with example retrogressive metamorphosis.
Answer: Change from better developed larva to less developed adult is known as retrogressive metamorphosis. It is seen in urochordates, for example, in Herdmania and Ascidia.

Question 24. Why is Branchiostoma also called as Lancelet? Name the sub-phylum to which it belongs.
Answer: Branchiostoma or Amphioxus has both ends pointed like lance, hence it is commonly called as Lancelet. It belongs to the sub-phylum Cephalochordata.

Question 25. Write differences between Lamprey and Hagfish.

Answer:

Differences between Lamprey and Hag fish :

Question 26. Define anadromous migration and catadromous migration.
Answer: Anadromous migration : Those fishes which spend most of their lives in the sea and migrate to river for breeding this type of migration is known as anadromous migration, shown by Lampreys. Catadromous migration : Those fishes which spend most of their lives in the river and migrate to sea for breeding this type of migration is known as catadromous migration.

Question 27. Where do you find preen gland? State its function.
Answer: Preen glands are characteristics of Aves. They are present at the base of the tail for lubrication of feathers. They are also called oil gland.

Question 28. Define migratory birds and resident birds and name the famous Indian ornithologist.
Answer: Migratory birds : Those birds which move from one habitat to another periodically are known as migratory birds. Resident birds : Those birds which do not migrate are known as resident birds. Dr. Salim Ali is famous Indian Ornithologist.

Question 29. Why is the blood of birds considered as richest blood?
Answer: Birds blood has more RBCs per cubic mm of blood than in any other animal. Thus, the blood of the birds may be called the richest blood.

Question 30. Define amniotes and anamniotes.
Answer: Amniotes : Vertebrates that possess an amnion as extra embryonic membrane that surrounds the embryo and encases amniotic fluid in it called amniotes, including reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Anamniotes : Vertebrates that lack an amnion e.g. Cyclostomata, Pisces, Amphibia.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 31. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of the basic body plan of chordates.
(b) Mention the four characteristic features which all chordates possess.

Answer:

(a) Nerve Pharynx Digestive cord Notochord tube

Post-anal part Mouth Paired-gill slits

(b) The following features are observed in all chordates :
(i) Dorsal notochord.
(ii) Dorsal, single, hollow nerve cord.
(iii) Lateral pharyngeal gill slits.
(iv) Post anal tail.

Question 32. (a) Mammals are the highly evolved among animals. Write any six distinguishing features of them.
(b) Write the scientific name of each of the following :
(i) Egg laying mammal
(ii) Aquatic mammal
Answer: (a) The six distinguishing features of mammals are :
(i) Presence of mammary glands in females to nourish the young ones.
(ii) Body covered with hair.
(iii) External ear pinna present.
(iv) Heart is four-chambered.
(v) They are homoiothermous.
(vi) They are viviparous except platypus and spiny ant-eater.
(b) (i) Ornithorhyncus (Platypus) (ii) Delphinus (Common dolphin)

Question 33. Write any three points of similarities and three points of differences between Aves and Mammalia.
Answer: Similarities between Aves and Mammalia :  Warm blooded (Homoiothermous).  Presence of four-chambered heart.  Respiration by lungs. Differences between Aves and Mammalia :  Body of aves is covered with feathers while that of mammals is covered by hair.  Birds are oviparous while mammals are viviparous.  Birds are toothless while mammals have different types of teeth.

Question 34. Write short note on
(a) Urochordata
(b) Vertebrata
(c) Gnathostomata
Answer: (a) Urochordata comes under phylum chordata. The salient features of this sub-phylum are :
(i) Brain box or cranium is absent.
(ii) The adult body is enclosed within a leathery test or tunic formed of a cellulose-like organic substance termed tunicin, therefore, this phylum is called tunicata.
(iii) Notochord is only present in the tail of the larva (hence named Urochordata) and disappears in the adult.
(iv) Circulatory system is open in tunicates.
(v) Development is indirect.
(vi) Retrogressive metamorphosis shown by the larva i.e. change from better developed larva to less developed adult. Example : Herdmania (sea squirt)
(vii) Excretion by neural gland. Examples : Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum, Herdmania, Oikopleuro.
(b) Vertebrata : General characteristics of sub-phylum vertebrata :
(i) These are having cranium.
(ii) Possess notochord during the embryonic period only.
(iii) Notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult, thus all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
(iv) Vertebrates have ventral muscular heart with two, three or four chambers.
(v) Kidneys for excretion and osmoregulation.
(vi) For locomotion paired appendages which may be fins or limbs.
(vii) They are unisexual.
(viii) They have single pair of gonads.
(c) Sub-phylum vertebrata includes division Gnathostomata (The Jawed vertebrates)
(i) It includes advanced vertebrates.
(ii) Mouth has jaws hence it is named gnathostomata.
(iii) Embryonic notochord is usually replaced in adult by a vertebral column.
(iv) Paired fins or limbs are present.
(v) They have paired nostril.
(vi) They are both cold-blooded and warm-blooded.
(vii) Gnathostomata is divided into two super classes : Pisces and Tetrapoda.

Question 35. Describe the two classes Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes.
Answer: Both the classes belong to the sub-phylum vertebrata and sub-class pisces.
(a) Chondrichthyes
(i) They are marine animals with streamlined body.
(ii) Endoskeleton is made up of cartilage.
(iii) Notochord is persistent throughout life.
(iv) Mouth is located ventrally.
(v) Teeth are modified placoid scales which are backwardly directed.
(vi) Their jaws are powerful.
(vii) Skin is tough, containing minute placoid scales.
(viii) Gill slits are separate and without operculum (gill cover).
(ix) Air bladder is absent, so they have to swim constantly to avoid sinking.
(x) Heart is two chambered (one auricle and one ventricle).
(xi) Organisms belong to this class are cold-blooded (poikilothermous) i.e. they lack the capacity to regulate their body temperature.
(xii) Organisms are predaceous, some of them have electric organs (e.g. Torpedo) and some possess poison sting (e.g. Trygon).
(xiii) Sexes are separate.
(xiv) In males pelvic fins bear claspers which are used in copulation.
(xv) Fertilisation is internal.
(xvi) Many of them are viviparous. Examples : Scoliodon (Dog fish), Pristis (Saw fish), Trygon (Sting ray), Carcharodon (Great white shark).
(b) Osteichthyes
(i) It includes both marine and fresh water fishes with streamlined body.
(ii) Endoskeleton is made up of bone.
(iii) Notochord is persistent throughout life.
(iv) Mouth is located terminally.
(v) Teeth are present in the jaws.
(vi) Skin is covered with cycloid/ctenoid scales.
(vii) They have four pairs of gills which are covered by an operculum on each side.
(viii) Air bladder is present which regulates buoyancy.
(ix) Heart is two-chambered (one auricle and one ventricle).
(x) They are cold-blooded.
(xi) Sexes are separate.
(xii) Fertilisation is usually external.
(xiii) They are oviparous. (xiv)Development is direct. Example : Marine - Exocoetus (Flying fish), Hippocampus (Sea-horse) Fresh water - Labeo (Rohu), Catla (Katla), Clarias (Magur) Aquarium - Betta (Fighting fish), Pterophyllum (Angel fish)

Question 36. List two classes of chordata which are oviparous and the development is direct. Enumerate their identifying characteristics.
Answer: Two classes of chordata which are oviparous and development is direct are Reptiles and Aves. Identifying characters of Reptilia :  Body covered with scales or scutes.  Poikilothermous.  Heart is three-chambered except crocodile. Identifying characters of Birds :  Body covered with feathers.  Homoiothermous.  Heart is four-chambered.

Question 37. Though frog and toad belong to the same class and same order, what are the different features they both show?

Answer:

Differences between Frog and Toad

Question 38. Comment upon the habitats and external features of animals belonging to class, amphibia and reptilia.

Answer:

Amphibia :

(i) Amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.

(ii) Most of them have two pairs of limbs for locomotion.

(iii) Body is divisible into head and trunk.

(iv) Tail may be present in some.

(v) Scales are absent.

(vi) Eyes have eyelids.

(vii) A tympanum represents the ear.

(viii) Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior.

(ix) Respiration is by gills, lungs and through skin (cutaneous).

(x) Excretion by kidneys.

(xi) Heart is three-chambered (two auricles and one ventricle).

(xii) Organisms are cold-blooded (Poikilotherms) and oviparous.

Reptilia :

(i) They are mostly terrestrial animals.

(ii) The class name refers to their creeping or crawling mode of locomotion.

(iii) Their body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales or scutes.

(iv) They do not have external ear openings.

(v) Limbs, when present, are two pairs.

(vi) Heart is usually three-chambered, but four-chambered in crocodiles.
(vii) Organisms are cold-blooded.

(viii) Snakes and lizards shed their scales as skin cast.

Question 39. (a) Write down the classification of sub-phylum vertebrata.
(b) To which sub-phylum Doliolum and Salpa belong?

Answer:

(a) Vertebrata Division

Agnatha Gnathostomata (Lacks jaw) (Bears jaw) 2 classes

Ostracodermi Cyclostomata 2 superclasses e.g. Cephalaspis e.g. Petromyzon, Myxine

Pisces Tetrapoda (Bears fins) (Bears limbs) Classes

Placodermi Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Classes e.g. Climatius e.g. Scoliodon, e.g. Labeo, Pristis Hippocampus

Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia e.g. Bufo, e.g. Chelone e.g. Corvus, e.g. Macropus, Rana Testudo Columba Pteropus
(b) Doliolum and Salpa both belong to sub-phylum Urochordata.

Question 40. (a) What is the division of class of jawless vertebrates? Give examples.
(b) How parental care is shown by Hippocampus?
(c) Where do cyclostomes migrate for spawning?
Answer: (a) Division of jawless vertebrates is Agnatha and they are represented by single class cyclostomata. Example : Petromyzon, Myxine.
(b) Hippocampus commonly known as Sea-Horse belongs to the class Osteichthyes. It is very unique in showing parental care as the male bears a brood pouch in which the female lays eggs and the latter remain there till they hatch.
(c) Cyclostomes migrate from ocean to fresh water for spawning. After spawning, the adults die and the larvae return to ocean after metamorphosis.

Question 41. Write the functions of following and where they are found :
(a) Tympanum
(b) Ampulla of Lorenzini
(c) Scutes
(d) Preen gland
(e) Poison sting
Answer: (a) Tympanum : It is the ear drum. It receives air-borne sound vibrations. It is present in all tetrapods except snakes.
(b) Ampulla of Lorenzini present in Scoliodon act as thermoreceptors.
(c) Scutes : Epidermal scales which are dry and highly cornified cover the body surface of reptiles.
(d) Preen glands or oil glands are found at the base of the tail of birds and are helpful in lubricating the feathers.
(e) Poison sting : It is found over the tail of Trygon or sting ray. It catches its prey or defends itself by the help of sting.

Question 42. (a) Write a note on cephalochordates.
(b) What is common to all protochordates?
Answer: (a) Cephalochordates :
(i) Cranium is absent.
(ii) Notochord extends from head to tail region.
(iii) Notochord persists throughout the life.
(iv) Digestive tract is complete. Pharynx large, perforated by numerous persistent gill-slits.
(v) Circulatory system well-developed, closed and without heart.
(vi) Development indirect, including free swimming larva.
(vii) Respiration through general body surface.
(viii) Excretion by protonephridia with solenocytes.
(ix) Paired appendages absent, median fins (dorsal, ventral and caudal) are present. Example : Branchiostoma (Amphioxus or Lancelet) Amphioxus has both ends pointed like lance, hence it is commonly called lancelet.
(b) All protochordates are marine and the notochord persists through life. The notochord is not replaced by vertebral column. Protochordates are acraniates i.e. do not have brain-box.

Question 43. Differentiate between Reptiles and Aves

Answer:

Particulars Reptilia Aves

1. Skin Dry, scaly, lacks glands, not Dry, lacks glands, except a respiratory long oil gland on tail, not respiratory
2. Heart 3-chambered, 4-chambered in Crocodilia 4-chambered
3. Erythrocytes Oval,biconvex,nucleated Oval,biconvex,nucleated
4. Lungs Sac-like Spongyandsolid
5. Ear External ear may be present, onlyoneauditory ossicle External ear present only one auditory ossicle
6. Cloaca Present Present
7. BodyTemperature Variable (Poikilothermous) Fixed (Homoiothermous)
8. Breeding Mostlyoviparous All oviparous
9. Scales Present

Question 44. Compare the hearts of all vertebrates.

Answer:

Comparison of vertebrate hearts.

Among reptiles, the ventricle is partially divided. In crocodiles, the heart is completely four-chambered.

Question 45. Write short notes on :
(a) Protochordata
(b) Craniata
Answer: (a) Protochordata : Protochordates sub-group is also known as Acraniata. In this brain box or cranium is absent. It includes two sub-phylum Urochordata and Cephalochordata. Urochordata :
(i) This phylum is also known as tunicata.
(ii) Notochord is only present in the tail of the larva (hence named Urochordata) and disappears in the adult.
(iii) Development is indirect.
(iv) Larva shows retrogressive metamorphosis.
(v) Excretion by neural gland. Example : Ascidia, Salpa Cephalochordata :
(i) Notochord is persists throughout the life.
(ii) Circulatory system well-developed, closed and without heart.
(iii) Excretion by protonephridia with solenocytes.
(iv) Paired appendages absent, median fins (dorsal, ventral and caudal) are present.
(v) Development indirect. Example : Amphioxus
(b) Craniata : Craniata also known as Vertebrata.
(i) These are having cranium.
(ii) Possess notochord during the embryonic period and it is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column.
(iii) They have heart with 2, 3 or 4 chambers.
(iv) Kidneys present for excretion.
(v) Paired appendages which may be fins or limbs present.
(vi) They are unisexual.
(vii) This sub-phylum is further divided into Agnatha and Gnathostomata which includes fishes, amphibians, reptiles, aves and mammals.

Question 46. On what basis mammals are divided?

Answer:

Mammals are divided into Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria on the following basis :

Prototheria Metatheria Eutheria
1. They areoviparous. 1. They areviviparous. 1. They areviviparous.
2. Ear is devoidofpinna. 2. Ear possess apinna. 2. Pinna is present except in aquaticforms.
3. Ascrotumis absent inmale. 3. A scrotum is present but in 3. The scrotum is present on frontofpenis. thesides or behindthepenis.
4. Vagina and uterus are 4. Both vagina and uterus are 4. They aresinglestructure. absent. double.
5. Nipples are absent over the 5. Nipples arepresent. 5. Nipples arepresent. mammary gland. Example : Example : Kangaroo Humanbeing Example : Ornithorhyncus