Maharashtra Board Class 9 Science Chapter 10 Information Communication Technology PDF Download

Information Communication Technology: The New Direction Of Progress

Which Devices Do We Use For Collecting, Sharing, Processing And Communicating Information?

The term Information Communication Technology (ICT) includes communication devices and the use of those devices as well as the services provided with their help. The store of information generated due to the advances in science and technology is increasing at a tremendous rate. If we ignore this explosion in information, the knowledge that we have will become outdated.

How Is Information Communication Technology Important For Dealing With The Explosion Of Information?

Devices used in information communication technology: Different devices are used for producing information, for communicating, classifying, saving or storing information, managing information etc. For example, the telephone is used for sharing information by conversing with someone.

The following table has names of some ICT devices. Complete the table based on the questions asked. Also, enter the names of any additional devices that you know of.

The computer, which is the most important device for information communication, is considered to have gone through five generations, since it was first created. The computers used during the period between 1946 and 1959 are said to be 'first generation computers.' The ENIAC computer was made in this period. Valves were used in its construction. These valves were large in size. They also consumed a lot of electricity. That generated heat and computers would shut down many times. Today's computers are 5th generation computers.

Teacher's Note

Information Communication Technology helps us share and learn new things very fast. Just like a student in Delhi can watch a video from a teacher in Mumbai on YouTube, ICT connects everyone.

Exam Trick

Remember: ICT = devices + services. Like your mobile phone is hardware, but WhatsApp is software. Always remember both parts in exams.

Points To Remember

ICT means devices and services that help us share and process information.
Different devices like computers, mobile phones, radio and television are ICT tools.
First generation computers used valves and were very big and hot.
Computers have five generations from 1946 to today.
Today's computers are much faster and smaller than old computers.

How Does A Computer Work?

Important Components Of A Computer

Memory: Memory is the place for storing data obtained from the input and also the generated solution or answer by the computer. There are two types of memories in a computer.

1. Internal Memory 2. External Memory

The internal memory is of two types.

1. RAM (Random Access Memory): This is created from electronic components. Any electronic component can function only as long as it is supplied with electricity.

2. ROM (Read Only Memory): The information stored here can only be read. We cannot make changes to the information originally stored here.

Operating System: This is a program which provides a means of communication between the computer and the person working on it. It is called the DOS (Disk Operating System). We cannot use a computer without its operating system.

Program: A program is a group of commands to be given to a computer.

Data And Information: Data is information in its raw (unprocessed) form.

Teacher's Note

Memory is like a notebook. RAM is like a notebook you write in and erase. ROM is like a printed book you cannot change. Your computer needs an operating system just like you need to learn the rules before playing a game.

Exam Trick

Remember: RAM = temporary, ROM = permanent. RAM is like your rough notebook, ROM is like your textbook. Without an operating system, a computer is like a car without wheels.

Points To Remember

Memory stores data and answers in computers.
RAM is temporary memory that needs electricity to work.
ROM is permanent memory that we cannot change.
Operating system helps the person and computer talk to each other.
A program is a list of commands we give to the computer.

Two Main Components Of Computers

Hardware: Hardware consists of all the electronic and mechanical parts used in computers.

Software: Software refers to the commands given to the computer, information supplied to it (input) and the results obtained from the computer after analysis (output).

Teacher's Note

Hardware is like your body. Software is like your mind and thoughts. Just like you need both to work, computers need both hardware and software to function.

Exam Trick

Remember: Hardware = things you can touch (keyboard, mouse, screen). Software = programs you cannot hold (Microsoft Word, games). Touch it = hardware, think it = software.

Points To Remember

Hardware is all the parts of a computer you can see and touch.
Software is all the programs and commands in a computer.
You cannot use a computer with only hardware or only software.
Both hardware and software work together to make a computer work.
Keyboard and mouse are hardware. Games and Word are software.

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