Maharashtra Board Class 9 Political Science Chapter 1 Post World War Political Developments Solutions

1A. Choose the Right Option and Rewrite the Sentence:

Question 1. A system of independent and sovereign states ___.
(a) Political system
(b) International system
Answer: (b) International system
In simple words: An international system is a global network made up of different independent countries that interact and work with one another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'sovereign' means free and independent, so a collection of these nations on a global level forms an international system.

Question 2. The main responsibility of the United Nations ____.
(a) to avoid war
(b) independence of colonies
(c) improving the economics of different nations
(d) disarmament
Answer: (a) to avoid war
In simple words: The primary goal of the United Nations is to maintain global peace and prevent countries from going to war with each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the UN was created after World War II specifically to prevent future global conflicts, making peace-keeping its main duty.

Question 3. The Cold War ended with the event, _____.
(a) Establishment of the United Nations
(b) Disintegration of the Soviet Union
(c) Creation of Military Organisations
(d) Cuban Missile Crisis
Answer: (b) Disintegration of the Soviet Union
In simple words: The Cold War was a rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union, so when the Soviet Union broke apart, the rivalry naturally ended.

🎯 Exam Tip: The collapse of the USSR in 1991 is the definitive event that marked the end of the Cold War era.

Explain With Reasons Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False:

Question 1. The League of Nations was established after the First World War.
Answer: True.
• At the end of the First World War, all the nations felt that such a war should not happen again and some measures need to be taken to achieve that end.
• An international organisation called the League of Nations was established out of this thinking.
• It became an important platform to solve international disputes and carry out negotiations. This marked a significant step towards global cooperation and peace-building.
In simple words: This statement is true because countries wanted to prevent another big war, so they created the League of Nations to help them talk through their disagreements peacefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state 'True' or 'False' clearly at the very beginning of your answer before writing down the supporting reasons to secure full marks.

Question 2. The world became unipolar due to the Cold War.
Answer: False. During the Cold War, most countries of the world joined either of the two super power blocs (USA or USSR). Such a division of the nations of the world in two groups is bipolarisation. This division created a tense atmosphere of global competition.
In simple words: The Cold War did not make the world unipolar (ruled by one power); instead, it divided the world into two opposing groups led by the USA and the USSR.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state 'True' or 'False' clearly at the beginning of your answer before explaining the concept of bipolarisation.

Question 3. The policies of Mikhail Gorbachev gave an impetus to democratisation.
Answer: True. The Soviet Union adopted the policy of opening up the economy. The state loosened up its control of the economy. The then President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev implemented the policies of Perestroika (Restructuring) and Glasnost (Openness). Due to these policies, the control over the media reduced. Important changes took place in political and economic spheres, i.e. these spheres, were restructured. This gave impetus to democracy. These reforms ultimately paved the way for greater freedom and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union.
In simple words: Mikhail Gorbachev introduced reforms that gave people more freedom and reduced government control, which helped democracy grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention the key terms 'Perestroika' and 'Glasnost' as they are crucial for scoring full marks.

Explain the Following Concepts:

Question 1. Cold War
Answer:
(i) America and the Soviet Union, who were allies in the Second World War became competitors, as soon as the war was over. This sudden shift transformed global relations.
(ii) The cooperation between them gave way to rivalry. This rivalry occupied a period of 40-45 years of international politics.
In simple words: The Cold War was a long period of tension and competition between the US and the Soviet Union after World War II, even though they never fought each other directly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the two main countries involved and the duration of this rivalry to get full marks.

Question 1. Cold War
Answer:
(iii) There was no open war between these two countries; but there was such tension in their relations, that it seemed that a war would erupt any time.
(iv) The concept of Cold War is used to describe the condition where there is no actual war, but there are such tensions in the circumstances, that they may be responsible to cause war.
(v) In this period, America was already a super power, but the Soviet Union also tried to become a super power by making nuclear weapons and by increasing its military might.
(vi) The struggle for power, arms race, differences in ideologies, attitude of checkmating each other by strategies and counter-strategies gave rise to the Cold War. This intense rivalry shaped global politics for decades.
In simple words: The Cold War was a state of extreme tension between the US and the Soviet Union without actual direct fighting. Both sides competed for power, built weapons, and tried to outdo each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the Cold War as a state of "no actual war but intense tension" to secure full marks.

Question 2. Non-Aligned Movement
Answer:
(i) In the period of the Cold War, while the world was becoming bipolar, there were some countries which did not want to join the super power rivalry. Such nations decided to stay out of the cold war rivalry. Their policy is known as non-alignment.
(ii) The Asian and African countries, which became independent after the Second World War supported the idea of non-alignment.
(iii) This movement started from 1961 under the leadership of India’s Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, President of Yugoslavia Marshall Tito, President of Egypt Gamal Abdal Nasser, President of Indonesia Dr. Sukarno and Prime Minister of Ghana Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.
(iv) The non-aligned Movement has opposed colonialism, imperialism and racism. It has encouraged the resolution of international disputes by peaceful means.
(v) India led this movement under the guidance of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. India continued to actively support the movement afterwards as well.
(vi) Even after the end of the Cold War, the importance of the movement has not reduced. The non-aligned movement is based on eternal principles of humanism, global peace, and cooperation among developing nations.
In simple words: The Non-Aligned Movement was started by newly independent countries, including India, who chose not to join either the US or Soviet camps during the Cold War. They focused on peace, cooperation, and staying independent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention key founding leaders like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Marshall Tito when explaining the Non-Aligned Movement.

Question 3. Interdependence
Answer:
(i) All the countries of the world are dependent on each other for one reason or the other. However big, prosperous or developed a nation may be, it can never be self-sufficient to fulfill all its needs. This mutual reliance helps foster international cooperation and trade.
(ii) Even big nations have to depend upon other big and small nations. Thus, interdependence is an important feature of the international system, i.e. today’s global system.
In simple words: Interdependence means that no country can survive completely on its own. Every nation, big or small, needs to trade and work with other nations to get the things it needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the term and explain why even powerful nations cannot be fully self-sufficient to secure maximum marks.

Question 4. Bipolarisation
Answer: During the Cold War, most countries of the world joined either of the two super power blocks. Such a division of the nations of the world in two groups is bipolarisation. This division created intense rivalry and tension globally between the democratic and communist blocs.
In simple words: Bipolarisation is when the countries of the world split into two opposing groups, each led by a different superpower, just like during the Cold War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the Cold War as the primary historical example of bipolarisation to show a clear understanding of the concept.

Question 5. Globalization
Answer:
(i) After the end of the Cold War, trade and economic relations between countries became more open. As it has been mentioned before, capital, labour, markets and information began circulating globally. This interconnectedness has transformed local economies into a single global market.
(ii) The give and take of ideas among people all over the world grew.
(iii) Due to the revolution in information technology, different events and developments began to be known everywhere.
In simple words: Globalization is the process of the world becoming more connected. It allows goods, ideas, and information to move easily across different countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to list the key drivers of globalization, such as trade, exchange of ideas, and information technology, to write a complete answer.

Give Your Opinion On The Following Topics:

Question 1. What measures should the League of Nations have taken to avoid the Second World War?
Answer:
(i) League of Nations should have organised a military wing with the help of member nations to keep a check over the aggressors like Germany and Japan.
(ii) League should have reconsidered implementation of harsh term of treaties imposed on the losers to avoid the revengeful policies of dictators like Adolf Hitler. Establishing a more balanced and inclusive platform for diplomatic dialogue would have also helped de-escalate these growing tensions.
In simple words: The League of Nations could have stopped World War II by having its own army to control aggressive countries. They also should have treated the defeated countries of World War I more fairly so they wouldn't want revenge.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, clearly mention both the military aspect (lack of an army) and the political aspect (harsh treaties like the Treaty of Versailles) in your answer.

Question 2. Non-Alignment was necessary during the Cold War.
Answer:
(i) Yes. This was important to keep newly independent countries of Asia and Africa away from the super power rivalry.
(ii) Since these countries did not officially show allegiance to any super power, they freed themselves from the dominance of USA and USSR and could independently frame their foreign policies.
(iii) This further promoted peace and co-operation. By remaining neutral, these nations successfully prioritized their own domestic development over global conflicts.
In simple words: Non-alignment helped new countries in Asia and Africa stay out of the fight between the US and the Soviet Union. This allowed them to make their own decisions and focus on keeping peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to highlight how non-alignment allowed newly independent nations to maintain their hard-won sovereignty and focus on their own development.

Question 3. Human welfare was neglected due to the Cold War.
Answer:
(i) During the Cold War, both superpowers (USA and USSR) focused heavily on producing nuclear weapons and increasing their military strength.
(ii) Huge amounts of financial resources were diverted towards defense and space races instead of being spent on basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, education, and healthcare.
(iii) Consequently, the development of poor and developing nations was severely affected, leading to widespread poverty and neglect of human welfare. This intense focus on military dominance created an atmosphere of fear that overshadowed global humanitarian progress.
In simple words: During the Cold War, countries spent most of their money on weapons and armies instead of helping people. This meant there was less money for schools, hospitals, and fighting poverty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the diversion of economic resources from social development to military build-up as the core reason for the neglect of human welfare.

Question 4. Which countries can emerge as super powers, in competition with America in present times?
Answer: India and China could be future super powers. Their rapid economic growth and technological advancements position them as strong competitors on the global stage.
In simple words: In today's world, India and China are growing very fast in terms of wealth and technology, which makes them strong candidates to become global superpowers like America.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both India and China clearly as they are the key emerging economies highlighted in the textbook to secure full marks.

Write Brief Answers

Question 1. Compare the First World War and the Second World War with the help of the following points.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the exact years and the names of the international organizations established after each war, as these are high-scoring points in comparison questions.

Question 2. What were the factors responsible for the end of Cold War?
Answer: The factors responsible for the end of Cold War are:
(i) The Soviet Union adopted the policy of opening up the economy. The State loosened up its control of the economy.
(ii) The then President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, implemented the policies of 'Perestroika' (Restructuring) and 'Glasnost' (Openness). Due to these policies, the control over the media was reduced and significant changes were introduced in political and economic spheres.
(iii) The East European countries under the influence of the Soviet Union adopted the capitalist and democratic paths, which led to a change in their regimes.
(iv) The Soviet Union disintegrated into several new independent nations, with Russia emerging as the largest country among them. This disintegration marked the final end of the Cold War era.
In simple words: The Cold War ended because the Soviet Union changed its strict economic rules and eventually broke apart into smaller countries. This stopped the long-standing rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list the key policies of Mikhail Gorbachev, 'Perestroika' and 'Glasnost', as these terms carry high weightage in the evaluation.

Question 3. What major changes occurred in global politics after the end of the Cold War?
Answer:
(i) Major changes took place in world politics after the end of the Cold War. For example, America remained the only super power in world politics. This shift established a unipolar world order.
(ii) A conducive atmosphere prevailed for the growth in trade and economic relations between and among nations.
(iii) As all nations of the world decided to give priority to trade relations, the idea of giving ‘aid’ to other nations fell behind.
(iv) The United Nations now had to take more concrete steps to maintain global peace and security.
(v) Environmental protection, fostering of human rights, gender equality and management of natural calamities now acquired a global dimension.
In simple words: After the Cold War ended, America became the main global superpower, and countries started focusing more on trade and global issues like the environment and human rights rather than military rivalry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list the five major changes, highlighting key terms like 'only super power', 'trade relations', and 'global dimension' of environmental and human rights issues.

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 1 Post World War Political Developments Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the Correct Option from the Given Options and Rewrite the Sentence:

Question 1. President of Soviet Union who implemented ‘Perestroika’ and ‘Glasnost’ ______.
(a) Nikita Khrushchev
(b) Mikhail Gorbachev
(c) General Molotov
(d) Vladimir Lenin
Answer: (b) Mikhail Gorbachev
In simple words: Mikhail Gorbachev was the Soviet leader who introduced reforms to restructure the economy and open up the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'Perestroika' means restructuring and 'Glasnost' means openness, both introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 2. Military organisation formed under dominance of USA ______.
(a) North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
(b) Warsaw Pact
(c) New International Economic Order
(d) Non-Aligned Movement
Answer: (a) North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
In simple words: NATO was created by the United States and its allies to protect Western countries from potential attacks by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) represents the Western bloc led by the USA, while the Warsaw Pact was led by the Soviet Union.

Question 3. Division of world into two power blocs is called ______.
(a) Globalisation
(b) Nuclear Escalation
(c) Bipolarisation
(d) Internationalism
Answer: (c) Bipolarisation
In simple words: Bipolarisation means the world is split into two main groups, each controlled by a different powerful country, just like the USA and USSR during the Cold War.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'bi-' means two, which makes it easy to remember that 'bipolarisation' refers to a world divided into two power centers.

Question 4. Among the following ________ is not an Axis Power.
(a) Germany
(b) Italy
(c) Belgium
(d) Japan
Answer: (c) Belgium
In simple words: Germany, Italy, and Japan fought together as the Axis Powers in World War II, while Belgium was an Allied nation invaded by Germany.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the main Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) to easily identify any country that does not belong to this group.

Question 5. ______ is an important event of the Cold War.
(a) Fashoda Incident
(b) Cuban Missile Crisis
(c) Wall Street Crash
(d) Red Menace
Answer: (b) Cuban Missile Crisis
In simple words: The Cuban Missile Crisis was a very tense standoff between the USA and the Soviet Union over nuclear missiles in Cuba, bringing the world close to war.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is widely considered the closest the world ever came to a nuclear conflict during the Cold War.

Question 6. Non-aligned movement is opposed to ____.
(a) Racism
(b) Capitalism
(c) McCarthyism
(d) Nepotism
Answer: (a) Racism
In simple words: The Non-Aligned Movement strongly stands against treating people unfairly or differently based on their race.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that NAM was founded on the principles of human equality, making opposition to racial discrimination one of its core values.

Question 7. Non-aligned movement demanded establishment of _______.
(a) Association of South East Asian Nations
(b) League of Nations
(c) New International Economic Order (NIEO)
(d) European Union (EU)
Answer: (c) New International Economic Order (NIEO)
In simple words: Developing countries in the Non-Aligned Movement wanted a new, fair global economic system that would help poorer nations grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the economic demands of newly independent, developing nations in NAM directly with the term 'NIEO'.

Question 8. The policy of Perestroika means restructuring and Glasnost means ______.
(a) strictness
(b) oneness
(c) massiveness
(d) openness
Answer: (d) openness
In simple words: Glasnost was a policy in the Soviet Union that allowed citizens to speak more freely and openly about their government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize this pair: Perestroika refers to economic and political restructuring, while Glasnost refers to political openness and freedom of expression.

State Whether the Following Statements Are True or False, with Reasons:

Question 1. A system of Independent States is called International System.
Answer: True. Just as individuals cannot live in isolation and depend on society, sovereign nations also depend on each other. Our social life and well-being is dependent on others and mutual co-operation has a very important place in it.
In simple words: No country can survive completely on its own, so all independent nations connect and work together to form a global community.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering True/False questions with reasons, always state 'True' or 'False' clearly first, followed by a logical explanation of interdependence.

Question 2. Interdependence is not an important feature of the International System.
Answer: False. All the countries of the world are dependent on each other for one reason or the other. However big, prosperous or developed a nation may be, it can never be self-sufficient to fulfill all its needs. Even big nations have to depend upon each other and on smaller nations. Thus, interdependence is an important feature of the international system, i.e. today’s global system. This mutual reliance helps foster global cooperation and maintains international peace.
In simple words: No country can produce everything it needs by itself, so all nations must rely on each other. This mutual dependence is a key part of how the world works together.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering True/False questions with reasons, clearly state 'True' or 'False' first before explaining your points to secure full marks.

Question 3. The Second World War proved to be far more destructive than the First World War.
Answer: True. The Second World War was fought between 1939 and 1945, and it proved to be far more destructive than the First World War. Not only was it more widespread compared to the First World War, but far more advanced technology and devastating weapons were employed in this war. Consequently, countries which took part in the Second World War once again faced a severe situation of economic crisis. The massive loss of human life and infrastructure set global development back by decades.
In simple words: World War II caused much more damage than World War I because it involved more countries and used deadlier, more advanced weapons. This left many nations in deep financial trouble.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning specific details like the years of the war (1939-1945) and the use of advanced technology helps make your answer highly impactful.

Question 4. Efforts towards arms control and disarmament happened during the Cold War.
Answer: True. During the Cold War, both superpowers realized that the accumulation of nuclear weapons could lead to global destruction, prompting them to sign various treaties to limit their arsenals. These efforts were crucial in preventing a direct military conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.
In simple words: During the Cold War, the powerful countries realized that having too many dangerous weapons could destroy the world, so they tried to make agreements to limit and reduce them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always define key terms like 'disarmament' or 'arms control' briefly if they are central to the statement to show a complete understanding.

Question 5. Non-alignment was an important movement during the Cold War.
Answer: True.
• In the period of the Cold War, while the world was becoming bipolar, there were some countries which did not want to join the super power rivalry.
• Such nations decided to stay out of the cold war rivalry. Their policy is known as Non-alignment.
• Non-alignment was an important movement during the Cold War. This movement allowed newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and focus on their own development.
• The Asian and African countries, which became independent after the Second World War supported the idea of non-alignment.
In simple words: Non-alignment meant staying neutral and not joining either of the two big superpower groups during the Cold War. This helped newly independent countries stay free and focus on their own growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state 'True' or 'False' first, and then provide bulleted points explaining the historical context of the movement to secure full marks.

Explain the Concept

Question 1. Military Organisation
Answer:
(i) During the Cold War, power struggle between USSR and USA created need for nations who will support their ideologies.
(ii) Thus, organisations were created for helping nations militarily and thus dragging them into either of the super power blocs for their hegemony.
(iii) The respective super powers took up the responsibility of the security of the countries joining the military organisations led by them.
(iv) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) was a military organisation under the dominance of America, while the Warsaw Pact was a military organisation under the dominance of the Soviet Union.
In simple words: Military organisations were alliances formed by superpowers during the Cold War to protect member countries and spread their own influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining military organisations, always mention key examples like NATO and the Warsaw Pact to show a complete understanding.

Do As Directed/Instructed

Complete the Charts

Question 1. Complete the concept map for the Non-aligned movement.
Answer:
The completed concept map for the Non-aligned movement includes the following points:

• Brought several new streams of economic and social changes into international politics
• Inspired less developed countries to come together
• Gave less developed countries confidence to assert themselves in international politics
• Gave self-respect to less developed nations in international politics

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the four key impacts of the Non-aligned movement as they frequently appear in concept map questions. Presenting them in neat bullet points ensures you get full marks.

Question 2. Complete the concept map showing autocratic regimes and their leaders:
Answer:

• Autocratic Regimes:
  • Germany: Adolf Hitler
  • Italy: Benito Mussolini
  • Spain: Francisco Franco

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to spell the names of the dictators correctly, especially "Mussolini" and "Francisco Franco", to secure full marks.

Question 3. Complete the concept map showing major global developments from 1945 onwards:
Answer:

• Developments from 1945 onwards:
  • Cold War
  • Establishment of the United Nations (UN)
  • Decolonisation (Emergence of independent nations in Asia and Africa)
  • Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

🎯 Exam Tip: For concept maps with four blank boxes, write down the four most significant post-WWII historical events taught in your textbook.

Developments from 1945 Onwards:

• Cold War
• Globalisation
• Efforts at Disarmament
• Arms Race

Answer in Brief:

Question 1. What were the effects of World War I?
Answer:
(i) The First World War was fought between 1914 and 1918. The war caused a tremendous loss of life and property. The countries which joined the war suffered tremendous economic losses. This global conflict fundamentally reshaped the geopolitical landscape of the entire world.
(ii) Even the countries which did not join the war were impacted by the war. The economies of the victorious as well as the losing countries collapsed.
(iii) Earlier empires in Europe collapsed and new nations came into being.
(iv) Independence movements in European colonies changed hegemony of European Nations.
(v) League of Nations was established.
(vi) Autocratic regime came up in Germany Spain, Italy and other countries.
In simple words: World War I caused massive destruction, economic ruin, and the collapse of old empires. It led to the creation of new countries and the League of Nations to try and keep peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list the political, economic, and social impacts of the war in separate points to secure maximum marks.

Question 2. Describe America’s role in the Second World War.
Answer:
(i) America played a major role in the Second World War. It had manufactured nuclear weapons. These powerful weapons were ultimately used to bring a decisive end to the conflict.
In simple words: America was a key player in World War II and developed nuclear weapons that eventually ended the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight America's technological and military contributions, especially the development of nuclear weapons, when describing its wartime role.

Question 3. What gave rise to the Cold War?
Answer:
(i) America was already a super power, but the Soviet Union also tried to become one, by making nuclear weapons and by increasing its military might.
(ii) The struggle for power, arms race, differences in ideologies, attitude of checkmating each other by strategies and counter-strategies gave rise to the Cold War. This intense rivalry shaped global politics for decades.
In simple words: The Cold War started because both the USA and the Soviet Union wanted to be the most powerful country in the world. They competed by building weapons and trying to stop each other's influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both the military competition (arms race) and ideological differences (capitalism vs. communism) to get full marks.

Question 4. Describe extreme differences among USA and USSR.
Answer:
(i) The U.S.A was a democratic State, advocating capitalism, while the Soviet Union advocated socialism and a one party authoritarian system.
(ii) Both the super powers wanted to expand their own dominance in the world.
(iii) America wanted to spread capitalism, while the Soviet Union wanted to spread socialism. These opposing worldviews created a deep divide between the two nations.
In simple words: The USA believed in democracy and private business (capitalism), while the USSR believed in a single-party government and state control (socialism). Both tried to spread their own systems globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use a clear comparison format or bullet points to contrast democracy/capitalism of the USA with the one-party socialism of the USSR.

Question 5. What is meant by Non-Aligned Movement and who were its founding fathers?
Answer:
(i) The Asian and African countries, which became independent after the Second World War supported the idea of non-alignment.
(ii) This movement started from 1961 under the leadership of India’s Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, President of Yugoslavia Marshall Tito, President of Egypt Gamal Abdal Nasser, President of Indonesia Dr. Sukarno and Prime Minister of Ghana Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. This movement allowed newly independent nations to remain neutral and focus on their own development.
In simple words: The Non-Aligned Movement was a group of newly independent countries that decided not to take sides with either the USA or the USSR. Its key founders included leaders from India, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Indonesia, and Ghana.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names of all five founding leaders and their respective countries, as this is a highly scoring and frequently asked question.

Question. Evaluate the role and principles of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
(i) The Non-Aligned Movement has opposed colonialism, imperialism and racism.
(ii) It has encouraged the resolution of international disputes by peaceful means.
(iii) The Non-Aligned movement is based on eternal principles of humanism, global peace and equality.
(iv) It has inspired the less developed countries to come together.
(v) While taking a firm stand on disarmament, fostering human rights, the Non Aligned movement put forth the problems of poor, undeveloped countries firmly.
(vi) This movement made a demand of a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
In simple words: The Non-Aligned Movement helped developing countries unite for peace and equality. It opposed war and unfair treatment while demanding better economic opportunities for poorer nations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize at least four key contributions of the Non-Aligned Movement, such as its opposition to colonialism and its demand for a New International Economic Order (NIEO), to secure full marks.

12th Secretarial Practice Chapter-wise Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 12 Exercise Stock Exchange Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 11 Exercise Financial Market Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 10 Exercise Dividend and Interest Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 9 Exercise Depository System Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 8 Exercise Correspondence with Depositors Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 7 Exercise Correspondence with Debentureholders Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 6 Exercise Correspondence with Members Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 5 Exercise Deposits Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 4 Exercise Issue of Debentures Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 3 Exercise Issue of Shares Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board
• 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 2 Exercise Sources of Corporate Finance Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board