Maharashtra Board Class 9 History Chapter 9 Changing Life 1 Solutions

Changing Life 1 Class 9 Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Class 9 History Chapter 9 Changing Life 1 Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

History Class 9 Chapter 9 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Choose The Proper Option And Rewrite The Completed Statements:

Question 1.The first open-heart surgery under the leadership of Dr N Gopinath was successfully performed in the city of _____.
(a) Chennai
(b) Vellore
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Mumbai
Answer: (b) Vellore
In simple words: Dr. N. Gopinath led the pioneering open-heart surgery in Vellore, marking a significant advancement in Indian medical history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the name of the doctor and the city for this medical milestone.

Question 2._____ is known as the father of the 'Jaipur foot'.
(a) Dr N. Gopinathan
(b) Dr Pramod Sethi
(c) Dr Mohan Rao
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Dr Pramod Sethi
In simple words: Dr. Pramod Sethi is recognized for his pivotal role in developing the 'Jaipur Foot,' a revolutionary prosthetic limb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Dr. Pramod Sethi with the innovation of the 'Jaipur Foot'.

2. Identify The Wrong Pair And Rewrite The Corrected One:

Question 1.
(1) Dr N. Gopinath – open heart surgery
(2) Ramchandra Sharma - a skilled craftsman
(3) Dr Subhash Mukhopadhyaya – test tube baby
(4) Dr Mohan Rao – polio
Answer: Wrong Pair: Dr Mohan Rao – polio
In simple words: The pair "Dr Mohan Rao – polio" is incorrect as Dr. Mohan Rao is known for kidney transplants, not polio.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly identify the medical field or achievement associated with each notable personality.

3. Explain The Concepts:

Question 1.The institution of the family.
Answer:
The institution of family can be explained as follows:
• During the pre-independence period, the institution of the family was an important identifying feature of Indian society.
• India was known all over the world as the country of joint families.
• However, the wave of globalisation has now given an impetus to the system of nuclear families.
In simple words: The family in India has historically been characterized by the joint family system, especially before independence, but globalization has promoted a shift towards nuclear families.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the historical context and the impact of globalization on family structures in India.

Question 2.Jaipur Foot technology
Answer:
(i) Dr Pramod Sethi designed and manufactured artificial limbs, noses and ears, with the help of the skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma.
(ii) These artificial body parts manufactured with the help of the Jaipur foot technology have made it easy for the differently-abled to walk bare-foot on rough surfaces, run, go cycling, work in the fields, climb trees, and even climb mountains, etc.
In simple words: Jaipur Foot technology, developed by Dr. Pramod Sethi and Ramchandra Sharma, provides versatile artificial limbs that enable differently-abled individuals to perform various daily activities with ease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the inventors and the practical benefits of the Jaipur Foot for disabled individuals.

Question 3.Urbanization
Answer:
(i) Urbanisation is a process of the concentration of population in a city or urban area. Increasing population is one major reason for urbanisation.
(ii) A few other factors affecting urbanisation are air, water and the economic as well as social organisations necessary for community life.
(iii) In the context of post-independence India, the increase in urban population is also due to factors such as a reduction in the mortality rate, industrialisation, unavailability of means of livelihood in rural areas, job opportunities in cities and the resulting migration.
In simple words: Urbanization is the growth of urban populations, driven by factors like increasing population, access to basic amenities, industrialization, and migration from rural areas due to lack of livelihood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the primary definition and key causes of urbanization, especially in the Indian context.

Question 4.Changing economic life
Answer:
(i) Earlier, every village was economically self-sufficient. A majority of the villagers were dependent on farming. Farm produce used to be distributed among artisans as payment for their work.
(ii) Now this situation has changed. Rural areas are engaged in agriculture and occupations ancillary to farming while urban society is engaged in non-agricultural production and the service sector.
In simple words: India's economic life has shifted from self-sufficient agrarian villages to a modern structure where rural areas focus on farming and urban areas on industrial and service sectors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast the traditional rural economic model with the modern economic structure of rural and urban areas.

4. Give Reasons:

Question 1.The campaign for pulse polio immunisation was initiated.
Answer:
The campaign of pulse polio immunisation was initiated because:
• Before 1978, every year, six Indian infants out of every 10 who were born faced fatal health problems in the very first year of their birth.
• The immunisation programme was taken up to overcome the threat of polio, measles, tetanus, TB, diphtheria, and whooping cough.
• The 'pulse polio' immunisation programme started in 1995 has controlled polio.
In simple words: The pulse polio immunisation campaign was launched to combat high infant mortality rates and prevent diseases like polio, which was a major health threat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the alarming health statistics before 1978 and the successful outcome of the pulse polio program.

Question 2.The Rural Water Supply Scheme was started.
Answer:
The State started the Rural Water Supply Scheme for sinking wells and providing piped water because:
(i) It is necessary to give priority to facilities for public hygiene and health-care. However even today, the rural population faces problems related to year-round provision of drinking water, toilets, open drainage, narrow roads, inadequate electrification and lack of facilities for medical treatment.
(ii) There is a lack of good quality educational facilities from primary level to higher education, centres for recreation and libraries.
(iii) The collective development scheme had an important place in all the first four five year plans of the government of India. The State of Maharashtra registered remarkable achievements under this scheme. By 1971, 1677 small dams had also been built.
In simple words: The Rural Water Supply Scheme was initiated to address severe public hygiene and healthcare issues, lack of basic amenities like drinking water and education, which were prioritized in India's five-year plans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the scheme to the broader goals of public health, education, and rural development outlined in the five-year plans.

5. Answer The Following Questions In 25-30 Words:

Question 1.Which kinds of discrimination does the Constitution prohibit?
Answer:
(i) According to our Constitution, all Indians are equal before the law, and they cannot be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender or place of birth.
(ii) All citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble peacefully without arms, freedom to form associations, freedom to move, to live and settle down anywhere on Indian territory and to practice any occupation.
(iii) Indian citizens living anywhere in India enjoy the right to nurture their language, script and culture.
In simple words: The Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth, ensuring equality before the law and protecting fundamental freedoms like speech, assembly, movement, and cultural rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the key grounds of discrimination forbidden by the Constitution and emphasize the inclusive nature of fundamental rights.

Question 2.What is the aim of the social welfare programme?
Answer:
(i) The objective to establish the welfare state has been incorporated in the Constitution itself.
(ii) The social welfare programmes aim to make opportunities for full-time employment, health care, education and development available to all Indian citizens. Indian society is riddled with large scale economic, social, educational and cultural inequalities.
(iii) However, it is necessary that opportunities for development reach women, children, the differently-abled, the scheduled castes and tribes as well as other minorities.
(iv) Hence on 14th June 1964, the government of India constituted the Ministry of Social Welfare. Under this ministry, various programmes are implemented for nutrition and child- development, social security and social protection, women's welfare and development.
In simple words: Social welfare programmes aim to establish a welfare state by ensuring equitable access to employment, healthcare, education, and development opportunities for all citizens, especially vulnerable groups like women, children, the differently-abled, and minorities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the constitutional basis for a welfare state and the target beneficiaries of social welfare programs, including the establishment date of the Ministry of Social Welfare.

Question 3.What are the challenges facing rural development?
Answer:
(i) In 1961, 82% of India's population resided in villages. In 1971, the percentage was 80.01%.
(ii) So far, the rural area has shouldered the responsibility of providing food grains and other raw material to urban areas, supplying labour to the industrial sectors of the city, and taking care of natural resources.
(iii) However there are three major challenges with reference to rural development, namely, bringing about economic development, developing facilities to meet social needs and finally bringing about a change of attitude in matters concerning society, culture and ways of thinking.
(iv) It is also equally necessary to expedite irrigation projects and bring about land reforms.
In simple words: Rural development faces challenges in achieving economic growth, providing essential social facilities, changing traditional attitudes, accelerating irrigation projects, and implementing land reforms, despite rural areas traditionally supporting urban sectors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the triple challenges of economic development, social needs, and attitudinal change, along with the necessity of irrigation and land reforms.

6. Write A Brief Review Of The Significant Events In The Field Of Public Health In India
Answer:
The Constitution of India states that the primary duty of the government is to raise the people's standard of living, to ensure proper nutrition and to improve public health. The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare at the Centre helps the state governments in this regard.
(i) To make primary health services as well as medical care available to rural people, the tribals and the poor was an objective of the Sixth Five Year plan. Efforts were made towards helping people maintain good health by giving recognition to Unani, Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Naturopathy in addition to Allopathy.
(ii) In 1962, the first successful open heart surgery was performed under the leadership of Dr N. Gopinath at Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu. Hence, it is no longer necessary to go abroad for such treatment.
(iii) The invention of the 'Jaipur Foot' has transformed the lives of the disabled in India.
(iv) Before 1968, if a person lost a leg in an accident, he had to suffer for the rest of his life. In order to remedy the situation, Dr Pramod Sethi designed and manufactured artificial limbs, noses and ears, with the help of the skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma.
(v) These artificial body parts manufactured with the help of the Jaipur foot technology have made it easy for the differently-abled to walk bare-foot on rough surfaces, run, go cycling, work in the fields, climb trees, and even climb mountains, etc.
(vi) They save on the expenses on shoes as there is no need for footwear on these artificial limbs. They can bend their legs at the knees and sit cross-legged.
(vii) These feet are also convenient while working in water or under wet conditions.
In simple words: India's public health progress, guided by the Constitution, includes efforts to provide primary healthcare in rural areas, recognize traditional medicine, perform advanced surgeries like the first open-heart surgery in 1962, and innovate with technologies like the Jaipur Foot, significantly improving the lives of disabled individuals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the constitutional mandate for public health, major medical breakthroughs (open-heart surgery, Jaipur Foot), and the recognition of diverse medical systems in India.

Class 9 History Chapter 9 Changing Life 1 Additional Important Questions And Answers

Choose The Correct Option From The Given Options And Rewrite The Statements:

Question 1.On 14th June 1964, the government of India constituted the Ministry of _____.
(a) Home Affairs
(b) Social Justice
(c) Social Welfare
(d) Education
Answer: (c) Social Welfare
In simple words: The Ministry of Social Welfare was established on June 14, 1964, by the Indian government to focus on social development and welfare programs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific ministry formed and its establishment date.

Question 2.According to the 1971 Census, _____ people in India belonged to scheduled castes.
(a) 21%
(b) 22%
(c) 23%
(d) 24%
Answer: (b) 22%
In simple words: The 1971 Census indicated that 22% of India's population belonged to scheduled castes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the percentage of scheduled castes as per the 1971 census.

Question 3.UNESCO awarded its international prize for the spread of literacy to _____ in 1972 and tribes.
(a) Gujarat
(b) Bengal
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Karnataka
Answer: (c) Maharashtra
In simple words: Maharashtra received an international prize from UNESCO in 1972 for its efforts in spreading literacy, especially among tribal communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Maharashtra as the state recognized by UNESCO for its literacy efforts.

Question 4.'Sinhagad Express' on the Pune-Mumbai route and '_____' on the Mumbai-Kolkata route were started which had no class divisions.
(a) Karmabhoomi Express
(b) Howrah Mail
(c) Shalimar Express
(d) Gitanjali Express
Answer: (d) Gitanjali Express
In simple words: The Gitanjali Express, along with the Sinhagad Express, were trains introduced without class distinctions on major routes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the name of the express train that had no class divisions, connecting Mumbai-Kolkata.

Question 5.A _____ was formed to help the development of industry in rural areas.
(a) Village Industries Planning Committee
(b) Co-operative Credit Societies
(c) Industrial Development Association
(d) Rural Industrial Council
Answer: (a) Village Industries Planning Committee
In simple words: The Village Industries Planning Committee was established to promote and support industrial development in rural regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific committee created for rural industrial development.

Question 6.A settlement smaller than a village is called a _____.
(a) Town
(b) Taluka
(c) Hamlet
(d) Locality
Answer: (c) Hamlet
In simple words: A hamlet is a small human settlement, typically smaller than a village.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the correct terminology for a settlement smaller than a village.

Identify And Write The Wrong Pair In The Following Sets:

Question 1.
(1) Kothari Commission – Agricultural Universities
(2) Durga – Open heart surgery
(3) Pramod Sethi – Artifical limbs
(4) Dr Mohan Rao – Kidney transplant
Answer: Wrong Pair: Durga – Open heart surgery
In simple words: The pair "Durga – Open heart surgery" is incorrect because Durga was the first test-tube baby, not associated with open-heart surgery.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you accurately associate individuals or entities with their respective contributions or events.

Question 2.
(1) Christian Medical College – Tamil Nadu
(2) Vidya Niketan – Chikhaldara
(3) Gitanjali Express – Pune-Mumbai route
(4) First successful artificial conception – Kolkata
Answer: Wrong Pair : Gitanjali Express – Pune-Mumbai route
In simple words: The Gitanjali Express operates on the Mumbai-Kolkata route, not the Pune-Mumbai route, making this pair incorrect.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verify the correct routes or locations associated with specific names or events.

Question 3.
(1) Ministry of Social welfare established in -1962
(2) Pulse polio immunisation started – 1995
(3) Maharashtra received a prize for literacy in Maharashtra -1972
(4) Rural Electrification Corporation – 1969
Answer: Wrong Pair : Ministry of Social welfare established in -1962
In simple words: The Ministry of Social Welfare was established in 1964, not 1962.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to dates and years associated with the establishment of organizations or programs.

Question 4.
(1) Village Industries Planning Committee – Development of Industries in rural areas
(2) Vidya Niketan – residential highschools
(3) Rural water supply schemes – sinking wells
(4) Objective of Sixth Five Year Plan – Advanced technology
Answer: Wrong Pair : Objective of Sixth five year plan – Advanced technology
In simple words: The objective of the Sixth Five Year Plan focused on primary health services and medical care for rural, tribal, and poor populations, not solely advanced technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific objectives and focus areas of different Five-Year Plans.

Do As Directed:

Complete The Table

Question 1.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to match key institutions with their operational areas or founding locations.

Question 2.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Compare and contrast the key characteristics of rural and urban communities before the influence of globalization.

Complete The Web Diagram

Question 1.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख 'टीकाकरण' (Immunisation) के तहत कवर की जाने वाली विभिन्न बीमारियों को दर्शाता है। इसमें खसरा (Measles), पोलियो (Polio), डिप्थीरिया (Diphtheria), काली खांसी (Whooping Cough), टेटनस (Tetanus) और टीबी (TB) जैसी बीमारियों को टीकाकरण कार्यक्रम के घटकों के रूप में दिखाया गया है। यह बताता है कि टीकाकरण इन बीमारियों से बचाव के लिए एक केंद्रीय उपाय है।
In simple words: The web diagram illustrates the various diseases targeted by immunization programs, including Polio, Whooping Cough, Diphtheria, TB, Measles, and Tetanus, indicating the comprehensive scope of vaccination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to recall the major diseases that are prevented through immunization programs.

Question 2.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख भारतीय संविधान (Indian Constitution) द्वारा प्रदान की गई विभिन्न स्वतंत्रताओं और अधिकारों को दर्शाता है। इसमें संघ बनाने की स्वतंत्रता (Freedom to form associations), कोई भी पेशा अपनाने का अधिकार (To practice any occupation), भाषण और अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार (Right to freedom of speech and expression), कहीं भी जाने की स्वतंत्रता (Freedom to move), भारतीय क्षेत्र में कहीं भी रहने और बसने की स्वतंत्रता (To live and settle down anywhere on Indian territory), और अपनी भाषा, लिपि और संस्कृति का पोषण करने का अधिकार (The right to nurture their language, script and culture) शामिल हैं। यह दर्शाता है कि भारतीय संविधान अपने नागरिकों को व्यापक मौलिक अधिकार प्रदान करता है।
In simple words: This web diagram illustrates fundamental freedoms and rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution, such as freedom of association, occupation, speech and expression, movement, settlement, and the right to preserve one's language and culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the key freedoms and rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.

Write Short Notes:

Question 1.Rural Development
Answer:
(i) In 1961, 82% of India's population resided in villages.
(ii) In 1971, the percentage was 80.01%. So far, the rural area has shouldered the responsibility of providing food grains and other raw material to urban areas, supplying labour to the industrial sectors of the city, and taking care of natural resources.
(iii) There are three major challenges with reference to rural development, namely, bringing about economic development, developing facilities to meet social needs and finally bringing about a change of attitude in matters concerning society, culture and ways of thinking.
(iv) It is equally necessary to expedite irrigation projects and bring about land reforms.
In simple words: Rural development in India, despite a declining rural population, faces crucial challenges in economic growth, fulfilling social needs, changing societal attitudes, and implementing essential land reforms and irrigation projects.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the historical population data, the role of rural areas, and the multifaceted challenges in achieving comprehensive rural development.

Question 2.Social Welfare
Answer:
(i) The objective to establish the welfare state has been incorporated in the Constitution itself. India is the first country in the world to do so.
(ii) The social welfare programmes aim to make opportunities for full-time employment, health care, education and development available to all Indian citizens.
(iii) It is necessary that opportunities for development reach women, children, the differently-abled, the scheduled castes and tribes as well as other minorities.
(iv) This was the greatest challenge facing the government during the post-independence period
(v) That is why, on 14 June 1964, the government of India constituted the Ministry of Social Welfare.
(vi) Under this ministry various programmes are implemented for nutrition and child development, social security and social protection, women's welfare and development.
In simple words: India's Constitution aims to create a welfare state, leading to social welfare programs that provide employment, healthcare, and education, particularly for vulnerable groups, spearheaded by the Ministry of Social Welfare established in 1964.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the constitutional basis, the broad objectives of social welfare, the focus on marginalized groups, and the role of the Ministry of Social Welfare.

Question 3.Kidney transplant
Answer:
(i) Since kidney transplant can now be performed in India, doctors have succeeded in saving patients' lives. Such surgeries were not so common in India till 1971.
(ii) But in 1971, it was successfully performed at the Christian Medical College hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu.
(iii) Dr. Johny and Dr. Mohan Rao transplanted the kidney donated by a living person into the patient's body.
(iv) Nowadays, patients from underdeveloped countries come to India for such surgeries.
In simple words: Kidney transplants, successfully performed in India since 1971 by doctors like Dr. Johny and Dr. Mohan Rao at Christian Medical College, Vellore, have significantly improved patient survival rates and made India a destination for such advanced surgeries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the year and location of the first successful kidney transplant in India and the doctors involved.

Question 4.Test-tube baby
Answer:
(i) Right from early times, having a baby is considered to be of utmost importance in the Indian family system.
(ii) The support of 'test-tube baby' technology has been available to childless couples since 1978.
(iii) It was under the supervision of Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyaya that the experiment of the test-tube baby was successfully carried out at Kolkata.
(iv) This was the first successful attempt at artificial conception. A girl named Durga was born.
(v) This technology helped to solve the problem of childless couples who wanted children.
In simple words: Test-tube baby technology, pioneered in India by Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyaya in Kolkata since 1978, has provided a crucial solution for childless couples, with the birth of Durga marking the first successful artificial conception.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year, the doctor, the city, and the name of India's first test-tube baby.

Explain Statements With Reason:

Question 1.Rural electrification is essential.
Answer:
Rural electrification is essential because:
(i) Electricity is essential for the development of rural areas. Automatic pumps are needed to water the fields.
(ii) Electricity is also needed to preserve perishable food items such as milk, eggs, fruits, and vegetables, to run fertilizer projects and for fans and TV, and for lights for studying at night.
(iii) During the first five-year plan, electricity had been provided to three thousand villages in India. By 1973, it reached 1,38,646 villages. From 1966, it was decided to supply more electricity for pumps and borewells.
(iv) 'Rural Electrification Corporation' was established in 1969.
In simple words: Rural electrification is vital for agricultural development, food preservation, and improving the quality of life through lighting and appliances, with significant progress made since the first five-year plan and the establishment of the Rural Electrification Corporation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the multi-faceted benefits of electricity for rural areas, including agriculture, household needs, and economic activities, and key milestones in its expansion.

Question 2.It is necessary to give special attention to rural areas.
Answer:
(i) It is necessary to give priority to facilities for public hygiene and health-care.
(ii) Even today the rural population faces problems related to year round provision of drinking water, toilets, open drainage, narrow roads, inadequate electrification and lack of facilities for medical treatment.
(iii) There is a lack of good quality educational facilities from primary level to higher education, centres for recreation and libraries. That is why it is necessary to give special attention to rural areas.
In simple words: Special attention is needed for rural areas due to ongoing deficiencies in basic amenities like public hygiene, healthcare, drinking water, and quality educational facilities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the critical gaps in infrastructure and services that necessitate focused development efforts in rural regions.

Question 3.The Rural Local Self-Government was empowered with more authority.
Answer:
(i) Keeping in mind the goal of rural development, the collective development scheme has come into force.
(ii) Plans were made for improving farming technology, increasing the area of irrigated land, extending educational facilities, enacting the laws for land reform under this scheme.
(iii) It also aimed at increasing agricultural produce as well as expanding the means of transport, health services and scope for education in the rural areas.
(iv) The government undertook this work through the medium of Gram Panchayats which included the people from all castes and tribes.
(v) To achieve this, the Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishads were empowered with more authority.
In simple words: Rural local self-governments were empowered to drive collective development, focusing on agriculture, irrigation, education, health, and land reforms, ensuring inclusive participation through Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, and Zilla Parishads.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the empowerment of local self-government bodies to the comprehensive goals of rural development, including agriculture, social services, and land reforms.

Read The Following Passage And Answer The Questions Below:

Public health: The Constitution of India states that ' the primary duty of the government is to raise the people's standard of living, to ensure proper nutrition and to improve public health. The ministry of health and Social Welfare at the Centre helps the state governments in this regard. To make primary health services as well as medical care available to rural people, the tribals and the poor was an objective of the Sixth Five Year plan. Efforts were made towards helping people maintain good health by giving recognition to Unani, Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Naturopathy in addition to Allopathy, Progress in the medical field has made the life of Indians relatively free of health concerns. In 1962, the first successful open heart surgery was performed under the leadership of Dr. N. Gopinath at Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu, Hence, it is no longer necessary to go abroad for such treatment.

Question 1. Prepare a concept map of recognised health care and medical treatments in India.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र भारत में मान्यता प्राप्त स्वास्थ्य देखभाल और चिकित्सा उपचारों को दर्शाता है। इसमें शीर्ष पर 'स्वास्थ्य देखभाल और चिकित्सा उपचार' मुख्य श्रेणी है, जिससे उप-शाखाएं 'यूनानी', 'एलोपैथी', 'होम्योपैथी', 'आयुर्वेद' और 'नेचुरोपैथी' निकल रही हैं, जो विभिन्न चिकित्सा प्रणालियों का प्रतिनिधित्व करती हैं। यह आरेख भारत में उपलब्ध विभिन्न प्रकार के उपचारों को सूचीबद्ध करता है।
In simple words: The concept map illustrates various recognized healthcare and medical treatments in India, categorizing them under a main heading and listing different traditional and modern systems like Unani, Allopathy, Homeopathy, Ayurveda, and Naturopathy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a concept map or diagram is requested, accurately identify all the listed components and their relationships to create a comprehensive textual description.

Question 2. Who was Dr. N. Gopinath? State his achievement?
Answer: Dr. N. Gopinath was an experienced surgeon at Christian Medical College Hospital of Vellore under whose leadership an Open Heart Surgery was performed for the first time in India in 1962.
In simple words: Dr. N. Gopinath was a surgeon who led India's first successful open-heart surgery in 1962 at Vellore, a significant medical milestone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on key individuals and their pioneering contributions in medical history, including specific dates and locations for maximum score.

Question 3. Which disease among children do you consider most threatful? Why?
Answer: I would consider Polio as one of the most threatening diseases. It renders an infant physically impaired or incapacitated for life. Without physical development, it is not possible for a child to lead a normal life. He/she becomes dependent on others for daily chores and cannot become self-reliant.
In simple words: Polio is considered very threatening for children because it causes permanent physical disability, preventing normal development and self-reliance throughout their lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for an opinion on threatful diseases, provide a clear disease name and a concise, impactful reason explaining its severity and long-term consequences.

Answer The Following Questions In Detail:

Question 1. State the achievements of Christian Medical College Hospital.
Answer:
(i) In 1962, the first successful open heart surgery was performed under the leadership of Dr. N. Gopinath at Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu.
(ii) In 1971, kidney transplant was successfully performed at the Christian Medical College hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu. Dr Johny and Dr Mohan Rao transplanted the kidney donated by a living person into the patient's body.
In simple words: Christian Medical College Hospital in Vellore achieved two major medical milestones: performing India's first successful open-heart surgery in 1962 and the first successful kidney transplant in 1971.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight specific, groundbreaking medical procedures, the year they were performed, and the key individuals or institutions involved when discussing medical achievements.

Question 2. Explain, how 'Jaipur Foot' has transformed the lives of the disabled in India?
Answer:
(i) The invention of the 'Jaipur Foot' has transformed the lives of the disabled in India. Before 1968, if a person lost a leg in an accident, he had to suffer for the rest of his life.
(ii) In order to remedy the situation, Dr Pramod Sethi designed and manufactured artificial limbs, noses and ears, with the help of the skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma.
(iii) These artificial body parts manufactured with the help of the Jaipur foot technology have made it easy for the differently abled to walk bare-foot on rough surfaces, rim, go cycling, work in the fields, climb trees, and even climb mountains, etc.
(iv) They save on the expenses on shoes as there is no need for footwear on these artificial limbs. They can bend their legs at the knees and sit cross-legged.
(v) These feet are also convenient while working in water or wet conditions.
In simple words: The Jaipur Foot revolutionized life for disabled individuals by providing affordable, functional artificial limbs that enable activities like walking barefoot, running, cycling, and working, offering independence and dignity previously unavailable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the specific limitations faced before the innovation and then detail the practical benefits and activities enabled by the Jaipur Foot, emphasizing its impact on daily life.

Question 3. What measures were taken up to uplift the scheduled castes and tribes?
Answer:
(i) According to the 1971 Census, 22% people in India belonged to scheduled castes and tribes.
(ii) Laws were enacted so that they got educational scholarships, and representation in Parliament as well State Assemblies. Some seats are also reserved for them in Government services.
In simple words: To uplift scheduled castes and tribes, the government provided educational scholarships, reserved seats in Parliament and State Assemblies, and allocated quotas in government services to ensure their representation and development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on specific government policies and initiatives, such as reservations and scholarships, detailing how they directly addressed the upliftment of marginalized communities.

Question 4. Give an account of the collective development scheme that was featured in the first four Five Year Plans.
Answer:
(i) The collective development scheme had an important place in all the first four five year plans of the government of India.
(ii) The State of Maharashtra registered remarkable achievements under this scheme. For example, ‘Zilla Parishads' was established in 1962.
(iii) Nutritious diet scheme was launched in 1970-1971. The State also started the 'Rural Water Supply Scheme' for sinking wells and providing piped water.
(iv) By 1971,1677 small dams had also been built.
In simple words: The collective development scheme in the first four Five Year Plans focused on comprehensive rural upliftment, including establishing Zilla Parishads, launching nutritious diet programs, improving rural water supply, and building small dams.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing development schemes, mention their prominence in national plans (e.g., Five Year Plans) and provide concrete examples of initiatives and their achievements to demonstrate impact.