Maharashtra Board Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Solutions

Std 9 Geography Chapter 9 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Trade Class 9 Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Geography Class 9 Chapter 9 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Question 1. Classify the trade taking place between the following regions:
(1) Maharashtra and Punjab
(2) India and Japan
(3) Lasalgaon and Pune
(4) China and Canada
(5) India and European Union
Answer:
(1) Internal trade
(2) International trade
(3) Internal trade
(4) International trade
(5) International trade
In simple words: This question asks to categorize different trade scenarios as either internal (within a country) or international (between countries) based on the regions involved. Internal trade occurs within national borders, while international trade crosses them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately identifying the geographical scope of trade (local, national, or international) is key to scoring. Pay attention to the country names or regions mentioned.

 

Question 2. Write the correct word- Import or Export for the following :
(1) India buys crude oil from the Middle-East Asian countries.
(2) Wheat is sent to Asian countries from Canada.
(3) Japan sends machine parts to APEC countries.
Answer:
(1) Import
(2) Export
(3) Export
In simple words: This question identifies whether a transaction is an import (buying from another country) or an export (selling to another country) from the perspective of the specified country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the directional flow of goods. If a country "buys" or "receives," it's an import. If it "sends" or "sells," it's an export.

 

Question 3. Correct and rewrite the wrong statements:
(A) India is a self-sufficient country.
Answer: India is not a self-sufficient country as it depends on other countries for crude oil, machinery, etc.
(B) The place where there is excess production does not have demand for those products.
Answer: The place where there is excess production more creates 'supply' for those products.
(C) International trade processes are easier than local trade.
Answer: International trade processes are relatively more difficult than local trade.
In simple words: This question corrects common misconceptions about a country's self-sufficiency, the relationship between production and demand, and the complexity of international trade compared to local trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: For true/false or correction questions, identify the core incorrect statement and provide a clear, concise factual correction. Focus on the fundamental principles of trade and economics.

 

Question 4. Identify and write the type of trade:
(A) Srushti brought sugar from the grocery shop.
Answer: Retail Trade.
(B) The traders from Surat bought cotton from the farmers of Maharashtra.
Answer: Wholesale Trade.
(C) Sameer has exported pomegranates from his farms to Australia.
Answer: International Trade.
(D) Sadabhau bought 10 sacks of wheat and 5 sacks of rice from Market Yard for selling in his own shop.
Answer: Wholesale Trade.
In simple words: This question asks to classify various trade scenarios based on the quantity of goods involved and the parties engaged in the transaction, differentiating between retail, wholesale, and international trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the scale of transaction (small quantity for personal use vs. large quantity for resale) and the geographic scope to correctly classify trade types.

 

Question 5. Write answers in short:
(A) Create a flowchart showing the types of trade
Answer: Trade refers to buying and selling for fulfilling each other's needs. Trade is divided into two categories:

• On the basis of the quantity of goods.


• On the basis of the extent of trade region.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक फ़्लोचार्ट है जो व्यापार के प्रकारों को दर्शाता है। शीर्ष पर 'व्यापार' है, जो दो मुख्य शाखाओं में विभाजित होता है: 'वस्तुओं की मात्रा के आधार पर' और 'व्यापार क्षेत्र की सीमा के आधार पर'। मात्रा के आधार पर 'थोक व्यापार' और 'खुदरा व्यापार' हैं, जबकि क्षेत्र के आधार पर 'घरेलू / आंतरिक व्यापार' और 'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय / बाहरी व्यापार' हैं। घरेलू व्यापार से आगे 'आयात' और 'निर्यात' की शाखाएँ निकलती हैं।
In simple words: This answer defines trade and then visually organizes its types into a flowchart, categorizing them by quantity (wholesale, retail) and geographical extent (domestic, international), further breaking down international trade into import and export.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to create a flowchart, ensure clear hierarchy, logical connections between categories, and accurate labeling of each element. A well-structured flowchart demonstrates a strong understanding of the concept.

 

(B) Explain the difference in types of balances of trade.
Answer: The difference between the import and export values of a country in a specific period is called balance of trade. The different types of balance of trade are:

• Unfavourable Balance of Trade: When the value of imports is more than the value of exports, it is called 'Unfavourable Balance of Trade.'

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'अनुकूल व्यापार संतुलन' को दर्शाता है। एक तुला या सीसॉ के डिज़ाइन का उपयोग करके, आयात पक्ष (Imports) का पलड़ा निर्यात पक्ष (Exports) से भारी दिखाया गया है, जो यह दर्शाता है कि किसी देश का आयात उसके निर्यात से अधिक है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप व्यापार में घाटा होता है।

• Favourable Balance of Trade: When the value of exports is more than the value of imports, it is called 'Favourable Balance of Trade.'

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'प्रतिकूल व्यापार संतुलन' को दर्शाता है। एक तुला या सीसॉ के डिज़ाइन का उपयोग करके, निर्यात पक्ष (Exports) का पलड़ा आयात पक्ष (Imports) से भारी दिखाया गया है, जो यह दर्शाता है कि किसी देश का निर्यात उसके आयात से अधिक है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप व्यापार में अधिशेष होता है।

• Balanced Balance of Trade: When the value of exports and imports is almost the same, it is called 'Balanced Balance of Trade.'

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'संतुलित व्यापार संतुलन' को दर्शाता है। एक तुला या सीसॉ के डिज़ाइन का उपयोग करके, आयात पक्ष (Imports) और निर्यात पक्ष (Exports) दोनों के पलड़े बराबर दिखाए गए हैं, जो यह दर्शाता है कि किसी देश का आयात और निर्यात मूल्य लगभग समान हैं, जिससे व्यापार संतुलन बना रहता है।
In simple words: Balance of trade measures the difference between a country's imports and exports. It can be unfavorable (more imports), favorable (more exports), or balanced (imports and exports are nearly equal).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define "balance of trade" and then explain each type (favorable, unfavorable, balanced) with a precise condition comparing import and export values. Using examples can further strengthen your answer.

 

(C) State the objectives of WTO.
Answer: WTO stands for World Trade Organisation. The main objectives of WTO are:

• To provide platform for negotiations in international trade.


• To handle the differences related to trade.


• To monitor the trade policies of member states.


• To provide a technological assistance and training to developing countries.

In simple words: The WTO aims to facilitate smooth international trade by offering a platform for negotiations, resolving trade disputes, overseeing trade policies, and assisting developing nations with technical support and training.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing objectives of an organization, use clear, action-oriented bullet points. Focus on the primary roles and benefits provided by the organization.

 

(D) What is the difference between the OPEC and APEC in terms of their functions?
Answer:

OPEC	APEC
(i) OPEC stands for Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.	APEC stands for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
(ii) OPEC is the organisation of oil-producing and exporting countries.	APEC is the regional organisation of the countries in the Asia Pacific region.
(iii) It keeps control over the international trade of crude oil.	It promotes free trade and economic cooperation among the member countries.
(iv) It keeps control on the rates of crude oil production among member states.	It promotes regional and technical cooperation among members.

In simple words: OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) primarily focuses on regulating the production and international trade of crude oil, while APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) promotes free trade and economic and technical cooperation among its member countries in the Asia-Pacific region across various sectors.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating between organizations, a table format is excellent. Clearly state the full form, primary focus, and specific functions of each to highlight their distinctions.

 

(E) Write the functions of the important trade organisations in Asia.
Answer: Important trade organisations in Asia are:
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

• To expand social and cultural harmony along with economic growth in South East Asia.


• To promote regional peace.


• To promote tax waivers for trade growth in member states.

Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC)

• To promote free trade and economic co-operation in the Asia-Pacific Ocean region.


• To promote regional and technical co-operation among members.

In simple words: This answer outlines the key functions of two major Asian trade organizations: ASEAN, which aims for socio-cultural harmony, economic growth, and regional peace with trade incentives, and APEC, which promotes free trade and economic and technical cooperation across the Asia-Pacific region.

🎯 Exam Tip: For organizational functions, list specific, distinct roles. Use headings for each organization to ensure clarity and easy readability, making the answer well-structured.

 

(F) What is the importance of marketing from farmers 'point of view'?
Answer: Marketing involves price of a commodity, its sales promotion, its advertising and its proper distribution.

• In the traditional marketing system, the farmers used to sell their products in the local market at whatever price available. This is because the fruits and vegetables are perishable, so the farmers used to incur losses,


• However, the modern farmers have acquired skills in marketing. They are aware of the trends in the market.


• They produce food grains and fruits as per the international standards.


• They undertake grading and packaging of their products. The presentation of any product has become indispensable now.


• They advertise the quality of their product and keep the same for sale, along with samples, in the mall.


• These commercial-minded farmers contact the supermarkets and exporters through the internet.


• As a result, their products are sold at a higher price in the malls. They also fetch a good price from exports.


• Thus marketing is as important as the cultivation of crops. By following modern marketing techniques, the income of the farmers can increase and that can improve their standard of living.

In simple words: From a farmer's perspective, modern marketing is crucial as it helps them get better prices by standardizing, grading, packaging, and advertising their produce, connecting them to wider markets like supermarkets and exporters, thereby improving their income and living standards.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the evolution from traditional to modern marketing. Highlight specific strategies (grading, packaging, advertising, online presence) and their direct benefits to farmers (better prices, higher income, improved living standards).

 

Question 6. In the following table, export-import of some countries in the year 2014-15 is given in million U.S. dollars. Make a compound bar graph of the given statistical information. Read the bar diagram carefully and comment upon the balance of payments of the respective countries.

Country	Export	Import
China	2143	1960
India	272	380
Brazil	190	241
USA	1510	2380

Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक संयुक्त बार ग्राफ है जिसका शीर्षक 'कंपाउंड बार ग्राफ एक्सपोर्ट-इम्पोर्ट' है, जो वर्ष 2014-15 के लिए विभिन्न देशों के निर्यात और आयात को मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर में दर्शाता है। Y-अक्ष 'एक्सपोर्ट-इम्पोर्ट (मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर में)' को 0 से 4400 तक 200 के अंतराल में दिखाता है, और X-अक्ष 'कंट्री' (चीन, भारत, ब्राजील, यूएसए) को दर्शाता है। एक इंडेक्स आयात को हल्के ग्रे पैटर्न से और निर्यात को धारीदार पैटर्न से दर्शाता है। यह ग्राफ चीन, भारत, ब्राजील और यूएसए के लिए आयात और निर्यात के तुलनात्मक आंकड़े प्रस्तुत करता है।

• China has a balance of trade.


• India, USA and Brazil have an unfavourable balance of trade.


• The volume of international trade of China and the USA is maximum.


• International trade of India and Brazil is insignificant.


• International trade is dominated by China and the USA.

In simple words: Based on the provided data, a compound bar graph would show China having a trade surplus (exports > imports), while India, Brazil, and the USA exhibit trade deficits (imports > exports). China and USA have the largest trade volumes, indicating their dominance in international trade compared to India and Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing a bar graph for trade data, first identify the scale and units. Then, for each country, compare its export bar to its import bar to determine favorable, unfavorable, or balanced trade. Finally, compare the total trade volume across countries to identify dominance.

 

Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Intext Questions and Answers

 

Make friends with maps!

Find out the names of the member-states of the following organisation with the help of internet. Show these member nations on the outline map given in the figure using different colour for each organisation.
(1) OPEC member - countries
(2) SAARC member - countries
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक विश्व का राजनीतिक मानचित्र है जिसमें OPEC (पेट्रोलियम निर्यातक देशों का संगठन) और SAARC (दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठन) के सदस्य देशों को अलग-अलग रंगों में हाइलाइट किया गया है। यह मानचित्र इन दोनों महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठनों के भौगोलिक विस्तार और उनके सदस्य राष्ट्रों की पहचान को स्पष्ट रूप से दर्शाता है।
(1) OPEC member- countries
Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, The United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Angola, Equatorial Guinea.
(2) SAARC countries
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
In simple words: This answer provides the list of member countries for OPEC, focusing on major oil-producing nations, and for SAARC, comprising South Asian countries, indicating their respective regional and economic affiliations.

🎯 Exam Tip: For map-based questions, accurately recall the member countries of key international organizations. Ensure your lists are complete and correctly spell each country's name.

 

Can you tell?

With a lot of hard work Dhondiba used to grow best varieties of vegetables and other agricultural commodities. But his products could not fetch a good price. His college-going son, saw this situation and he first packed the commodities nicely after cleaning them neatly. Then he contacted the supermarket in the town. Looking at the quality of his product, they advertised the farm product and kept it for sale in the mall. Today, Dhondiba's commodities are being sold for higher prices than before.

 

Question 1. Why did Dhondiba's commodities start getting higher prices?
Answer: For any commodity to be accepted in the market and fetch a better price, it should have an appropriate presentation. The price of the commodity is determined by its quality, its grading and how it is presented before the customer. Dhondiba's son who was educated, realized this and took the necessary actions in time which helped Dhondiba to fetch better price.
In simple words: Dhondiba's commodities started getting higher prices because his son improved their presentation, ensured quality and proper grading, and effectively marketed them, making them more appealing to customers and supermarkets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the factors that influence product pricing and market acceptance: quality, grading, and presentation. Explain how Dhondiba's son addressed these to achieve better sales.

 

Question 2. What did Dhondiba's son do for that?
Answer: Dhondiba's college-going son realised that the agricultural commodities sold by his father lacked proper presentation and marketing. So he adopted modern marketing practices like cleaned the commodities well and packed them nicely. He then got in touch with the supermarket in the town. The supermarket was impressed with the quality of Dhondiba's products, they advertised the farm product and kept it for sale in the mall. Dhondiba's commodities were in great demand and sold at higher prices than before.
In simple words: Dhondiba's son cleaned and nicely packed the commodities, contacted a supermarket, and ensured the products were properly advertised, thus improving their market appeal and demand.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the specific actions taken by Dhondiba's son: cleaning, packaging, approaching supermarkets, and leveraging advertising. These demonstrate practical application of marketing principles.

 

Question 3. What measures would you suggest to the farmers near you so that then commodities can fetch a good price?
Answer: Some of the measures that we can suggest to the farmers so that then commodities can fetch a better price are:

• Clean their vegetables, fruits well.


• Grade the commodities.


• Pack them nicely.


• Advertise their farm products.


• Sell it in the market.

In simple words: To get better prices, farmers should clean, grade, and package their produce well, promote their products, and explore diverse market channels beyond local selling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide actionable, practical advice. Focus on improving product quality, presentation, and market access (e.g., direct sales, tie-ups with supermarkets, advertising) to secure better prices.

 

Give it a try.

Obtain information regarding the bilateral trade between India and Japan for any financial year and the value of the export and import of major goods. Write two paragraphs on it.
Answer: India's Trade with Japan (April 2016-Jan 2017)

Exports	Rs. 20,000 Cr
Imports	Rs. 55,000 Cr
Trade Balance	Rs. 35,000 Cr

This shows that India has an Unfavourable Balance of Trade with Japan, in which the value of Imports is more than the value of Exports.
India's major exports to Japan
Petroleum products, Iron ore, Fish Meat (including lobsters, crabs, shrimps etc) Motor parts, Insecticides, Fungicides, Turbo-jets, Gas turbines etc.
India's major imports from Japan
Iron and Steel Products, Transport Equipments, Plastic, Machinery items like Drilling Platforms, Floating Cranes, Printing machinery etc.
In simple words: India's trade with Japan in 2016-17 showed an unfavorable balance, with imports (Rs. 55,000 Cr) significantly exceeding exports (Rs. 20,000 Cr). Major Indian exports included raw materials and some manufactured goods, while imports were largely advanced machinery and industrial products.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing trade data, always state the balance of trade (favorable or unfavorable) and support it with actual figures. Also, list both major export and import categories to give a comprehensive overview of the trade relationship.

 

Think about it.

 

Question 1. What will happen if there is only one currency used in the whole world?
Answer: The European Union is an example, which has one common currency 'Euro'. Advantages of having one common currency. If the whole world has one common currency, international trade will become much easier and move will increase international trade also. Disadvantages of having one common currency. If all the countries adopt one common currency, there will be one uniform policy. No country will be able to have their own monetary and fiscal policy.
In simple words: A single global currency would simplify international trade and transactions, but it would also mean that individual countries lose control over their independent monetary and fiscal policies, leading to a uniform global economic policy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Address both the advantages (ease of trade, reduced currency risk) and disadvantages (loss of monetary policy autonomy, impact on national economic stability) of a single global currency. Provide an existing example like the Eurozone.

 

Find out.

You get products from other places. Similarly, find out where the special products/items made in your village/city are sent?
Answer: I live in Mumbai.
Special products exported from Mumbai and where they are sent:
Cotton textiles - China, USA
Commercial vehicles - Mexico, South Africa
In simple words: This answer provides examples of special products exported from Mumbai, such as cotton textiles to China and USA, and commercial vehicles to Mexico and South Africa, demonstrating global trade connections.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing examples for trade, be specific about the products and their destination countries. This shows a practical understanding of supply chains and international markets.

 

Try this.

(I) Obtain the following information.
Question 1. Make a list of commodities which you use daily.
Answer: Toothpaste, powder, tea, hair oil, biscuits, food grains.
In simple words: Daily use commodities include common household and food items like toothpaste, powder, tea, hair oil, biscuits, and food grains.

🎯 Exam Tip: For simple listing questions, ensure your examples are common and directly relate to the prompt, demonstrating everyday relevance.

 

Question 2. Who uses these commodities?
Answer: We as consumers use these commodities.
In simple words: These commodities are primarily used by individuals and households, who are the end consumers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify the end-user or beneficiary. In the context of commodities, this is typically the consumer.

 

Question 3. Write the sources of supplies of these commodities.
Answer: Producers are the source of supplies.
In simple words: The main source of supply for these commodities is the producers or manufacturers who create them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the origin point in the supply chain. For manufactured goods and food items, the initial source is the producer or farmer.

 

Question 4. From where do you buy these commodities?
Answer: Retail Shop.
In simple words: Consumers typically purchase these daily commodities from retail shops, which are direct points of sale.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the common purchasing point for consumers. Retail shops, supermarkets, or local vendors are typical answers.

 

Question 5. What do you call the act of buying and selling?
Answer: Trade.
In simple words: The fundamental economic activity of exchanging goods or services for money or other goods is called trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide the most direct and accurate term for the activity described. "Trade" is the core concept here.

 

Question 6. What does the shopkeeper take in lieu of the commodity?
Answer: The shopkeeper takes money (currency) in lieu of the commodity.
In simple words: In exchange for a commodity, a shopkeeper receives money or currency as payment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the medium of exchange in a commercial transaction. Money or currency is the universal answer.

 

(II) A list of few goods you regularly use at home, is given here. Write the names of the product, the producer company's name and the source of information in front of it.

Goods that Name of the you use	Name of the company	Source of information
Colgate Toothpaste	Palmolive	T.V. advertisement
Coffee Nescafe	Nestle	T.V. advertisement
Bathing Soap Lux	Unilever	T.V. advertisement
Hair Oil Parachute	Marica India	T.V. advertisement
Biscuits Parle G	Parle Products	T.V. advertisement

Choice may vary from consumer to consumer.
In simple words: This table identifies common household products, their presumed manufacturing companies, and the primary advertising medium (T.V. advertisements) through which consumers learn about them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When filling out tables for product information, ensure you accurately list the product, its corresponding company, and a common source of information like television advertisements or digital media.

 

(F) Use your brain power! Suppose you are a trader and you want to sell your product in other states of the country and also in other parts of the world
Question 1. Which of these is an easier way of doing trade?
Answer: To sell the product in other states of the country, domestic or internal trade is easier. To sell the product in other parts of the world, international trade, i.e. export trade is done
In simple words: Selling products within the same country (domestic trade) is generally easier due to fewer regulations and logistical complexities, compared to selling to other parts of the world (international trade).

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between domestic and international trade in terms of complexity. Domestic trade is simpler due to common laws, currency, and logistical ease, while international trade involves more challenges.

 

Question 2. Which trade can bring some limitations?
Answer: International trade.
In simple words: International trade inherently involves more limitations due to diverse regulations, currencies, customs, and political factors across countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify international trade as the type of trade that inherently carries more limitations due to its cross-border nature, implying various economic, legal, and political challenges.

 

Question 3. Look for reasons behind them
Answer: Factors like economy of the country, government policis, markets, laws, judicial system, currency, language and political relation between the two trading countries can bring limitations in international trade.
In simple words: Limitations in international trade stem from factors such as differing national economies, government policies, legal systems, currency exchange, language barriers, and political relationships between trading countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining limitations in international trade, list a range of factors including economic (currency, markets), political (government policies, relations), and legal/social (laws, language). This shows a comprehensive understanding.

 

Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing a colored option from the bracket:

 

Question 1. .......................... refers to buying and selling goods and services to fulfill each other's needs.
(a) Trade
(b) Business
(c) Labelling
(d) Branding
Answer: (a) Trade
In simple words: The act of buying and selling goods and services to meet mutual needs is fundamentally defined as trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand core definitions. "Trade" is the most direct and accurate term for the exchange of goods and services to satisfy needs.

 

Question 2. When there is buying and selling of goods it is called .............................. trade.
(a) invisible
(b) visible
(c) impossible
(d) possible
Answer: (b) visible
In simple words: Trade involving tangible goods is referred to as visible trade because the items being exchanged are physically observable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between visible and invisible trade. Visible trade involves physical goods, whereas invisible trade involves services. Always connect the type of trade to the nature of the items exchanged.

 

Question 3. Buying and selling in large quantities is called .............................. trade.
(a) wholesale
(b) retail
(c) invisible
(d) none of these
Answer: (a) wholesale
In simple words: When goods are bought and sold in bulk, typically by businesses for resale rather than by end-consumers, it is known as wholesale trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between wholesale and retail trade based on the quantity and purpose of the transaction. Large quantities for resale define wholesale trade.

 

Question 4. .......................... trade refers to buying and selling in small quantities.
(a) Invisible
(b) Retail
(c) Wholesale
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) Retail
In simple words: Buying and selling goods in small quantities directly to the final consumer is termed retail trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect "small quantities" and "final consumers" to the definition of retail trade. This is a common point of confusion with wholesale trade, so clarity is important.

 

Question 5. .......................... trade means buying goods and services from another country
(a) Export
(b) Retail
(c) Wholesale
(d) Import
Answer: (d) Import
In simple words: The act of purchasing goods and services from a foreign country and bringing them into one's own country is called import trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between import and export. "Buying from another country" specifically defines import, whereas "selling to another country" defines export.

 

Question 6. When the value of imports is more than the value of exports it is called .............................. balance of trade.
(a) favourable
In simple words: When a country buys more goods and services from abroad than it sells, resulting in a negative trade balance, it is known as an unfavorable balance of trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that when imports exceed exports, it signifies an "unfavorable" (or deficit) balance of trade. Conversely, more exports lead to a "favorable" (or surplus) balance.

Question 7. ............... was formed to control the international trade of crude oil.

(a) OPEC
(b) APEC
(c) ASEAN
(d) WTO
Answer: (a) OPEC
In simple words: OPEC is an organization of oil-producing countries that works together to manage and control the global crude oil trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the full form and primary function of key international organizations like OPEC to score well on multiple-choice questions.

Question 8. BRICS stands for ............... .

(a) Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China and Sudan
(b) Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
(c) Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Answer: (b) Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
In simple words: BRICS is an acronym for the powerful economic bloc of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the full forms and member countries of important international groupings is crucial for general knowledge and geography questions.

Question 9. ............... was formed to establish an integrated market in member nations in Europe.

(a) EU
(b) ASEAN
(c) BRICS
(d) OPEC
Answer: (a) EU
In simple words: The European Union (EU) was created to foster an integrated economic and political bloc among its European member countries, creating a single market.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the geographical region and primary goal (e.g., integrated market, oil control) associated with each international organization.

Question 10. ............... trade means the exchange of goods and services of one country with other countries.

(a) Retail
(b) Wholesale
(c) International
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) International
In simple words: International trade involves the buying and selling of goods and services across national borders between different countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between domestic, retail, wholesale, and international trade based on the scale and geographical scope of transactions.

Match The Following

Question 1.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1) WTO	(a) Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
(2) BRICS	(b) World Trade Organisation.
(3) Favourable balance of trade	(c) Value of exports is more than value of imports.

Answer: (1 - b), (2 - a), (3 - c)
In simple words: This match identifies the full form of WTO, the member countries of BRICS, and the definition of a favourable balance of trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, link the definition or members to the correct organization or concept quickly to save time and ensure accuracy.

Question 2.

International organisations	Headquarters
(1) EU	(a) Kathmandu (Nepal)
(2) WTO	(b) Jakarta (Indonesia)
(3) SAARC	(c) Geneva (Switzerland)
	(d) Brussels (Belgium)

Answer: (1 - d), (2 - c), (3 - a)
In simple words: This match pairs international organizations like EU, WTO, and SAARC with their respective headquarters locations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing the headquarters of major international organizations is a common requirement in geography and general knowledge exams.

Question 3.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1) OPEC	(a) Expanding social and cultural harmony in South East Asia.
(2) APEC	(b) Controlling international trade of crude oil.
(3) ASEAN	(c) Free trade in Asia- Pacific Ocean region.
	(d) When value of imports is more than the value of exports.

Answer: (1 - b), (2 - c), (3 - a)
In simple words: This match connects OPEC with crude oil trade control, APEC with Asia-Pacific free trade, and ASEAN with promoting harmony in Southeast Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core objectives of different regional and international trade organizations to accurately match them with their functions.

Write Answers In One Sentence Each

Question 1. What do you mean by trade?

Answer: Trade refers to buying and selling of goods and services to fulfil each other's needs.
In simple words: Trade is the exchange of goods and services between parties to satisfy their mutual needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: A precise, concise definition is key for one-sentence answer questions.

Question 2. What is visible trade?

Answer: When there is buying and selling of goods it is known as visible trade.
In simple words: Visible trade involves the exchange of physical goods that can be seen and touched.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between visible (goods) and invisible (services) trade for clarity.

Question 3. What is invisible trade?

Answer: When there is exchange of services, it is known as invisible trade.
In simple words: Invisible trade refers to the buying and selling of services, which are intangible.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that services like tourism, banking, and software are examples of invisible trade.

Question 4. Who conducts wholesale trade?

Answer: Wholesale trade is conducted by wholesalers.
In simple words: Wholesalers are the businesses that buy products in bulk directly from manufacturers and sell them to retailers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of different intermediaries in the trade chain, such as wholesalers and retailers.

Question 5. What do you mean by domestic trade?

Answer: Domestic or internal trade is the trade that takes place within the geographical boundaries of one country. For eg. Trade between Maharashtra and Gujarat.
In simple words: Domestic trade is the exchange of goods and services occurring entirely within the borders of a single country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear examples to illustrate types of trade, like trade between states within India for domestic trade.

Question 6. What is international trade?

Answer: International trade means buying and selling of goods and services between two or more countries. For example, trade between USA and India.
In simple words: International trade involves economic transactions of goods and services that cross national borders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the cross-border aspect as the defining characteristic of international trade.

Question 7. What do you mean by import trade?

Answer: Import trade means buying goods and services from another country. For eg. India imports crude oil from Kuwait.
In simple words: Import trade is when a country purchases goods or services from another country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the direction of flow: imports are goods coming into a country.

Question 8. What is export trade?

Answer: When country sells its goods and services to another country, it is called export trade. For eg. India exports rice to USA.
In simple words: Export trade is when a country sells goods or services to another country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the direction of flow: exports are goods leaving a country.

Question 9. What is balance of trade?

Answer: The difference between the import and export values of a country in a specific period is called balance of trade.
In simple words: The balance of trade is the net difference between a country's total exports and total imports over a specific period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that balance of trade is a measure of a country's total trade in goods, not services.

Question 10. What do you mean by unfavourable balance of trade?

Answer: When the value of imports is more than the value of exports it is called unfavourable balance of trade.
In simple words: An unfavourable balance of trade occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports, resulting in a trade deficit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect an "unfavourable" balance directly to imports being greater than exports.

Question 11. What is favourable balance of trade?

Answer: When the value of exports is more than the value of imports it is called favourable balance of trade.
In simple words: A favourable balance of trade means a country exports more goods than it imports, leading to a trade surplus.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect a "favourable" balance directly to exports being greater than imports.

Question 12. What is balanced balance of trade?

Answer: When the value of exports and imports is almost same, it is called balanced balance of trade.
In simple words: A balanced balance of trade exists when the total value of a country's exports is roughly equal to the total value of its imports.

🎯 Exam Tip: A balanced trade indicates equilibrium, where export and import values are nearly identical.

Question 13. What is WTO?

Answer: WTO stands for World Trade Organisation.
In simple words: WTO is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade between nations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the full form of WTO as it is a fundamental global trade body.

Question 14. What does EU stand for?

Answer: EU stands for European Union which comprises of 28 European countries.
In simple words: EU is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that the EU is a significant regional integration example, fostering close ties among its member nations.

Question 15. What does OPEC stand for?

Answer: OPEC stands for Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
In simple words: OPEC is a cartel of oil-exporting countries that coordinates and unifies petroleum policies among its member countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate OPEC directly with oil production and export control.

Question 16. Give extended form of.

(i) SAARC
(ii) ASEAN
(iii) APEC
(iv) BRICS
Answer:
(i) SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation.
(ii) ASEAN – Association of South-East Asian Nations.
(iii) APEC – Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation.
(iv) BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
In simple words: This question asks for the full names of several important international and regional organizations, which are SAARC, ASEAN, APEC, and BRICS.

🎯 Exam Tip: Being able to recall the full forms of such acronyms demonstrates a good grasp of global economic and political geography.

Some Economic Organisations Of The World

Name of the international trade organisation	Number of member-states and logo	Headquarters (Country)	Aims/functions
World Trade Organisation (WTO)	164 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह एक गोलाकार लोगो है जिसमें 'वर्ल्ड ट्रेड ऑर्गेनाइजेशन' (World Trade Organisation) टेक्स्ट, एक वृत्त और तीर के निशान हैं, जो वैश्विक व्यापार और सहयोग को दर्शाते हैं।]	Geneva (Switzerland)	• To provide platform for negotiations in international trade • To handle the differences related to trade • Monitor the trade policies of member states • Providing technological assistance and training to developing countries
European Union (EU)	28 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह एक नीला झंडा है जिसमें एक वृत्त में 12 सोने के तारे हैं, जो यूरोपीय संघ के सदस्य देशों की एकता और पहचान का प्रतीक है।]	Brussels (Belgium)	• Established an integrated market amongst member nations in Europe. • Free flow of goods, services and capital in Europe. • Customduties have been cancelled on exchange of goods within members • Common 'Euro' currency established
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)	13 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह OPEC का लोगो है, जो संगठन के संक्षिप्त नाम को नीले रंग में दर्शाता है, जो तेल उत्पादक देशों के बीच समन्वय का प्रतीक है।]	Vienna (Austria)	• Controlling the international trade of crude oil • Controlling the rates of crude oil production among member states • Maintaining consensus in oil export
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)	8 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह SAARC का लोगो है, जिसमें एक चक्र के भीतर हाथ और 'SAARC' टेक्स्ट है, जो दक्षिण एशियाई राष्ट्रों के बीच क्षेत्रीय सहयोग और एकता को दर्शाता है।]	Kathmandu (Nepal)	• Finding satisfactory solutions to the common problems faced by countries in South Asia. • Increasing social welfare, raising the living standard and increasing regional cooperation among member states • To remove unrest in South Asia
Association of South-East Asian nations (ASEAN)	10 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह ASEAN का लोगो है, जिसमें धान की दस डंडियां एक वृत्त के अंदर बंधी हुई हैं, जो दक्षिण-पूर्व एशियाई देशों की एकजुटता और सहयोग का प्रतीक है।]	Jakarta (Indonesia)	• Expanding social and cultural harmony along with economic growth in SE Asia • Promoting regional peace • Promoting tax waivers for trade growth in member states
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)	21 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह APEC का लोगो है, जिसमें 'Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation' टेक्स्ट और एक सरल ग्राफिक तत्व है, जो एशिया-प्रशांत क्षेत्र में आर्थिक सहयोग को दर्शाता है।]	Singapore	• Free trade and economic cooperation in Asia-Pacific Ocean region • Promoting regional and technical cooperation among members
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS)	5 ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): [यह BRICS का लोगो है, जिसमें पांच अक्षरों 'BRICS' को बोल्ड, आधुनिक फ़ॉन्ट में दर्शाया गया है, जो इन पांच प्रमुख उभरती अर्थव्यवस्थाओं के समूह का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।]	Shanghai (China)	• Make funds available for growth of economies of members • Enhancing mutual economic cooperation • Strengthening economic security

Give Reason

Question 1. Some international economic organisations were set up

Answer: Some international economic organisations were set up:
• To smoothen the process of trade between countries of different economic status.
• To facilitate the growth of international trade.
In simple words: International economic organizations were established to streamline global trade, address varying economic conditions, and promote overall growth in international commerce.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons, focus on both the problems they aim to solve (e.g., trade friction) and the benefits they provide (e.g., economic growth).

Question 2. The Consumer Protection Act been enacted

Answer:
1. The Consumer Protection Act has been enacted to protect the consumers from fraudulent traders supplying sub-standard products.
2. Many advertisements make exaggerated statements to cheat the consumers and these advertisements use incorrect information.
3. The Consumer Protection Act empowers consumers with their rights and duties. Consumers have right to complain and seek redressal.
In simple words: The Consumer Protection Act was enacted to safeguard consumers from deceitful practices and substandard products, granting them rights and avenues for seeking redressal against unfair trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the multi-faceted role of consumer protection laws, covering product quality, truthful advertising, and consumer rights.

Explain The Following

Question 1. What do you mean by wholesale trade?

Answer:
• In wholesale trade, the traders buy goods on a large scale from industrialists, farmers, etc. For eg. the orchard owners of mangoes or oranges sell their entire production to wholesale traders.
• The wholesalers in turn sell these commodities to the retail traders.
In simple words: Wholesale trade involves buying goods in large quantities directly from producers and then selling them to retailers, acting as an intermediary in the supply chain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the "large scale" buying and the role of wholesalers as a link between producers and retailers.

Question 2. What is retail trade?

Answer:
• The process of buying in small quantities from wholesalers and selling in small quantities to the consumers is called retail trade.
• For eg. the shopkeepers selling food grains, vegetable vendors in markets.
In simple words: Retail trade is the process of purchasing goods in smaller quantities from wholesalers and selling them directly to the end consumers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the "small quantities" and the "direct to consumer" aspect as key characteristics of retail trade.

Question 3. What is marketing?

Answer:
• An invisible flow develops when a product goes from producer1 to consumer.
• The commercial functions involved in this flow are collectively called marketing.
In simple words: Marketing encompasses all commercial activities that facilitate the movement of a product from the producer to the consumer, including promotion, pricing, and distribution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider marketing as the entire process of getting a product to the customer, not just selling, including understanding consumer needs.

Answer In Brief

Question 1. Explain the importance of trade.

Answer: The importance of trade are:
• Trade is an important economic activity.
• The economic life of people is dependent on each other.
• No region or country is self-sufficient.
• Trade between two regions is necessary to fulfill the needs of the people.
• As each region has different geographical conditions, each region produces specific commodities.
In simple words: Trade is crucial because it drives economic activity, fosters interdependence, addresses resource imbalances by allowing regions to acquire what they lack, and enables specialization based on varied geographical conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the points clearly and concisely, ensuring each point explains a distinct aspect of trade's importance for maximum marks.

Question 2. What is barter trade?

Answer:
• In ancient and medieval periods, trade was done through barter system.
• Barter trade means exchange of commodities for commodities without using money, is a medium.
• For eg. grains in exchange of work done or salt exchanged for oil.
• But it created the problem of estimating the price of a commodity correctly. As a result, currency started being used.
In simple words: Barter trade is an old system of exchanging goods and services directly for other goods and services, without using money, which often led to valuation problems and was eventually replaced by currency.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both the definition and a key drawback of barter trade, connecting it to the evolution of currency for a complete answer.

Question 3. Mention the functions of the European Union.

Answer: The main functions of the European Union are:
• Establishing an integrated market in member nations amongst Europe.
• Free flow of goods, services and capital in Europe.
• Custom duties have been cancelled on exchange of goods within members.
• Common 'Euro' currency for the member countries.
In simple words: The European Union aims to create a unified market among its members, ensuring the free movement of goods, services, and capital, eliminating customs duties, and establishing a common currency to foster economic integration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key pillars of the EU's economic integration: integrated market, free movement, customs union, and common currency.

Question 4. Which factors influence trade?

Answer: The factors which influence trade are:
• Factors like the economy of the country, government policies, markets, laws judicial systems, currency, language, etc. influence trade.
• Political relations between two countries also influence trade between them.
In simple words: Trade is influenced by a country's economy, government policies, market conditions, legal frameworks, currency, language, and importantly, the political relationships between trading nations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Broadly categorize factors into economic, political, and regulatory aspects to ensure comprehensive coverage in your answer.