Maharashtra Board Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements PDF Download

Endogenetic Movements

Can You Tell?

Read the following news. Observe the photograph and answer the questions.

What caused the large-scale casualties?

What was the magnitude of the earthquake?

Which country was the most affected by this earthquake?

Where was the epicenter of the earthquake?

Which are the other affected areas?

At what depth was the focus located?

What kind of damage is seen because of the earthquake?

According to you, what could be the reason behind the earthquake?

Have you ever experienced a similar earthquake? Discuss.

Various natural events occur on the earth from time to time. For example: floods, storms, snowfall, extreme rainfall, etc. Similarly, because of the movements below the earth's surface, natural events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. For the organisms living on earth, these events are disastrous. There is loss of life and property because of natural calamities. In this lesson we will get introduced to these endogenetic (internal) movements.

Try This

As shown in figure 2.2 (A), arrange your notebooks on each other. Place 3-4 objects like chalk, duster, sharpener, eraser, etc. on them.

Now, quickly take out a notebook without affecting the others according to figure 2.2 (B). Observe what happens. Discuss in class.

Arrange the notebooks and keep chalk, duster, sharpener, rubber, etc. on them as in previous step (figure 2.3 (A)).

Now, give a slight push to this structure and observe what happens. Then again give a hard push. Observe what happens. Carry out a discussion on all these activities. (See figure 2.3 (B))

Geographical Explanation

Earthquakes and volcanoes occur because of the instability in the interior of the earth. This instability is created due to the movements occurring in the earth's interior.

Generally the movements in the earth's interior occur in the upper layer of the mantle. Tremendous energy is released by radioactive materials in the mantle. These energy waves travel from one place to another. Due to such a flow of energy, instability is caused in the mantle. The movements are classified on the basis of their velocity, direction and the landforms they produced.

Teacher's Note

Inside the earth, hot material moves slowly like the way hot oil moves in a pan. This slow movement makes mountains like the Himalayas.

Exam Trick

Remember: Endogenetic = endo (inside) + genetic (birth). So it means movements happening inside the earth that give birth to mountains and earthquakes.

Points to Remember

Natural events like earthquakes and volcanoes happen because of movements inside the earth.
These movements are called endogenetic or internal movements.
Energy from radioactive materials inside the mantle causes these movements.
Earthquakes and volcanoes cause loss of life and property.
Movements are classified by their velocity, direction, and the landforms they create.

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