Maharashtra Board Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Disaster Management Solutions

Disaster Management Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Std 8 Science Chapter 9 Disaster Management Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Disaster Management Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Answer The Following In Your Own Words.

Question a. Explain the relation between continuous rains and landslide. Give reasons.
Answer: Before the actual landslide, many changes occur in the surrounding hilly ground. The hard rocks develop cracks and crevices. These are natural changes but due to man-made activities, the cracks are widened due to erosion. These cracks make the big rocks to break into smaller stones. The cracks widen further due to excessive rainfall. These rocks further get eroded and they fall down along with soil from the slopes. The entire process is speeded up due to rainwater.
In simple words: Continuous heavy rainfall saturates the soil and rocks on slopes, weakening them. This makes the cracks in the ground widen, causing rocks and soil to break off and slide down as landslides.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the cause-and-effect relationship between rainfall intensity and soil erosion for full marks.

Question b. Prepare a chart showing 'Dos' and 'don'ts' at the time of earthquake.
Answer: At the time of earthquake

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between actions to take (Dos) and actions to avoid (Don'ts) during an earthquake for a structured answer.

Question c. What are the specifications of an earthquake-proof building?
Answer: The earthquake-proof building is such that even if the earthquake is caused, it should not cause damage to the buildings due to these earth movements. There are some codes of conduct while constructing such buildings. Advanced technology is used for earthquake resistant construction. The foundation of earthquake-proof building is separated from lower land. The walls are of less weight or they are wooden. The house constructed with special light materials are preferred in earthquake-prone regions.
In simple words: Earthquake-proof buildings are designed to withstand ground movements without significant damage. They feature foundations separated from the ground, lightweight or wooden walls, and are built using advanced technology and special light materials, especially in areas prone to earthquakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention key features like foundation separation, lightweight materials, and advanced technology for a complete answer.

Question d. Explain the effects of landslide.
Answer:
1. Mostly rivers originate in the hills and mountains. When there is landslide, the rivers naturally get flooded.
2. The paths of the riverine water changes due to landslide.
3. Waterfalls are displaced from their original positions.
4. New and artificial water reservoirs are created.
5. The falling debris, soil and rocks make the trees at the base of hillside uprooted. All the plant life is lost.
6. The constructions done by the villagers on the slope can be totally damaged due to landslide. There is large scale damage to property and life. In few cases like Malin the entire village was buried due to landslide and accompanied rainfall.
7. Transportation is affected as the roads and railway tracks are blocked due to debris.
In simple words: Landslides cause rivers to flood, change their paths, and displace waterfalls. They lead to the creation of new water reservoirs, uproot plant life, damage buildings, and block transportation routes, causing widespread destruction of property and life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize effects into environmental, geographical, and human/infrastructural impacts for a comprehensive explanation.

Question e. Is there any relation between dam and earthquake? Explain.
Answer: There is abundant water stored in the dams. This water column puts additional weight on the ground. Initially there may not be any weight, but later due to construction of dam, suddenly the pressure of this weight is so high that this ground experiences the tension. If such area is already earthquake-prone, then there can be chances of earthquake. According to theory of plate tectonics, there are continuous movements in the earth's surface. If over such fragile plates, the dams are constructed then the chances of earthquake are enhanced.
In simple words: Yes, large dams store massive amounts of water, adding significant weight to the earth's crust. This increased pressure can induce stress on underlying geological faults, potentially triggering or enhancing earthquake activity, especially in already seismically active regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the weight of the water in dams to increased geological stress and the theory of plate tectonics for a scientific explanation.

2. Give Scientific Reasons.

Question a. It is safer to find shelter under things like a bed, table at the time of earthquake.
Answer: When earthquake takes place, due to the vibrations in the earth's surface, there is possibility of the roof and walls of the house to fall. This collapse can cause severe head injury which can be fatal. Thus, one must take shelter below the hard-supporting structures such as bed or table. This precaution can save one's life.
In simple words: During an earthquake, roofs and walls can collapse, leading to fatal head injuries. Taking shelter under sturdy objects like beds or tables provides a protective void space against falling debris, significantly increasing chances of survival.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the danger (falling debris, head injury) and how the shelter provides protection (creating a safe void) for clarity.

Question b. In monsoon, don't take shelter near hillside.
Answer: The excessive rainfall can cause landslides. The soil and rocks from the hillside can be pushed down along with the flow of rainwater. This debris slides to the lower heights from the hills. This explains us that taking shelter near the base of the hillside can be disastrous as one can be buried in the debris due to sudden landslide. Therefore, in monsoon, one should not take shelter near hillside.
In simple words: During monsoon, heavy rainfall can trigger landslides, causing soil and rocks to slide down hillsides. Taking shelter near a hillside puts you at risk of being buried by this debris, making it extremely dangerous.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the direct risk of being buried by debris due to rain-induced landslides.

Question c. Don't use lifts at the time of earthquake.
Answer: Lifts or elevators run on electricity. The electricity supply can be hindered due to earthquake. There may be chances of fire due to short circuit. We may get trapped in the elevator at such times. The building may also collapse due to earthquake. It is always better to use stairs at the time of such calamities, so that one can safely come out of the building. Therefore, it is said that lifts should not be used at the time of earthquakes.
In simple words: Lifts depend on electricity, which can fail during an earthquake, trapping people or causing short circuits and fires. Additionally, buildings may collapse. Stairs offer a safer and more reliable escape route during such emergencies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the dual risks: power failure (trapping) and structural damage (collapse/fire) associated with using lifts during earthquakes.

Question d. The foundation of earthquake-proof building is separated from lower land.
Answer: The surface of the earth trembles at the time of earthquake. These tremors cause seismic waves which are responsible for the movements of the earth's surface. The ground thus shakes or it goes up-down. These shocks and waves formed in the interior of the earth spread on the surface in all directions. This causes collapse of the building and other structures on the land. To prevent such disasters the foundation of earth-quake proof building is separated from lower land.
In simple words: Earthquake-proof buildings have foundations separated from the ground to prevent direct transfer of seismic waves and tremors. This isolation helps the building absorb the shocks, reducing the impact of ground movement and preventing collapse during an earthquake.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that separating the foundation from the ground helps decouple the building's movement from the earth's movement, minimizing structural damage.

3. If A Crowd Gathers At The Place Of Earthquake, What Would Be The Difficulties In Relief Work?

Question a. If a crowd gathers at the place of earthquake, what would be the difficulties in relief work?
Answer: If people flock in crowd, the rescue work will not be possible. The ambulances and the fire engines will not reach the spot where the help is needed. The personnel from disaster management cells cannot thus act in time. It will be difficult to manage the situation and thus such crowding should never be done.
In simple words: A large crowd at an earthquake site obstructs rescue efforts, prevents emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire engines from reaching those in need, and hinders disaster management personnel from performing their duties effectively, making the situation much harder to control.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight obstruction of emergency services and delayed response as primary difficulties caused by crowding.

4. Make A List Of The Institutes And Organizations Who Provide Help For Disaster Managment. Collect More Information About Their Work.

Question a. Make a list of the institutes and organizations who provide help for disaster management. Collect more information about their work.
Answer: International government organisations working for disaster management are:
a. The United Nations and its organisations:
1. The Food and Agricultural Organisation of the UN (FAO): It gives early warning of impending food crises, and keep track of global food supply problems.
2. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): It helps disaster-prone countries with disaster mitigation, prevention and preparedness measures.
3. The World Food Programme (WFP): It is the main supplier of relief food aid.
4. The World Health Organisation (WHO): It gives global public health leadership by setting standards, monitoring health trends, and providing direction on emergency health issues. WHO's role is to reduce avoidable loss of life and the burden of disease and disability.
b. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): It gives physical rehabilitation to people injured by explosive weapons or other types of incident.
c. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC): It coordinates and gives international help to victims of natural and technological disasters, to refugees and in health emergencies.
International non-governmental agencies working for disaster management are:
a. International Rescue Committee (IRC): It provides lifesaving care and life-changing help to refugees forced to flee from war or disaster.
b. IMA World Health: It, in collaboration with USAID, the World Bank and many other organisations, builds sustainable health care systems.
c. CARE: It is an organisation fighting global poverty. It works for women and puts efforts to improve their basic education, prevent the spread of HIV by providing awareness among them, give them increase access to clean water and sanitation, expand economic opportunity for them. It provides emergency aid to survivors of war and natural disasters, and helps people rebuild their lives.
Indian organisations and institutes working for disaster management are:
a. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): The multi-disciplinary, multi-skilled, high-tech force of the NDMA are capable of dealing with all types of natural and man-made disasters.
b. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): It lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters.
c. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM): It has been given the responsibilities for human resource development, capacity building, training, research, documentation and policy advocacy in the field of disaster management.
In simple words: Various organizations like the UN (FAO, UNDP, WFP, WHO), ICRC, IFRC, IRC, IMA World Health, CARE, and Indian entities like NDRF, NDMA, and NIDM are crucial for disaster management. They provide early warnings, relief aid, healthcare, rehabilitation, policy guidance, and capacity building to mitigate the impact of disasters globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Group organizations by their type (international governmental, international non-governmental, national) and briefly describe their core function in disaster management for a structured answer.

5. Make A Survey Of Your School According To The Plan Of Disaster Management An Write The Pointwise Information.

Question a. Make a survey of your school according to the plan of disaster managment an write the pointwise information.
Answer: This an activity based questions. Kindly do it yourself. But make sure to involve the following points in your survey:
• Primary information of the school: It should include information such as name and address of the school and Head Master, total number of school staff and name and phone numbers of school management members.
• School disaster management committee: Get the information of the members involved in disaster management committee.
• Detailed information about school building: Note the number of rooms, classroom, age of the building, types of roofs under this point.
• Information about school ground: It should include information like distance of ground from the main road, types of play grounds.
• Daily routine of the school: It should include information like working time of the school, lunch break time for the school.
• Possible hazards in the school: It should information such as record of past disaster happened in school, current planning for overcoming disasters.
• Disaster management map of the school: It should have information regarding all the buildings of the school, entrances and exit gates, place of probable danger, safer place at the time of disaster.
In simple words: A school disaster management survey should collect primary school details, identify committee members, record building and ground information, outline daily routines, list potential hazards and past incidents, and include a detailed disaster management map with safe zones and exits.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your survey plan covers administrative, structural, routine, hazard, and safety mapping aspects for a comprehensive disaster preparedness assessment.

6. Are There Any Possible Places Of Landslide In Your Area? Collect Information From Experts.

Question a. Are there any possible places of landslide in your area? Collect information from experts.
Answer: This is an activity based question. kindly do it yourself.
In simple words: This question requires you to actively investigate and consult local experts about potential landslide risks in your specific geographical area.

🎯 Exam Tip: For activity-based questions, actively researching local conditions and consulting experts (e.g., local authorities, geologists) demonstrates initiative and practical application of knowledge.

7. With The Help Of The Following Pictures, Explain Your Role In Disaster Management.

Question a. With the help of following pictures, explain your role in the disaster management.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में एक लड़का एक डिजिटल टैबलेट पकड़े हुए है और उस पर "I am at Risk....!" (मैं जोखिम में हूँ) लिखा हुआ दिख रहा है। यह दर्शा रहा है कि लड़का किसी खतरे की स्थिति में है और सहायता की तलाश में है, या उसे किसी संभावित खतरे की जानकारी मिली है। The picture given is not very clear. It does not indicate the condition of disaster. Therefore, there are two alternatives for this answer.
Option 1: The boy holds a paper on which is written, 'I am at risk'! The boy is shocked to read this. Someone has given message to him. He must search that person and help him or her. He should therefore take help from some elder or from police force in such matter.
Option 2: The boy shown in the picture is in danger. So, he is typing in his I - pad, "I am at Risk". After receiving this message, someone will help him. It depends upon, to whom is he sending this message. If he sends this message to us, we can immediately try to help him. His message "I am at Risk", shows that he is in danger and has to be saved.
It is not clear about which disaster is shown in the picture.
In simple words: If someone indicates "I am at Risk," your role in disaster management involves two main options: either reaching out to an elder or police force to help the person who informed you, or if you receive such a message directly, immediately attempting to provide assistance or alert emergency services. The key is prompt action and seeking appropriate help.

🎯 Exam Tip: When interpreting visual cues in disaster management, consider both identifying potential victims and acting as an informed responder or reporting agent.

Project:

Question 1. Make a collection of news, photos. and cuttings about landslides and rift collapse.
Answer: (Activity-based, no specific answer provided by source)
In simple words: This project involves gathering real-world examples, like newspaper articles or photographs, that illustrate landslides and rift collapses, helping you understand their occurrences and impacts.

🎯 Exam Tip: For projects, focus on diverse sources and visual impact. Organize your collection by date, location, or type of event.

Question 2. With the help of Internet, collect information about the latest gadgets and technology to forecast earthquake.
Answer: (Activity-based, no specific answer provided by source)
In simple words: This project requires you to research online and identify modern devices and technological advancements used for predicting or providing early warnings of earthquakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When researching technology, look for information on seismic sensors, GPS deformation monitoring, satellite imagery, and AI-driven predictive models, and note their current accuracy and limitations.

Question 3. Collect information about NDRF, RPF, CRPF, NCC from Internet.
Answer: (Activity-based, no specific answer provided by source)
In simple words: This project involves using the internet to gather details about the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Railway Protection Force (RPF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and National Cadet Corps (NCC), focusing on their roles and contributions, especially in disaster scenarios.

🎯 Exam Tip: When collecting information on these organizations, emphasize their specific mandates, training, and operational involvement in disaster management and national security contexts.

Question 4. Discuss- Need of CCTV.
Answer: (Activity-based, no specific answer provided by source)
In simple words: This project asks you to explore and discuss why Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are important, especially in the context of security, monitoring, and potentially disaster management.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing CCTV, consider its benefits in surveillance, crime prevention, evidence collection, and traffic management, as well as its limitations regarding privacy and data security.

Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Disaster Management Important Questions And Answers

Rewrite The Sentences After Filling The Blanks:

Question 1. Earthquakes cause ............ waves leading to movements of the earth's surface.
Answer: Earthquakes cause seismic waves leading to movements of the earth's surface.
In simple words: Earthquakes generate seismic waves, which are the vibrations that cause the earth's surface to move.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that seismic waves are the direct cause of ground movement during an earthquake.

Question 2. The central point of earthquake is the point above the ............ on the earth's surface.
Answer: The central point of earthquake is the point above the epicentre on the earth's surface.
In simple words: The epicentre is the point on the Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake originates, known as the hypocenter or focal point.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the 'focal point' (origin deep in earth) and 'epicentre' (point on surface above origin).

Question 3. The accentuation of earthquake is measured in ............ .
Answer: The accentuation of earthquake is measured in ‘Richter Scale'.
In simple words: The Richter scale is used to quantify the magnitude or "accentuation" of an earthquake, indicating its energy release.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Richter scale measures the magnitude (energy released), not the intensity (damage caused) of an earthquake.

Question 4. If there is earthquake at the bottom of ocean, it may create ............ waves.
Answer: If there is earthquake at the bottom of ocean, it may create tsunami waves.
In simple words: Underwater earthquakes can displace large volumes of water, generating powerful and destructive ocean waves known as tsunamis.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect underwater earthquakes directly to the formation of tsunamis.

Question 5. ............ is the best device to put off small fires.
Answer: Stirrup pump is the best device to put off small fires.
In simple words: A stirrup pump is an effective manual tool for extinguishing small fires, typically by spraying water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific equipment like a stirrup pump for small fire suppression.

Question 6. ............ of waterfalls occurs due to landslides.
Answer: Displacement of waterfalls occurs due to landslides.
In simple words: Landslides can alter landscapes, leading to the shifting or "displacement" of waterfalls from their original locations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that landslides physically change geographical features, including waterfall positions.

State Whether The Following Statements Are True Or False:

Question 1. Every year nearly 2,400 to 4,000 earthquakes occur on the earth.
Answer: False. (Every year nearly 12,400 to 14,000 earthquakes occur on the earth.)
In simple words: The statement is false; the actual number of earthquakes occurring globally each year is significantly higher than 4,000.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the approximate frequency of global seismic events; the correct range is much higher than stated.

Question 2. Potassium, sodium and calcium are the metals that react with water at high room temperature.
Answer: False. (Potassium, sodium and calcium are the metals that react with water at normal room temperature.)
In simple words: The statement is false; these reactive metals readily react with water even at normal room temperature, not requiring high temperatures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highly reactive metals like potassium, sodium, and calcium react vigorously with water at ambient temperatures, which is an important safety consideration.

Question 3. A fire caused due to electrical components is extinguished by fire extinguishers like carbon dioxide are used.
Answer: True.
In simple words: Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are effective for electrical fires because CO2 is non-conductive and displaces oxygen, suffocating the flames without risk of electrocution.

🎯 Exam Tip: For electrical fires, always use non-conductive extinguishing agents like carbon dioxide or dry chemical powder to avoid electric shock.

Question 4. Indiscriminate cutting of the trees results in improvement of soil quality.
Answer: False. (Indiscriminate cutting of the trees results in soil erosion.)
In simple words: The statement is false; extensive tree cutting leads to soil erosion, as tree roots bind the soil and prevent it from being washed away, thus degrading soil quality rather than improving it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that deforestation negatively impacts soil health by increasing erosion, leading to degraded soil quality.

Question 5. Landslide results in loss of plant life.
Answer: True.
In simple words: Landslides sweep away vegetation and topsoil, directly causing the loss of existing plant life in the affected area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that landslides cause immediate destruction of flora by dislodging and burying plants.

Match The Column:

Question 1.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the association between each fire class and its corresponding type of combustible material for quick recall.

Question 2.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate each natural disaster with its most significant and distinct impact for accurate matching.

Name The Following:

Question 1. Modern equipment to get prior intimation about earthquake:
Answer:
1. Laser ranging
2. Very long baseline
3. Geiger counter
4. Creep meter
5. Strain meter
6. Tide gauge
7. Tilt meter
8. Volumetric strain gauge.
In simple words: Modern earthquake forecasting relies on various advanced instruments like laser ranging, creep meters, strain meters, and tilt meters to detect subtle ground movements and changes indicative of seismic activity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on remembering a few key equipment types that measure ground deformation or seismic precursor changes.

Question 2. Some code of conduct made by Indian Standard Institute for construction of buildings:
Answer:
1. IS 456
2. IS 1893
3. IS 13920
In simple words: The Indian Standard Institute provides specific codes, such as IS 456, IS 1893, and IS 13920, to guide earthquake-resistant building construction, ensuring safety standards are met.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that these IS codes are crucial for ensuring structural integrity and safety in earthquake-prone areas in India.

Question 3. The subcommittees of School Disaster Management.
Answer:
1. Fire extinguisher
2. Awareness
3. Instructions
4. Traffic management
5. Safety
6. Communication committee.
In simple words: School disaster management involves subcommittees focused on fire safety, raising awareness, providing instructions, managing traffic during emergencies, ensuring overall safety, and maintaining effective communication channels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that effective school disaster management requires a coordinated effort across various specialized subcommittees to cover all aspects of safety and response.

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence:

Question 1. Which is the instrument or machine that records the intensity of earthquake?
Answer: The machine/Instrument which records the earthquakes is called 'Seismograph' or 'Seismometer'.
In simple words: A seismograph or seismometer is the instrument used to detect and record the ground motion caused by earthquakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: The terms "seismograph" and "seismometer" are used interchangeably for the instrument that records earthquake waves.

Question 2. Which is the most common and effective solution for extinguishing fire ?
Answer: Spraying water is the most common and effective solution for extinguishing fire.
In simple words: Water is the most common and effective agent for putting out fires, primarily by cooling the fuel below its ignition temperature.

🎯 Exam Tip: While water is common, remember it's not suitable for all fire types (e.g., electrical or oil fires).

Question 3. Which type of fires can be extinguished by the method of suppressing?
Answer: To extinguish the fires caused due to electricity or oil, the method of suppressing the fire can be used.
In simple words: Fires involving electricity or oil are best extinguished by suppressing them, which means cutting off their oxygen supply using agents like foam, sand, or CO2.

🎯 Exam Tip: Suppressing a fire works by removing oxygen, making it ideal for liquid (oil) and electrical fires where water is unsafe.

Question 4. Which metals react with water at normal room temperature?
Answer: Combustible metals like potassium, sodium and calcium, react with water at normal room temperature.
In simple words: Highly reactive metals such as potassium, sodium, and calcium react vigorously with water even at normal room temperature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that alkali and alkaline earth metals are highly reactive and react with water at room temperature, often explosively.

Give Scientific Reasons:

Question 1. The electric mains are shut off immediately after the earthquake.
Answer: There is increased possibility of short circuit after the earthquake. This may result in fire. The earthquake has already - brought the disaster. To prevent further destruction, the electric mains are shut off immediately after the earthquake.
In simple words: Electric mains are shut off after an earthquake to prevent short circuits and potential fires, which could cause more damage after the initial disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the preventive measures during and after an earthquake is crucial for safety and minimizing further damage.

Write Short Notes:

Question 1. Types of fire:
Answer: There are five types of fire. This division is based on two criteria, viz.
(i) Which substance is being burnt, (ii) What is the method of extinguishing it.
1. Class A Fire: Commonly inflammable solid things such as wood, clothes, coal, papers can be burnt by this type of fire. This fire is extinguished by spraying water over it. This is also called cooling out. Water is effectively used to put off class A fire.
2. Class B Fire: Flammable liquid substances such as petrol, oil, varnish, solvents, cooking oil, paints, etc. catch fire and it is called class B fire. Since these substances are lighter than water, they can be extinguished only by foaming fire extinguishers.
3. Class C Fire: The fire caused due to gaseous substances is called class C fire. Domestic gas (L.P.G.) and acetylene can cause such kind of fire.
4. Class D Fire: Combustible metals catch class D fire. Metals such as potassium, sodium and calcium, can react with water at normal room temperature whereas magnesium, aluminium and zinc react with water at high temperature. When both these groups combine with water, it causes explosion.
5. Class E Fire: When electric components are subjected to fire, they form class C fire. Such fires can be caused by short circuit or due to problems in electric fittings. Such fire is extinguished with the help of carbon dioxide and non-conductive fire extinguishers.
In simple words: Fires are classified based on the burning material and extinguishing method: Class A (solids, extinguished by water), Class B (flammable liquids, by foam), Class C (gases), Class D (combustible metals), and Class E (electrical, by CO2 or non-conductive extinguishers).

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the five classes of fire and their appropriate extinguishing methods, as this is a common application-based question.

Question 2. Disaster relief - planning.
Answer: Anyone can face disaster at any time. The only way to tackle with such disasters is to keep preparedness to deal with any calamity. Schools, colleges and various offices need to chalk out a detailed planning in case of possible disasters. With this purpose in mind, disaster relief planning is done.
E.g. In the disaster relief planning for school, primary information of the school, the structure of School Disaster Management Committee, detailed information about school building and information about school ground, daily routine of the school such as at what time the school starts and what time does it end, the possible hazards in the school, and disaster management map of the school is included.
In simple words: Disaster relief planning involves preparing for emergencies by creating detailed strategies and collecting essential information about potential hazards, resources, and routines, especially in institutions like schools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the comprehensive nature of disaster planning, including information gathering and committee formation, for well-structured answers.

Answer The Following Questions:

Question 1. What are the different ways to extinguish fire? Write briefly about them.
Answer: There are three main methods to extinguish the fire. These methods are used to stop the spread of fire and to avoid the financial and other losses.
1. Cooling out by use of water: Water is easily available and can be used for putting off fire instantly. Due to spraying of water, there is cooling effect produced which helps in reducing the loss by fire. Fire can be easily controlled by water.
2. Suppressing the fire by covering it: When there is a fire due to electricity or oil it has to be controlled by covering the fire by sand or soil. When the froth is spread on the fire, there is no contact between air and fire. This puts off the fire and stops the spread of fire caused due to oil.
3. Keep away Flammable Substances: Care is taken to keep away all flammable substances from the fire. Wooden articles and inflammable substances are kept in such as way the fire will not engulf it. Stirrup pumps are used to put off small fires by which the water is spread in all directions around the fire.
In simple words: Fires are extinguished by three main methods: cooling with water, suppressing by covering to cut off oxygen (e.g., with sand for electrical/oil fires), and removing flammable materials.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly enumerate and describe each method, providing examples of when each is most effective for a complete answer.

Question 2. What are the safety measures and precautions to stop the fire?
Answer: 1. Switching off the regulator of cooking gas cylinder when not in use. Put off the connections of all electrical appliances when not in use.
2. If there is fire, call others immediately for help. Take help of others by calling them. Also help others who are in need to save their lives from fire.
3. Get help from fire brigade by calling phone number 101.
4. Know details about working of the fire extinguishing apparatus.
5. Give first aid to the victim of fire. Seek immediate medical help,
In simple words: Fire safety measures include turning off gas regulators and electrical appliances, calling for help and fire brigade (101) during a fire, knowing how to use extinguishers, and providing first aid to victims.

🎯 Exam Tip: List practical, actionable steps for fire safety; ensure you include emergency contact numbers and knowledge of equipment.

Question 3. What are the causes of landslide?
Answer: 1. Various types of natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunami, heavy rains, storms, floods can result into landslide.
2. The indiscriminate cutting down of the trees can result into soil erosion. Soil erosion in turn results into landslide.
3. The construction of roads, bridges, railway tracks, etc. on the mountain slopes result into lot of digging. Such activities make soil cover loose. From the slopes the soil and rocks then can slide easily. This results into landslides.
In simple words: Landslides are caused by natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, heavy rains, and floods, as well as human activities like deforestation leading to soil erosion and construction on mountain slopes loosening soil and rocks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the causes into natural and man-made for a more structured and comprehensive answer.

Draw A Well Labelled Diagrams:

Question 1. Seismometer/Secismograph.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक ऊर्ध्वाधर और एक क्षैतिज भूकंपमापी (seismometer) को दर्शाता है। ये उपकरण भूकंप के दौरान पृथ्वी की गति को रिकॉर्ड करते हैं, जिसमें समय स्टैंप (10:30) भी शामिल है। ये भूकंपीय तरंगों को मापने और उनकी तीव्रता को समझने में मदद करते हैं।

In simple words: A seismometer (or seismograph) is an instrument used to detect and record ground motion caused by seismic waves during an earthquake, providing data on its intensity and characteristics.

🎯 Exam Tip: For diagrams, a clear, well-labeled drawing is essential. Understand the function of each component for a better explanation.

Question 2. Focal point and epicenter or earthquake.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र भूकंप के केंद्र (focal point) और उपरिकेंद्र (epicentre) के बीच के संबंध को दर्शाता है। फोकल पॉइंट पृथ्वी के भीतर वह स्थान है जहां भूकंपीय तरंगें उत्पन्न होती हैं, जबकि उपरिकेंद्र पृथ्वी की सतह पर फोकल पॉइंट के ठीक ऊपर का बिंदु होता है, जहां भूकंप का प्रभाव सबसे अधिक महसूस होता है। यह प्लेटों की गति और भूकंपीय तरंगों के प्रसार को भी दर्शाता है।

In simple words: The focal point (hypocenter) is the origin of an earthquake deep within the Earth, while the epicenter is the point directly above it on the Earth's surface where the earthquake's effects are typically strongest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate clearly between the focal point and the epicenter; this distinction is fundamental to understanding earthquake geography.

Open-Ended Questions:

Question 1. Have you at any time faced with any disaster? What were your experiences during such condition? How did you get rescued?
Answer: Students should write their own experiences about such incidents if any.
In simple words: This question requires personal reflection on any disaster experience, detailing what happened, how it felt, and what rescue efforts were involved.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering personal experience questions, ensure your narrative is clear, coherent, and highlights lessons learned or critical actions taken during the disaster.

Question 2. In Maharashtra where do the traffic jams occur due to landslides? Make a list of such places. Why does the landslide occur at those places only? Discuss in the classroom and suggest preventive measures.
Answer: In Maharashtra, the landslides are very common in the hilly regions. The traffic is suspended often during rainy season when such calamity strikes. Malshej, Khandala, Kasara are some of the Ghats which are very prone to land-slide. On the tracks of Konkan railway, the landslides are very common during heavy downpour.
The regions where more landslides occur have many constructions and large scale deforestation. The traffic of Konkan railway comes to standstill after such landslide. Moreover, during heavy monsoon days, the speed of the running trains is kept very slow. The soil structure is also responsible for such landslides.
Preventive measures: There should be wire meshing done across the sides of the roads and railway tracks so that the collapsed rocks and other debris does not obstruct the traffic. Tree plantation should be carried out to prevent loosening of the soil and rock. It will also help in preventing the soil erosion.
In simple words: In Maharashtra, landslides cause traffic jams in hilly regions like Malshej, Khandala, and Kasara Ghats, and on Konkan railway tracks, primarily due to heavy rains, deforestation, and construction, making the soil unstable. Preventive measures include wire meshing and extensive tree plantation to stabilize soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: For location-specific questions, name relevant places, explain the geological and human factors contributing to the problem, and provide concrete solutions.