Step-by-Step Textbook Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Congruence of Triangles Set 13.1
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Question 1. In each pair of triangles in the following figures, parts bearing identical marks are congruent. State the test and correspondence of vertices by which triangles in each pair are congruent.
(i)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक त्रिभुज है जिसमें बिंदु W शीर्ष पर है और X तथा Y आधार पर हैं। बिंदु Z भुजा XY पर स्थित है। रेखाखंड WX, WY और WZ समान चिह्नों के साथ दर्शाए गए हैं, जो इंगित करते हैं कि WX = WY और WZ भुजा XY का लंब समद्विभाजक है। त्रिभुज XWZ और YWZ की भुजाएं और कोणों को समान चिह्नों से दर्शाया गया है।
Answer: The two triangles are congruent by SAS test in the correspondence XWZ ↔ YWZ.
In simple words: Two triangles are congruent by the Side-Angle-Side (SAS) test when two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and the included angle of another triangle. The correspondence XWZ ↔ YWZ means vertices X, W, Z correspond to Y, W, Z respectively.
🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to clearly identify the congruent parts (sides, angles) and the correct test (SSS, SAS, ASA, Hypotenuse-Side) along with the one-to-one correspondence of vertices for full marks.
Question 1. (continued)
(ii)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस आकृति में दो समकोण त्रिभुज KJI और LJI दिखाए गए हैं, जो एक सामान्य भुजा JI साझा करते हैं। कोण KJI और LJI समकोण (90°) के रूप में चिह्नित हैं। भुजा KJ और LJ को समान चिह्नों से दर्शाया गया है, जबकि JI दोनों त्रिभुजों का कर्ण है।
Answer: The two triangles are congruent by hypotenuse-side test in the correspondence KJI ↔ LJI.
In simple words: The hypotenuse-side (RHS) test states that if the hypotenuse and one side of a right-angled triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one side of another right-angled triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. The vertices K, J, I correspond to L, J, I respectively.
🎯 Exam Tip: For right-angled triangles, always check if the Hypotenuse-Side (RHS) test can be applied, as it's a specific congruence criterion for such triangles.
Question 1. (continued)
(iii)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में दो त्रिभुज HEG और FGE दिखाए गए हैं। भुजा HE और FG पर समान चिह्न हैं, जिसका अर्थ है कि वे सर्वांगसम हैं। इसी तरह, भुजा EG और EF पर भी समान चिह्न हैं। भुजा HG और FE पर भी समान चिह्न हैं। भुजा EG दोनों त्रिभुजों के लिए सामान्य भुजा है।
Answer: The two triangles are congruent by SSS test in the correspondence HEG ↔ FGE.
In simple words: The Side-Side-Side (SSS) congruence test proves that two triangles are congruent if all three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding three sides of the other triangle. Here, vertices H, E, G correspond to F, G, E respectively.
🎯 Exam Tip: When all three pairs of corresponding sides are marked as congruent, the SSS (Side-Side-Side) test is the appropriate congruence criterion to use.
Question 1. (continued)
(iv)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आकृति एक त्रिभुज को दर्शाती है जहाँ दो कोण और उनके बीच की भुजा समान चिह्नों से इंगित की गई है। कोण SMA और OPT के बीच की भुजाएं और कोणों को समान चिह्नों से दर्शाया गया है, जिससे उनकी सर्वांगसमता का पता चलता है।
Answer: The two triangles are congruent by ASA test is the correspondence SMA ↔ OPT.
In simple words: The Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) test asserts that if two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent. Here, vertices S, M, A correspond to O, P, T respectively.
🎯 Exam Tip: The ASA test requires the congruent side to be *included* between the two congruent angles. Carefully check for this condition in diagrams.
Question 1. (continued)
(v)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस आकृति में दो त्रिभुज MTN और STN दिखाए गए हैं, जो एक सामान्य भुजा TN साझा करते हैं। भुजा MT और ST पर समान चिह्न हैं, जो उनकी सर्वांगसमता को दर्शाते हैं। कोण MTN और STN को भी समान चिह्नों (दो 'x') से चिह्नित किया गया है, जिसका अर्थ है कि वे सर्वांगसम हैं। बिंदु N भुजा MS का मध्यबिंदु है।
Answer: The two triangles are congruent by ASA test or SAS test or SAA test in the correspondence MTN ↔ STN.
In simple words: Based on the markings, multiple congruence tests (ASA, SAS, or SAA) could potentially apply depending on how angles and sides are interpreted. The key is to establish a consistent correspondence of vertices like M, T, N to S, T, N.
🎯 Exam Tip: Sometimes, a diagram might allow for multiple congruence tests depending on which congruent parts are considered. Be prepared to state all valid tests if applicable, but usually, one primary test is expected.
Maharashtra Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Congruence Of Triangles Practice Set 13.1 Intext Questions And Activities
Question 1. Write answers to the following questions referring to the given figure.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक साधारण त्रिभुज DEF है। शीर्ष D, E और F क्रमशः त्रिभुज के कोणों को दर्शाते हैं। भुजा DE, EF और DF त्रिभुज की भुजाएं हैं। यह चित्र त्रिभुज के मूलभूत भागों को दर्शाता है जिसके संदर्भ में प्रश्न पूछे गए हैं।
1. Which is the angle opposite to the side DE?
2. Which is the side opposite to ∠E?
3. Which angle is included by side DE and side DF?
4. Which side is included by ∠E and ∠F?
5. State the angles adjacent to side DE.
Answer:
1. ∠DFE i.e. ∠F is the angle opposite to side DE.
2. Side DF is the side opposite to ∠E.
3. ∠EDF i.e. ∠D is included by side DE and side DF.
4. Side EF is included by ∠E and ∠F.
5. ∠DEF and ∠EDF i.e. ∠E and ∠D are adjacent to side DE.
In simple words: This question tests your understanding of basic triangle terminology, specifically identifying opposite angles/sides, included angles/sides, and adjacent angles/sides within a triangle.
🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with fundamental geometric definitions like "opposite," "included," and "adjacent" in relation to sides and angles of a triangle, as these are crucial for descriptive geometry questions.
Question 2. In the given figure, parts of triangles indicated by identical marks are congruent.
(a) Identify the one-to-one correspondence of vertices in which the two triangles are congruent and write the congruence.
(b) State with reason, whether the statement, ∆XYZ ≅ ∆STU is right or wrong.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस आकृति में दो त्रिभुज STU और XYZ दिखाए गए हैं। भुजा ST, TU, US को समान चिह्नों (सिंगल डैश, डबल डैश, ट्रिपल डैश) के साथ क्रमशः भुजा XY, YZ, ZX के समान चिह्नों से दर्शाया गया है। यह भुजा-भुजा-भुजा (SSS) सर्वांगसमता का संकेत देता है, बशर्ते शीर्षों का सही मिलान हो।
Answer:
a. From the figure,
S ↔ X, T ↔ Z, U ↔ Y i.e.,
STU ↔ XZY, or SUT ↔ XYZ, or
TUS ↔ ZYX, or TSU ↔ ZXY, or
UTS ↔ YZX, or UST ↔ YXZ
∴ ∆STU ≅ ∆XZY, or ∆SUT ≅ ∆XYZ, or
∆TUS ≅ ∆ZYX, or ∆TSU ≅ ∆ZXY, or
∆UTS ≅ ∆YZX, or ∆UST ≅ ∆YXZ
b. If ∆XYZ ≅ ∆STU, then
∠Y ≅ ∠T, ∠Z ≅ ∠U,
seg XY = seg ST, seg XZ ≅ seg SU
∴ But, all the above statements are wrong. The statement ∆XYZ ≅ ∆STU is wrong.
In simple words: For two triangles to be congruent, there must be a correct one-to-one correspondence between their vertices, sides, and angles. The given statement ∆XYZ ≅ ∆STU is incorrect because the corresponding parts based on the diagram do not match.
🎯 Exam Tip: When determining congruence and correspondence, ensure that the order of vertices in the congruence statement directly reflects the pairing of corresponding angles and sides. A mismatch in order invalidates the statement.
Step-by-Step Textbook Answers: Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Congruence of Triangles Set 13.1
Textbook Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Congruence of Triangles Set 13.1
Access structured MSBSHSE textbook solutions for Chapter 13 Congruence of Triangles Set 13.1. Designed in alignment with the latest academic curriculum for Class 8 Maths, these answers cover all end-of-chapter exercises to support daily learning and homework completion.
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