Maharashtra Board Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 The Indian Judicial System Solutions

Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 The Indian Judicial System Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

The Indian Judicial System Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 4 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 The Indian Judicial System Textbook Questions And Answers

1. Choose The Correct Option And Complete The Statements:

Question 1. Laws are made by ..........................
(a) Legislature

Question 2. The Chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by the ..........................
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Home Minister
(d) Law Minister
Answer: (b) President
In simple words: The President of India is responsible for appointing the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, ensuring the highest judicial office is filled by a qualified individual.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key appointments in the Indian government, especially those related to the judiciary, as they are common factual questions.

Explain The Concepts

Question 1. Judicial Review:
Answer:1. The Constitution is the fundamental law of the nation and to protect it is the prime responsibility of the Supreme Court. 2. The Parliament cannot pass any law that violates the Constitution. 3. Every act or policy made by the Executive should be consistent with the Constitution. 4. If any law passed by the Legislature or any act of the Executive violates any provision of the Constitution, the said law or act is declared illegal. 5. So, it is struck down by the Supreme Court. 6. This power of the Supreme Court is known as Judicial Review. This crucial power ensures that the legislative and executive branches operate within constitutional limits.
In simple words: Judicial Review is the Supreme Court's power to check if laws made by the Parliament or actions by the government follow the Constitution. If they don't, the Court can declare them illegal.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts like Judicial Review, define it clearly and then list its key functions and implications for the separation of powers.

Question 2. Public Interest Litigation (PIL):
Answer:
In simple words: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows any citizen or organization to approach the court on behalf of the public to protect a larger public interest, even if they are not directly affected.

🎯 Exam Tip: For concepts like PIL, focus on who can file it, what its purpose is, and how it helps in upholding justice for the community.

Write Short Notes On:

Question 1. Civil Law:
Answer:
1. It is one of the two main branches of law, focusing on disputes between individuals or organizations.
2. It deals with conflicts which affect or interfere with the rights of an individual.
3. Conflicts regarding land and property, rent agreement, divorce, etc. are included under Civil law.
4. After filing a petition in the relevant court, the court gives a decision.
In simple words: Civil law helps solve disagreements between people, like arguments over property or family matters, without involving serious crimes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining Civil Law, remember to highlight its focus on individual rights and common disputes like property or divorce, distinguishing it from criminal offenses.

Question 2. Criminal Law:
Answer:
1. Serious crimes are dealt under Criminal law. This branch of law aims to punish offenders and maintain public order.
2. Crimes like theft, robbery, dowry, murder, etc. are included under Criminal law.
3. In these cases, the first step is to file a 'First Information Report' (FIR) with the police, who investigate the matter and file a petition in the court.
4. If the charges are proved, there are provisions for severe punishment.
In simple words: Criminal law deals with serious wrongdoings like theft or murder, where the police investigate and courts decide on punishments to keep society safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Criminal Law, emphasize the serious nature of crimes, the role of FIR and police investigation, and the consequence of severe punishment.

Answer In Brief:

Question 1. Why are laws necessary in society?
Answer: Laws are essential for maintaining order and justice in any society, providing a framework for peaceful coexistence.
1. Differences in opinions, thoughts, perspectives, different cultures of people give rise to conflicts. These conflicts can be resolved impartially by the Judiciary.
2. Social justice and equality in society can be established with the help of law.
3. It also helps to bring weaker sections of the society, women, children differently-abled and transgenders into the mainstream of the society.
4. Law helps the common man to get the benefits of values of freedom, equality and democracy.
5. Law helps to protect the rights of the people.
6. It prevents emergence of repressive and authoritarian groups and individuals. Hence, laws are necessary in society.
In simple words: Laws are needed to solve disagreements fairly, ensure everyone is treated equally, protect people's rights, and prevent powerful groups from dominating others, creating a stable and just society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the necessity of laws, focus on key aspects like conflict resolution, social justice, protection of rights, and preventing authoritarianism. Use clear, numbered points for better presentation.

Question 2. Enumerate the functions of the Supreme Court.
Answer: The functions of the Supreme Court are as follows, establishing it as the highest judicial authority in the country:
1. As a federal court, it has the responsibility to settle disputes between the centre and the states; and states on one side and states on the other.
2. It gives orders to relevant authorities to protect the fundamental rights of the people.
3. It has the power to review decrees and orders of the lower courts and also review its own decisions.
4. It provides necessary advice to the President if he/she asks for advice to understand the legal aspects in matters of public importance.
In simple words: The Supreme Court settles big arguments between governments, protects people's basic rights, checks decisions made by lower courts, and advises the President on legal matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing the functions of the Supreme Court, remember its roles as a federal court, protector of fundamental rights, appellate court, and advisory body to the President. These are its core responsibilities.

Question 3. Which are the provisions that preserve the independence of the judiciary?
Answer: The Constitution has made following provisions to preserve the independence of the judiciary: (The specific provisions are not provided in the source text, but generally include security of tenure, fixed service conditions, and prohibition on discussion of judges' conduct in legislature.)
In simple words: The Constitution has rules to make sure judges can make fair decisions without anyone influencing them, ensuring they are free from political pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks on questions about judicial independence, mention provisions like security of tenure for judges, fixed salaries and service conditions, and the inability of the legislature to discuss judges' conduct, all of which prevent external pressure.

1. To avoid any political pressure, judges are appointed by the President.
2. Judges enjoy the security of tenure. They cannot be removed from the post for trivial reasons or for political motives.
3. The salaries of the judges are drawn from the Consolidated Fund of India. No discussion regarding this takes place in the Parliament.
4. Personal criticism cannot be made on judges for their acts and decisions. It is considered as contempt of court and is a punishable offence.
5. The Parliament cannot discuss the decisions of the judges.

Complete The Table:

Question 1. Organisation of the Judiciary

• High Court
• Chief Justice
• District Judge

• Organisation of the Judiciary
  • Supreme Court
    • Chief Justice of India
  • High Court
    • Chief Justice
  • District Court
    • District Judge

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to complete a diagram of a hierarchical structure, ensure all levels and their corresponding components are correctly identified and placed.

Supreme Court Of India, Delhi

1. The court had asked the candidates contesting in elections to declare their property and income details and educational qualifications through or affidavit.
2. The idea behind this was to ensure that the voters will vote on the basis of accurate information about the candidates.
3. This is an attempt to make our election process more transparent.
4. It is mandatory for the contesting candidates to declare whether there are any charges filed against them,
and the nature of the charges whether civil or criminal also has to be declared.

Do It

High Courts having jurisdiction over more than one state:
1. Mumbai High Court: Maharashtra, Goa and Union Territories of Diu Daman and Dadra-Nagar Haveli.
2. Guwahati High Court: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram and Nagaland.
3. Kerala High Court: Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshadweep islands.
4. Kolkata High Court: West Bengal and Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
5. Chandigarh High Court: Punjab and Haryana.

Project

Question 1. Organise a Moot Court' in your school, prepare and ask questions related to Public Interest Litigations in this Moot Court.
Answer: Organising a Moot Court helps students understand the practical application of law and the judicial process. It provides a platform to research and discuss Public Interest Litigations (PILs), fostering critical thinking and public speaking skills.
In simple words: Set up a mock court in school to learn about and discuss Public Interest Litigations, which are cases filed for the public good.

🎯 Exam Tip: When preparing for a Moot Court, focus on understanding the core principles of PILs and how they impact society. Researching real-life examples can make your arguments more compelling.

Question 2. Visit the nearest police station and understand the procedure of filing a First Information Report (FIR) with the help of your teacher.
Answer: Visiting a police station offers valuable practical exposure to the legal system, specifically the process of filing a First Information Report (FIR). This experience helps students grasp the initial steps involved in reporting a crime and the role of law enforcement.
In simple words: Go to a police station with your teacher to learn how to officially report a crime by filing a First Information Report (FIR).

🎯 Exam Tip: When learning about FIRs, pay attention to the key details required, such as the nature of the offense, date, time, and location, as these are crucial for legal proceedings.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 The Indian Judicial System Additional Important Questions And Answers

Choose The Correct Option And Complete The Statements:

Question 1. When the common man benefits from the values of freedom, equality and justice, it leads to the widening and deepening of ............ .
(a) values
(b) democracy
(c) Judiciary
(d) Law
Answer: (b) democracy
In simple words: When people truly experience freedom, equality, and justice, it makes democracy stronger and more widespread in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the core principles of freedom, equality, and justice are fundamental pillars that strengthen and expand the reach of democracy in any nation.

Question 2. ............. helps to protect the rights of people.
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Judiciary
(d) Social Organisation
Answer: (c) Judiciary
In simple words: The Judiciary, which includes courts and judges, is responsible for making sure everyone's rights are protected by law.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Judiciary is the guardian of the constitution and the protector of fundamental rights, ensuring justice and upholding the rule of law for all citizens.

Question 3. The ............. is the fundamental law of the nation.

Question 4. If any law passed by the Legislature or any act of the Executive violates any provision of the Constitution, the said law or act can be declared illegal by the ............
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Speaker
(c) President
(d) Supreme Court
Answer: (d) Supreme Court
In simple words: The Supreme Court has the power to check if laws made by the government follow the Constitution and can declare them invalid if they don't.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the Constitution, ensuring all laws and actions comply with its provisions. This power is known as judicial review.

Question 5. The ............ has the power to establish a High Court in every state of India.
(a) Supreme Court
(b) Parliament
(c) President
(d) Prime Minister
Answer: (b) Parliament
In simple words: Parliament, which is the law-making body of India, has the authority to create or establish High Courts in different states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that Parliament holds significant legislative power, including the establishment and organization of the judiciary, as outlined in the Constitution.

Question 6. Currently, there are ............ High Courts in India.
(a) 20
(b) 29
(c) 24
(d) 22
Answer: (c) 24
In simple words: As of the information provided, there are 24 High Courts operating across India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions involving specific numbers or facts, it's crucial to memorize the correct figures. Always refer to the most updated information for such details.

Find And Write:

Question 1. Nature of Judiciary in India:
Answer: Integrated System. This means that the Supreme Court, High Courts, and lower courts all work together under one unified structure.
In simple words: India's judiciary works as one big team, from the highest court to the lowest, all connected.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the nature of the judiciary, remember 'Integrated System' as the key term.

Question 2. In the criminal cases, the first step is to file:
Answer: First Information Report (FIR). An FIR is a crucial document that sets the criminal justice process in motion.
In simple words: For a crime, the very first thing you do is file an FIR, which officially starts the police investigation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that FIR is the initial and most important step in any criminal case.

Question 3. The District judges are appointed by
Answer: The Governor. This appointment is made in consultation with the High Court of the respective state.
In simple words: District judges are chosen by the Governor of the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the appointing authorities for different levels of judges; the Governor appoints District judges.

Question 4. The High Court judges are appointed by:
Answer: The President. The President makes these appointments after consulting with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the state, and the Chief Justice of the High Court.
In simple words: High Court judges are appointed by the President of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the appointing authorities for District judges (Governor) and High Court judges (President).

Complete The Following Concept Map:

Question 1. Indian Judiciary protects
Answer:

• Fundamental Rights of citizens
• The Constitution of India
• Rule of Law and Justice

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing concept maps about the judiciary, focus on its primary roles like safeguarding rights and the Constitution.

Indian Judiciary Protects:

• Individual freedom
• Federal system
• Constitution
• Democracy

Write Short Notes On:

Question 1. Judicial Activism:
Answer:1. The courts settle the disputes whenever they are approached for that purpose. 2. But, in the recent times, this image of the courts has undergone a change. 3. They have become increasingly active. 4. The courts are now trying to fulfill the constitutional goals of justice and equality. This proactive approach ensures that justice is not just delivered but also seen to be delivered to all sections of society. 5. The courts have tried to provide legal protection to the marginalised sections of society, women, tribal, workers, farmers and children. 6. Public Interest Litigations related to issues like victimisation of women, malnourishment among children, etc. have played an important role in boosting Judicial Activism.
In simple words: Judicial Activism means courts are not just solving problems brought to them, but actively working to ensure justice and equality for everyone, especially those who are vulnerable, often through public interest cases.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining Judicial Activism, remember to highlight the shift from passive dispute resolution to active protection of constitutional goals and marginalized sections, often through PILs.

Question 2. High Court:
Answer:1. The Indian Constitution confers the Parliament with the power to establish a High Court in each constituent state in the Union. These courts play a crucial role in upholding justice at the state level.
In simple words: A High Court is a main court in each state of India, set up by the Parliament, and it helps ensure laws are followed and justice is served in that state.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about constitutional bodies like the High Court, always mention the constitutional provision or the authority responsible for its establishment and its primary role.

Question 3. Supreme Court of India:
Answer:1. Judiciary in India is an integrated system where Supreme Court is at the apex position. 2. The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the Supreme Court of India. 3. By convention, the seniormost judge of the Supreme Court is appointed as the Chief Justice. 4. The President appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges of the Supreme Court. 5. The Supreme Court of India is located at New Delhi.
In simple words: The Supreme Court is the highest court in India, leading a unified judicial system. Its head, the Chief Justice, is the seniormost judge appointed by the President, and the court is located in New Delhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about the Supreme Court, ensure you cover its position as the apex court, the role and appointment of the Chief Justice, and its location.

Explain The Following Statements With Reasons:

Question 1. Judiciary in India is an integrated system.
Answer:1. India is a Union of States. The Centre and the Constituent States have a separate Legislature and Executive. 2. But there is one judicial system for the whole of India. 3. The Supreme Court is the apex court under which there are High Courts. 4. The High Courts control the district courts and below them are the lower courts. Hence, this structure makes Judiciary in India an integrated system.
In simple words: India's judiciary is integrated because, despite separate governments for the Union and States, there's one unified court system. The Supreme Court is at the top, overseeing High Courts, which in turn control district and lower courts, forming a single, connected structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining an integrated judiciary, emphasize the single, unified system across the country and its clear hierarchical structure from the Supreme Court down to the lower courts.

Question 2. The Constitution has made provision for independence of Judiciary.
Answer:
1. The Constitution wants Judiciary to work freely, without any kind of pressure.
2. The independence of the judiciary is maintained so as to enable the judges to fearlessly carry out the function of giving justice. This independence ensures fair and unbiased decisions for all citizens. For this purpose, the Constitution has made provisions for independence of Judiciary.
In simple words: The Constitution makes sure judges can do their job fairly without anyone telling them what to do, so everyone gets justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the independence of the judiciary, always mention the purpose: to ensure fair and fearless delivery of justice without external influence.

Question 3. The Indian judiciary has made a significant contribution in the development of the country.
Answer:
1. The Indian judiciary has always given importance to social values while protecting the Constitution.
2. It has exposed wrong practices like superstitions, discrimination, injustice to weaker sections, etc. and forced the legislature to pass laws against them.
3. It has protected individual freedom, the federal system and the Constitution of India.
4. Common people have a lot of respect and trust in the judicial system. Their proactive role has significantly shaped India's legal landscape and social justice. Thus, the Indian judiciary has made a significant contribution in the development of the country.
In simple words: The Indian judiciary has helped the country grow by protecting people's rights, stopping bad practices, and making sure laws are fair, earning public trust.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score well, highlight specific contributions like protecting rights, exposing wrong practices, and upholding the Constitution, along with public trust.

Answer In Brief:

Question 1. What are the eligibility criteria for appointment of Supreme Court judges?
Answer: The eligibility criteria laid down by the Constitution for appointment of Supreme Court judges are as follows:
1. He/She must be a citizen of India.
2. He/She must be a legal expert.
3. He/She must have served as a High Court judge or as an experienced advocate in the High Court. These strict criteria ensure that only highly qualified individuals hold such crucial positions.
In simple words: To become a Supreme Court judge, a person must be an Indian citizen, a legal expert, and have experience as a High Court judge or a senior lawyer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three key criteria: citizenship, legal expertise, and judicial/advocate experience in a High Court. Listing them clearly will fetch full marks.

Question 2. Mention the functions of the High Court.
Answer: The functions of the High Court are as follows:
1. To supervise over the District and other lower courts in its jurisdiction.
2. To maintain control over the functioning of the lower courts.
3. To give orders to protect the fundamental rights of the citizens.
4. To give advice to the governor while appointing judges in the district courts.
In simple words: High Courts oversee lower courts, ensure they function correctly, protect citizens' basic rights, and advise the governor on appointing district judges.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about functions, list them clearly and concisely. Remember the High Court's roles in supervision, rights protection, and advisory capacity.

Question 3. Should the Supreme Court have the power of Judicial Review?
Answer: The Supreme Court must have the power of Judicial Review for following reasons:
1. Protecting the Constitution is the most important responsibility of the Supreme Court.
2. Many a times, laws violating the Constitution are passed under public pressure or for gaining popularity.
3. The Executive may pass laws or frame policies violating the Constitution.
4. Laws violating the fundamental rights of the citizens may be passed which may prove to be harmful for democracy.
5. The power of Judicial Review helps in curbing all anti-constitutional practices and protects and strengthens democracy.
6. It also helps in keeping the Executive under control.
In simple words: Yes, the Supreme Court needs Judicial Review to protect the Constitution, ensure laws don't violate citizens' rights, and keep the government's power in check, especially when laws are passed under pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Judicial Review, emphasize its role in upholding the Constitution, safeguarding fundamental rights, and maintaining checks and balances on legislative and executive power.

Question 4. Why does the President seek the advice of the Supreme Court on any issue of public importance? Can you tell?
Answer: 1. Decisions taken on issues of public importance have long-lasting effect on the lives of the people. This ensures that such crucial decisions are legally sound and fair for everyone.
In simple words: The President asks the Supreme Court for advice on important public matters because these decisions affect many people for a long time, and the Court's legal expertise helps ensure they are fair and correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the long-term impact of decisions on public importance and the Supreme Court's role as the highest legal authority, providing expert and unbiased advice to the President.

8th Std Civics Questions and Answers: