Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Chapter 13 Life of the People in Maharashtra Solutions

]Questions And Answers

Question 1. Complete the chart.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र मध्यकालीन महाराष्ट्र में गाँव के प्रमुख व्यक्तियों और उनके कार्यों को दर्शाता है। इसमें बताया गया है कि खेतों में काम करने वाला 'किसान' कहलाता था, गाँव के राजस्व का प्रबंधन करने वाला 'कुलकर्णी' था, वतन धारण करने वाला 'वतनदार' कहलाता था, और गाँव की सुरक्षा करने वाला 'पाटील' था। यह ग्रामीण प्रशासन की संरचना को स्पष्ट करता है।
Answer:
One who works in the fields - Farmer
One who holds the vatan - Watandar
One who manages the revenue of the town - The Kulkarni
One who protects the town - The Patil
In simple words: This chart identifies key roles in a historical village structure, linking tasks like farming, revenue management, hereditary landholding, and village protection to specific individuals or positions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the traditional roles and responsibilities associated with each designation for accurate chart completion.

Question 2. Which undesirable customs are prevalent in today's society ? Suggest measures for their eradication.
Answer:
The bad traditions prevalent in the society are:
• No Education for girls.
• Female infanticide.
• Dowry.
• Animal sacrifice
• Superstitions.
• Bonded labour.
The ways to get rid of these bad traditions are:
• Special provisions for girl's education.
• Awareness programme for women.
• Inculcating scientific attitude.
• Special law to protect the women and girl child.
• Thinking positive, parental guidance to think in a systematic way, to get science knowledge update to disperse the blind belief will eradicate superstition.
In simple words: Many harmful customs like lack of girl's education, dowry, and superstitions still exist. These can be removed through promoting girls' education, raising women's awareness, fostering scientific thinking, and enforcing protective laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing undesirable customs, ensure you also provide corresponding, practical measures for their eradication to score well on problem-solution aspects.

Question 3. Make a detailed notes of the festivals and auspicious days in your area.
Answer:
(a) Diwali, Holi, Mahashivaratri, Eid, Raksha Bandhan, Navaratri, Krishna Janmashtami, Gurpurabh, Parsi new year, Onam are celebrated with great pomp and show in our area.
(b) Sanskasthi Chaturthi, Ekadashi, Akshaya Tritiya etc., are some of the auspicious days celebrated in our area.
In simple words: Our region celebrates major festivals like Diwali, Holi, Eid, and Navaratri with enthusiasm, alongside auspicious days such as Sankashti Chaturthi and Ekadashi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to differentiate between grandly celebrated festivals and specific auspicious days when detailing regional customs.

Question 4. Use the following points to compare life in the era of Shivaji Maharaj and today's life.
Answer:

In simple words: Life during Shivaji Maharaj's era involved barter for transactions, simple mud-brick houses, and bullock carts for transport, with entertainment mostly through Tamasha. Today, we use money and cashless transactions, live in multi-storeyed concrete houses, travel by modern vehicles like buses and aeroplanes, and enjoy diverse entertainment from TV to opera.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing historical and modern life, ensure clear points of comparison are provided, such as transactions, housing, transportation, and entertainment, with specific examples for each period.

Complete The Sentence By Choosing The Appropriate Words From The Options Given Below:

Question 1. The Patils were given some land as Inam for his job as a ______. (Patil, Jagir, Watans)
Answer: (Patil) Patil
In simple words: Patils received land as a reward for their specific role, known as Patilaki, in the village administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific terms related to land grants and administrative roles during historical periods.

Question 2. For any major or minor events or for battles an ______ was checked. (Time, Muhurta, Place)
Answer: (Muhurta) Muhurta
In simple words: In traditional practices, a propitious time, or 'Muhurta,' was consulted before undertaking significant events or battles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the cultural significance of 'Muhurta' in historical decision-making for important events.

Question 3. The ______ festival was celebrated on a large scale during the Peshwa Era. (Ganesh, Diwali, Makar Sankranti)
Answer: (Ganesh) Ganesh
In simple words: The Ganesh festival gained immense popularity and was celebrated grandly during the Peshwa period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key festivals that rose to prominence during specific historical eras, such as the Ganesh festival during the Peshwa rule.

Question 4. ______ script was used for day to day affairs. (Marathi, Sanskrit, Modi)
Answer: (Modi) Modi
In simple words: The Modi script was widely adopted for regular administrative and personal correspondence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specific scripts used for official and daily communication in different historical periods.

Question 5. ______ was very popular sport. (Wrestling, Mallakhamb, Martial arts)
Answer: (Martial arts) Martial arts
In simple words: Martial arts, encompassing various combat skills, were a highly favored form of sport and training.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the types of physical activities and sports that were popular and valued in historical societies.

Question 6. The Jain Mandir at Jamod in Vidarbha had paintings of Jin Charitra, ______ stories. (mythological, various festivals, animals)
Answer: (mythological) Mythological
In simple words: The Jain temple at Jamod featured paintings illustrating mythological stories, specifically those related to Jin Charitra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific historical sites with their notable artistic or architectural features, such as the Jain temple at Jamod and its mythological paintings.

Question 7. ______ was popular as an entertainment programme during the Peshwa Era. (Stage show, Tamasha, Lavani)
Answer: (Tamasha) Tamasha
In simple words: Tamasha, a traditional form of Marathi theatre, served as a highly popular public entertainment during the Peshwa period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify prominent forms of entertainment that were characteristic of specific historical eras in Maharashtra.

Question 8. ______ was a well-known painter. (Mallamma Desai, Gopikabai, Gangaram Tambat)
Answer: (Gangaram Tambat) Gangaram Tambat
In simple words: Gangaram Tambat was recognized as a prominent and skilled painter of his time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of notable artists or personalities associated with specific crafts or professions in historical contexts.

Question 9. The letters were carried by ______ and messengers. (Birds, Camel riders, Post)
Answer: (Camel riders) Camel riders
In simple words: In addition to other messengers, camel riders were an important means for transporting letters and messages across distances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the various modes of communication and transportation used in different historical periods.

Question 10. People used to believe in ______ a lot. (astrology, scientific vision, dreams)
Answer: (astrology) astrology
In simple words: People commonly held strong beliefs in astrology, often consulting it for guidance in their lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the prevalent beliefs and practices, such as astrology, that influenced societal behavior in historical times.

Match The Following:

Question 1.

Answer:
1-b
2-c
3-d
4-e
5-a
In simple words: This matching exercise links various cultural elements - a festival, a sport, a sculpture site, a ghat, and a painter - to their correct counterparts.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "Match the following" questions, accurately associate terms from one column with their corresponding items in the second column based on historical facts.

Question 2.

Answer:
1-b
2-a
3-d
4-c
In simple words: This match identifies the primary functions of village officials like Patils (protecting the village) and Kulkarnis (managing revenue), along with relating black soil to farmers and white-collared to office work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately connect historical roles and terms with their primary duties or associations within the context of village administration and society.

Answer In One Or Two Sentences:

Question 1. What was the chief source of production at the village level during the Peshwa era?
Answer: Agriculture and agriculture based businesses were the chief source of production at the village level.
In simple words: During the Peshwa era, farming and related businesses were the main economic activities in villages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that agriculture was the backbone of the economy in most historical periods, especially at the village level.

Question 2. When was Ganesh festival celebrated?
Answer: Ganesh festival was celebrated every year Bhadrapad Chaturthi to Anant Chaturdashi.
In simple words: The Ganesh festival is annually celebrated from Bhadrapad Chaturthi until Anant Chaturdashi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the Hindu calendar months and specific Tithis (dates) associated with major festivals.

Question 3. Which festivals were celebrated during Diwali?
Answer: During Diwali the Balipratipada and Bhau-beej days were celebrated on large scale.
In simple words: Balipratipada and Bhau-beej were the prominent festivals observed during the Diwali period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific rituals and associated festivals that form part of larger celebrations like Diwali.

Question 4. What were organised during the Jatras days?
Answer: Wrestling Match were Organised during the Jatras days.
In simple words: Wrestling matches were a common feature and organized event during the Jatra (fair) days.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the types of cultural or sporting events that accompanied religious gatherings or fairs in historical times.

Question 5. Which Subjects were taught in Pathshalas and Madarasas?
Answer: Writing, reading, accounting were taught in Pathshalas and Madarasas.
In simple words: Basic literacy skills like reading and writing, along with practical accounting, were the core subjects taught in traditional schools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the foundational subjects considered essential for education in traditional learning institutions.

Question 6. Which games were played during the Peshwa Era?
Answer: Martial arts were very popular, Mallakhamb Dand, Wrestling, Lathi, Dandpatta, Bothati these games were played.
In simple words: During the Peshwa Era, popular games included martial arts, Mallakhamb, wrestling, and various forms of combat using lathi, dandpatta, and bothati.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a variety of physical and martial games that were prevalent during the Peshwa period to show comprehensive knowledge.

Question 7. What was the religious policy of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
(i) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had a liberal religious policy.
(ii) He believed that everyone should follow his or her own religion but nobody should force his or her religion upon others.
In simple words: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj adopted a liberal religious policy, advocating for religious freedom where individuals could practice their own faith without coercion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Shivaji Maharaj's commitment to religious tolerance and freedom as a key aspect of his administrative policy.

Question 8. What did the daily meal of the people consist of?
Answer: The daily meal consisted of Bhakari, onion, chutney and gravy.
In simple words: The staple daily meal for people typically included Bhakari, accompanied by onion, chutney, and a simple gravy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the basic, staple food items that constituted the everyday diet of common people in that era.

Question 9. What did men and women use to wear during that period?
Answer:
(a) Men used to wear dhoti, kurta, angarakha, turban.
(b) Women use to wear sarees (nine-yard) and blouses.
In simple words: Men wore dhotis, kurtas, angarakhas, and turbans, while women typically dressed in nine-yard sarees and blouses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be specific about the traditional garments worn by both men and women to illustrate daily attire.

Question 10. What were used in Wada decoration?
Answer: Artwork, decorative painting, firewood, sculptures, mirrors were used in wada decoration.
In simple words: Wadas were adorned with various decorative elements including artwork, paintings, carved woodwork, sculptures, and mirrors.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the different artistic and material elements employed for interior decoration in traditional Wadas.

Name The Following:

Question 1. The land was given as inam to Patils do the job.
Answer: Patilaki
In simple words: The land grant given to Patils for their service was known as Patilaki.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand specific terminology related to land tenure and administrative roles in historical contexts.

Question 2. Festival celebrated on large scale.
Answer: The Ganesh festival.
In simple words: The Ganesh festival was widely celebrated with great pomp and show.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify major festivals known for large-scale public celebrations.

Question 3. Crops grown.
Answer: Jowar, bajra, wheat, nachni, corn, rice etc.
In simple words: Common crops cultivated included Jowar, Bajra, wheat, Nachni, corn, and rice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Name the staple food grains and other agricultural products typical of the region and period.

Question 4. Education was given in.
Answer: Pathshalas and Madarasas.
In simple words: Education was imparted in traditional institutions known as Pathshalas and Madarasas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the names of traditional educational institutions prevalent during the historical period.

Question 5. Modes of transport.
Answer: Ghat roads, the bridges on the river, boats.
In simple words: Transportation relied on ghat roads, river crossings via bridges, and boats for waterways.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the primary methods and infrastructure used for travel and movement of goods in historical times.

Question 6. Means of communication.
Answer: Camel riders and Messengers.
In simple words: Communication was primarily facilitated by messengers and camel riders, who carried messages across distances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the human and animal-powered methods used for transmitting information over distances.

Question 7. Popular outdoor games.
Answer: Hututu, Kho-kho and Atyapatya.
In simple words: Popular outdoor games included Hututu (Kabaddi), Kho-kho, and Atyapatya.

🎯 Exam Tip: Name traditional Indian outdoor games that were commonly played for recreation.

Question 8. Learned women in the Peshwa Era.
Answer:
(a) Veermata Jijabai
(b) Maharani Yesubai
(c) Maharani Tarabai
(d) Umabai Dabhade.
In simple words: Several notable women during the Peshwa Era, including Veermata Jijabai, Maharani Yesubai, Maharani Tarabai, and Umabai Dabhade, were recognized for their intellect and contributions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the names of influential and learned women who played significant roles in society during the Peshwa period.

Question 9. Famous architect during that period.
Answer: Hiroji Indulkar.
In simple words: Hiroji Indulkar was a renowned architect known for his work during that historical period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify prominent figures in specialized fields like architecture from the given historical context.

Answer In Brief:

Question 1. Discuss everyday living of the people in that Era.
Answer:
Most of the people were staying in the village. The villages were self sufficient.
(a) Crops grown: The farmers grown the crops like jowar, bajra, wheat, nachani, corn, rice etc.
(b) Food: The farmers' daily meal consisted of bhakari, onion, chutney and gravy. Rich people's meal consisted of rice, dal-varan, chapatis, vegetables, salads and milk products.
(c) The transaction in rural area were based on barter system.
(d) Houses: The houses were simple and were made of soil and bricks.
(e) Clothing :
(i) Men wear - Dhoti, Kurta, Angarakha, Turban.
(ii) Women wear - Saree (nine yard) and blouse.
In simple words: Everyday life was largely rural and self-sufficient, with farming as the main occupation. Meals varied by social status, trade was by barter, houses were simple, and clothing consisted of dhotis, kurtas for men, and nine-yard sarees for women.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing daily life, ensure you cover key aspects like location, economy, diet, trade, housing, and clothing for a comprehensive answer.

Question 2. The life of women's during Peshwa Period.
Answer:
(a) Their world were confined to the house of first their father and then their husband.
(b) Their education was neglected.
(c) Only a few exceptional women had achieved any progress in literacy, administration and battle skills.
(d) They include Veermata Jijabai, Maharani Yesubai, Maharani Tarabai, Umabai Dabhade, Gopikabai, Punyashlok Ahilyabai.
(e) Customs like child marriage, unequal marriage, widowhood, keshwapan, sati, polygamy had imposed harsh restrictions on the way women lived.
In simple words: During the Peshwa period, women's lives were largely restricted to domestic spheres with limited access to education, though some exceptional women excelled. Societal customs like child marriage, sati, and polygamy further constrained their freedom and rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing women's status, include both the general societal limitations and examples of exceptional women who defied these norms to provide a balanced perspective.