Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet Solutions

Std 6 Science Chapter 7 Nutrition And Diet Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Nutrition And Diet Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Fill In The Blanks:

Question a. The process of intake of food and utilizing it for all life processes is called ........................
Answer: nutrition
In simple words: Nutrition is the fundamental process where living organisms consume food and convert it into energy and essential substances needed for all their bodily functions and survival. It involves taking in food and using it for growth, repair, and maintaining life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the basic definition of nutrition is key to explaining how our bodies process food for life activities.

 

Question b. All the substances in our food which are useful for various body processes are called ........................
Answer: nutrients
In simple words: Nutrients are the vital components found in food that our body needs to grow, repair itself, generate energy, and carry out all essential biological processes. They are the building blocks and fuel for our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying nutrients as the "useful substances" in food is crucial for questions about their role in the body.

 

Question c. Carbohydrates and ........................ provide ............... to our body.
Answer: fats, energy
In simple words: Carbohydrates and fats are primary sources that supply energy to our body, fueling all our activities and maintaining body temperature. These macronutrients are vital for daily functioning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that carbohydrates and fats are the main energy-providing nutrients, a common fact tested in nutrition topics.

 

Question d. In a balanced diet, all the nutrients are present in the ........................ proportion.
Answer: right
In simple words: A balanced diet ensures that all necessary nutrients - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals - are consumed in the correct amounts to support overall health and proper body function. It's about getting the right mix, not just enough food.

🎯 Exam Tip: The concept of "right proportion" is central to understanding what constitutes a healthy, balanced diet, emphasizing the importance of nutrient variety.

 

Question e. In the food pyramid, cereals are given the maximum space because they fulfill our ........................ requirement.
Answer: energy
In simple words: Cereals are at the base of the food pyramid because they are rich in carbohydrates, providing the primary and most significant source of energy for the body's daily activities. They are the fuel our body uses most.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the role of cereals as major energy providers helps explain their prominent position in a food pyramid.

 

Question f. Intake of more food than necessary causes ........................
Answer: overnutrition
In simple words: Overnutrition occurs when a person consumes more nutrients than the body needs, often leading to obesity and related health problems like heart disease or diabetes. It's an imbalance where intake exceeds requirement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between undernutrition and overnutrition; both represent forms of malnutrition resulting from an imbalance in nutrient intake.

 

2. Spot The Following In The Table Of Vitamins And Minerals.

Question a. The nutrient present in citrous fruits.
Answer: Vitamin C
In simple words: Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and amla are excellent sources of Vitamin C, an essential nutrient known for boosting immunity and promoting skin health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Vitamin C directly with citrus fruits and its role in immunity; this is a frequently asked pairing.

 

Question b. Vitamins/minerals present in milk.
Answer: Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus.
In simple words: Milk is a rich source of several key vitamins and minerals, including Vitamins A, B, and D, along with calcium and phosphorus, all vital for bone health, vision, and overall growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember milk as a powerhouse for bone-strengthening minerals like calcium and phosphorus, alongside essential vitamins.

 

Question c. Causes and symptoms of night blindness, scurvy, rickets, beriberi.
Answer:

Diseases	Causes	Symptoms
1. Night blindness	Deficiency of Vitamin A	Inability to see in dim light
2. Scurvy	Deficiency of Vitamin C	Bleeding of gums
3. Rickets	Deficiency of Vitamin D	Softening of bones
4. Beri-beri	Deficiency of Vitamin B1	Nerve disorder, muscle weakness

In simple words: Deficiencies in specific vitamins lead to distinct health problems: Vitamin A causes night blindness, Vitamin C causes scurvy, Vitamin D results in rickets, and Vitamin B1 deficiency leads to beriberi. Each deficiency presents with characteristic symptoms related to the body part affected by that vitamin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the common deficiency diseases and their associated vitamins and symptoms; this is a fundamental concept for understanding nutrient importance.

 

Question d. Foods required to prevent the above diseases.
Answer:

Diseases	*Causes	'Symptoms	Food for prevention
1. Night blindness	Deficiency of Vitamin A	Inability to see in dim light	Carrots, milk, dark green vegetables.
2. Scurvy	Deficiency of Vitamin C	Bleeding of gums	Amla, kiwi, oranges and citrus fruits.
3. Rickets	Deficiency of Vitamin D	Softening of bones	Exposure to sunlight, milk, fish, egg, butter.
4. Beri-beri	Deficiency of Vitamin B1	Nerve disorder, muscle weakness	Milk, fish, meat, cereals, nuts, pulses

In simple words: Consuming foods rich in specific vitamins can prevent deficiency diseases: carrots and leafy greens for Vitamin A, citrus fruits for Vitamin C, milk and sunlight for Vitamin D, and whole grains and pulses for Vitamin B1. A balanced diet is the best defense against these ailments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on linking specific food sources to the vitamins they provide and the diseases they prevent; this demonstrates a practical understanding of nutrition.

 

Question e. Causes of anaemia.
Answer: Deficiency of Vitamin B12, iron.
In simple words: Anaemia is primarily caused by a lack of iron, which is essential for producing red blood cells, and also by a deficiency in Vitamin B12, crucial for red blood cell formation and nervous system function.

🎯 Exam Tip: Iron and Vitamin B12 are key nutrients to remember in the context of anaemia; they are vital for healthy blood production.

 

Question f. Essential mineral for healthy bones and teeth.
Answer: Calcium, phosphorus.
In simple words: Calcium and phosphorus are two critical minerals that work together to build and maintain strong bones and healthy teeth throughout life. They are the primary structural components of our skeletal system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate calcium and phosphorus with bone and teeth health; their combined role is essential for skeletal integrity.

 

Question g. Sensory organ affected due to the deficiency of Vitamin A.
Answer: Eyes, skin.
In simple words: A deficiency of Vitamin A significantly impacts vision, leading to conditions like night blindness, and also affects skin health, potentially causing dryness or other dermatological issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Vitamin A's crucial role in maintaining healthy eyesight and skin, making it a vital nutrient for these sensory and protective organs.

 

3. Choose The Correct Alternative.

Question a. Pulses are a very good source of ........................

(1) carbohydrates
(2) proteins
(3) fats
(4) minerals
Answer: (2) proteins
In simple words: Pulses, such as lentils and beans, are highly valued as an excellent source of dietary protein, especially important for vegetarians, contributing to muscle repair and growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify pulses primarily as a protein source; this is a common nutritional fact tested in exams.

 

Question b. ........................ provide maximum energy to our body.

(1) Cereals
(2) Leafy Vegetables
(3) Water
(4) Amla
Answer: (1) Cereals
In simple words: Cereals like wheat and rice are rich in complex carbohydrates, making them the most efficient and preferred source for providing sustained energy to the human body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link cereals directly to maximum energy provision due to their high carbohydrate content, a fundamental concept in dietetics.

 

Question c. Goitre is caused by the deficiency of ........... .

(1) iron
(2) calcium
(3) iodine
(4) potassium
Answer: (3) iodine
In simple words: Goitre, a swelling in the neck, is a condition directly caused by an insufficient intake of iodine, a mineral vital for proper thyroid gland function.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the strong connection between iodine deficiency and goitre; this is a classic example of a mineral deficiency disease.

 

Question d. ........................ is a type of junk food.

(1) Orange
(2) Milk
(3) Bhakri
(4) Chocolate
Answer: (4) Chocolate
In simple words: Junk food refers to items high in sugar, fat, and calories but low in essential nutrients, like chocolate, which offers little nutritional value despite its taste.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify junk food by its high content of unhealthy fats, sugars, and low nutrient density, distinguishing it from healthy alternatives.

 

4. Use The Food Pyramid To Select Food Items Of Your Choice For Three Days.

Conditions:
1. The diet for all three days should be balanced.
2. There should be variety in the items chosen for the three days.
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक संतुलित आहार पिरामिड को दर्शाता है, जिसमें खाद्य पदार्थों को उनकी पोषण संबंधी आवश्यकताओं और उपभोग की मात्रा के अनुसार स्तरों में बांटा गया है। सबसे चौड़ा आधार अनाज और दालों को दिखाता है, उसके ऊपर फल और सब्जियां, फिर दूध उत्पाद, मांस, मछली और अंडे, और सबसे ऊपर वसायुक्त पदार्थ (तेल, घी, मक्खन) हैं, जिनकी सबसे कम मात्रा में आवश्यकता होती है।
Day 1:
Cereal like cornflakes and milk, apple, roti, sabzi and dal.
Day 2:
Bread and butter with milk, rice/ roti and chicken, curd, any one type of fruit, salad.
Day 3:
Poha, green vegetable and dal with rice or roti, raita, one fruit, vegetable sandwich.
In simple words: To create a balanced and varied diet over three days, one should select items from all levels of the food pyramid, prioritizing cereals, fruits, and vegetables, while moderately including dairy, protein sources, and minimally using fats. This ensures a broad range of nutrients and avoids repetition.

🎯 Exam Tip: When planning meals based on a food pyramid, ensure a good representation from the base (cereals, pulses) and middle (fruits, vegetables, protein, dairy), with minimal items from the top (fats, sugars) to demonstrate a balanced understanding.

 

Activity:

Question 1. Obtain information on simple methods of spotting the adulteration in foodstuffs and try them out.
Answer: Students should research common food adulterants and simple home tests, such as checking for water in milk by placing a drop on a slanted surface (pure milk flows slowly, leaving a trail) or detecting chalk powder in flour (mix with water, chalk settles at the bottom).
In simple words: This activity involves learning easy, practical ways to detect common adulterants in daily food items at home, like checking milk for water or flour for foreign particles. It helps in ensuring the quality of food we consume.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practical activities like this highlight the importance of food safety and critical observation skills; focus on clear, verifiable methods for detection.

 

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Nutrition And Diet Important Questions And Answers

Choose The Correct Alternative:

Question 1. Vitamin ........................ and vitamin ........................ dissolve easily in water.

(a) A, B
(b) B, C
(c) B, D
(d) B, E
Answer: (b) B, C
In simple words: Vitamins B and C are water-soluble vitamins, meaning they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body in large quantities, requiring regular intake through diet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguishing between water-soluble (B, C) and fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) vitamins is crucial; water-soluble vitamins need more frequent replenishment.

 

Question 2. ........................ carries oxygen to all parts of the body.

(a) Calcium
(b) Iron
(c) Iodine
(d) Sodium?
Answer: (b) Iron
In simple words: Iron is an essential mineral because it is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to all tissues and organs in the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand iron's direct role in oxygen transport via hemoglobin; this is a core concept in human physiology and nutrition.

 

Question 3. Deficiency of vitamin ........................ causes excessive bleeding after an injury.

(a) A
(b) B
(c) K
(d) D
Answer: (c) K
In simple words: Vitamin K is vital for blood clotting, and its deficiency can impair the body's ability to form clots, leading to prolonged and excessive bleeding after injuries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Vitamin K is strongly associated with blood coagulation; remember its role in preventing excessive bleeding.

 

Question 4. In accordance with the food pyramid, the proportion of ........................ should be least in our diet.

(a) cereals
(b) fruits
(c) milk
(d) oil
Answer: (d) oil
In simple words: According to the food pyramid, oils and fatty substances are at the very top, indicating that they should be consumed in the smallest quantities due to their high caloric density and potential health risks if overconsumed.

🎯 Exam Tip: The top of the food pyramid always represents foods to be eaten sparingly; identify high-fat, high-sugar items for this category.

 

Question 5. ........................ is a rich source of vitamin C.

(a) Carrot
(b) Amla
(c) Meat
(d) Milk
Answer: (b) Amla
In simple words: Amla, also known as Indian gooseberry, is an exceptionally rich source of Vitamin C, surpassing many other fruits and playing a crucial role in immunity and antioxidant defense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Amla is a standout example for Vitamin C content; associate it strongly with this vitamin in nutritional questions.

 

Question 6. Children of growing age need to get approximately ........................ to ........................ calories from the food they eat.

(a) 1500-2000
(b) 3150-4150
(c) 2000-2500
(d) All of them
Answer: (c) 2000-2500
In simple words: Growing children require a significant amount of energy, typically between 2000-2500 calories per day, to support their rapid physical development, active lifestyle, and metabolic needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that energy requirements vary with age and activity level; growing children need more calories than adults for development.

 

Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1. All food that we consume during the day is together called our ........................
Answer: diet
In simple words: Our diet refers to the sum total of all the food and beverages we regularly consume over a day, week, or longer period. It's the overall pattern of our eating habits.

🎯 Exam Tip: The term "diet" encompasses all consumed food and drink, not just restricted eating for weight loss, and is fundamental to nutrition discussions.

 

Question 2. ........................ convert milk into yogurt.
Answer: Probiotics.
In simple words: Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms, typically bacteria, that ferment milk to produce yogurt and are also crucial for maintaining a healthy gut flora.

🎯 Exam Tip: Probiotics are key microorganisms known for their role in fermentation processes like yogurt making and for supporting digestive health.

 

Match The Columns:

Question 1.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Carbohydrates	a. resistance to diseases
2. Proteins	b. energy
3. Fibre	c. growth
4. Vitamins	d. excretion

Answer:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Carbohydrates	b. energy
2. Proteins	c. growth
3. Fibre	d. excretion
4. Vitamins	a. resistance to diseases

In simple words: Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins are essential for growth and repair, fibre aids in proper excretion, and vitamins are crucial for building resistance to diseases. Each nutrient plays a specific and vital role in maintaining body health.

🎯 Exam Tip: A clear understanding of the primary functions of each macronutrient and micronutrient is essential for matching type questions.

 

Question 2.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Iron	a. Goitre
2. Calcium and phosphorous	b. Anaemia
3. Iodine	c. Inefficiency of muscles
4. Sodium and potassium	d. Weak bones

Answer:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Iron	b. Anaemia
2. Calcium and phosphorous	d. Weak bones
3. Iodine	a. Goitre
4. Sodium and potassium	c. Inefficiency of muscles

In simple words: Iron deficiency causes anaemia, lack of calcium and phosphorus leads to weak bones, iodine deficiency results in goitre, and insufficient sodium and potassium can cause muscle inefficiency. Each mineral has a specific role crucial for preventing these conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly link specific minerals to their associated deficiency diseases or body functions; this demonstrates precise knowledge of micronutrient roles.

 

Question 3.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Vitamin A	a. Scurvy
2. Vitamin C	b. Excessive bleeding
3. Vitamin D	c. Skin disorders
4. Vitamin E	d. Nightblindness
5. Vitamin K	e. Rickets

Answer:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Vitamin A	d. Nightblindness
2. Vitamin C	a. Scurvy
3. Vitamin D	e. Rickets
4. Vitamin E	c. Skin disorders
5. Vitamin K	b. Excessive bleeding

In simple words: This table maps specific vitamin deficiencies to their respective health issues: Vitamin A with night blindness, Vitamin C with scurvy, Vitamin D with rickets, Vitamin E with skin disorders, and Vitamin K with excessive bleeding. Each vitamin prevents a unique set of symptoms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately matching each vitamin to its specific deficiency disease and symptom is fundamental for excelling in nutrition-related questions.

 

Pick Out The Odd One:

Question 1. Chocolate, chapatti, banana, milk
Answer: Chocolate
In simple words: Chocolate is the odd one out because it is generally considered junk food, high in sugar and fat with limited nutrients, whereas chapatti, banana, and milk are healthy, nutrient-rich dietary staples.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying the odd one out, look for items that significantly differ in their nutritional value or common dietary classification (e.g., junk food vs. healthy food).

 

Question 2. Rice, chapatti, carrot, dal.
Answer: Carrot
In simple words: Carrot is the odd one because it is a vegetable, rich in vitamins like Vitamin A, while rice, chapatti (made from wheat), and dal (lentils) are primary sources of carbohydrates and proteins, belonging to the cereal and pulse groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: Grouping food items by their primary nutrient content or food category (e.g., cereal, vegetable, pulse) helps in identifying the outlier.

 

Question 3. Scurvy, Rickets, Beriberi, Goitre.
Answer: Goitre
In simple words: Goitre is an odd one because it is caused by a mineral deficiency (iodine), whereas Scurvy, Rickets, and Beriberi are all caused by vitamin deficiencies (Vitamin C, D, and B1, respectively).

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies versus those caused by mineral deficiencies; this distinction is key for classification.

 

Question 4. Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E
Answer: Vitamin C
In simple words: Vitamin C is the odd one because it is a water-soluble vitamin, while Vitamins A, D, and E are all fat-soluble vitamins, stored in the body's fatty tissues.

🎯 Exam Tip: A fundamental classification in nutrition is distinguishing between fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C) vitamins, which affects how they are stored and used by the body.

 

Answer The Following:

Question 1. Why do living things need food and water?
Answer: Living things take food and water and use them for:
1. Obtaining energy
2. Growth of the body
3. Carrying out day to day functions of the body.
4. Fighting against diseases
In simple words: Living things need food and water as essential fuels and building blocks for energy production, body growth and repair, performing daily functions, and maintaining a strong immune system to resist illnesses. They are fundamental for survival and health.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a core concept; enumerate the four main reasons-energy, growth, function, and disease resistance-to score well.

 

Question 2. Name the main nutrients in our food.
Answer: There are six main nutrients in our food. They are:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Fibres
5. Vitamins
6. minerals
In simple words: Our food primarily contains six vital nutrients: carbohydrates for energy, fats for concentrated energy and absorption of certain vitamins, proteins for growth and repair, fibres for digestion, and vitamins and minerals for regulating various body functions and fighting diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the six main nutrient categories (macronutrients and micronutrients) is a basic requirement for understanding food composition.

 

Question 3. How do we get energy from the food?
Answer:
1. We get energy in the form of heat from the food we eat.
2. Heat is measured in kilocalories (calories).
3. Hence, the energy in food items is also measured in kilocalories (calories).
In simple words: Our body breaks down food to release energy, primarily in the form of heat, which is quantified in kilocalories or calories. This chemical energy powers all bodily processes and functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the conversion of food into heat energy and mention calories (kilocalories) as the unit of measurement for a complete answer.

 

Question 4. Vitamin C rich food should be eaten raw. Why?
Answer:
1. Vitamin C is very sensitive to heat and light.
2. It is destroyed easily during cooking. Hence, Vitamin C rich food should be eaten raw.
In simple words: Foods rich in Vitamin C should be consumed raw because Vitamin C is heat and light-sensitive, meaning cooking or excessive exposure can easily destroy this essential nutrient. Eating it raw ensures maximum nutrient retention.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the heat sensitivity of Vitamin C; this explains why raw consumption of fruits and vegetables is often recommended.

 

Question 5. What is balanced diet? Give its significance.
Answer: A diet containing adequate quantities of all nutrients is called as balanced diet.
Significance of a balanced diet are:
1. An increased capacity to work.
2. Good physical and mental health.
3. Increased capacity to fight/resist diseases.
4. Helps in proper growth of the body.
In simple words: A balanced diet provides all essential nutrients in the right amounts for optimal health. Its significance lies in enhancing work capacity, promoting physical and mental well-being, strengthening immunity against diseases, and supporting proper body growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a balanced diet clearly and then list its key benefits, focusing on how it supports overall health and performance.

 

Question 6. What is obesity? How to avoid obesity?
Answer:
- Obesity is the state of being overweight.
- Junk food eaten frequently causes obesity.
- Obesity is not good for health.
To avoid obesity:
1. Have a balanced diet.
2. Eat whole grains, fruits and vegetables with their skins.
3. Increase use of bicycles.
4. Play more outdoor games.
5. Do not eat if you are not hungry.
6. Do not watch T.V while eating.
7. Avoid precooked, packaged food.
8. Exercise regularly.
In simple words: Obesity is being excessively overweight, often caused by frequent consumption of junk food, and it poses serious health risks. To prevent it, one should maintain a balanced diet, prioritize whole and natural foods, stay physically active, and avoid overeating or relying on processed foods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define obesity simply and then provide a comprehensive list of lifestyle changes, including dietary habits and physical activity, to prevent it.

 

Write Short Notes.

Question 1. Vitamins:
Answer:
1. Vitamins are vital substances required by our body in small quantities. They help to improve the body's resistance to diseases. Their deficiency can lead to various diseases, e.g.: deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness and that of Vitamin D causes rickets. The sources of vitamins are vegetables, fruits, milk, fish, meat etc.
2. There are two kinds of vitamins - water soluble vitamins and water insoluble vitamins.
3. Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water soluble vitamins because they dissolve easily in water. They are thrown out of the body through the water in sweat and urine. Hence, a regular supply of these vitamins is essential. B17B2, B3, B6, B9, and Bp are the types of vitamin B.
4. Vitamins A, D, E and K are insoluble in water but are fat soluble vitamins. They get stored in the body.
In simple words: Vitamins are micronutrients essential in small amounts for body functions and disease resistance. They are classified as water-soluble (B, C, needing regular intake as they are excreted) or fat-soluble (A, D, E, K, stored in the body). Deficiencies lead to specific ailments.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good short note on vitamins should cover their definition, role in disease resistance, examples of deficiency diseases, and the key distinction between water-soluble and fat-soluble types.

 

Question 2. Probiotics:
Answer:
1. The useful microorganisms which convert milk into yoghurt are present in yoghurt and buttermilk are called probiotics.
2. Lakhs of such useful microorganisms are present in our intestine.
3. They are essential for our health.
4. Hence, to maintain them in our body we should include food rich in probiotics in our daily diet.
In simple words: Probiotics are beneficial living microorganisms, found in foods like yogurt, that are crucial for healthy digestion and overall well-being. They populate our intestines, aiding in food breakdown and nutrient absorption, and require regular dietary intake to thrive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define probiotics as beneficial microorganisms, explain their role in food (e.g., yogurt production), and highlight their importance for gut health to get full marks.

 

Question 3. Junk food:
Answer:
1. Foods which gives us energy but do not supply the necessary nutrients are called junk food.
2. Foods like chocolate, pizzas, burgers, noodles, fried foods like pakodas are junk food.
3. These foods contain refined flour, sugar and oil in large proportion.
4. If we consume these foods frequently, our body experiences shortage of proteins, vitamins and minerals.
5. This may lead to malnutrition and obesity.
In simple words: Junk food provides quick energy but lacks essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Frequent consumption can lead to nutrient deficiencies, malnutrition, and obesity due to high content of refined flour, sugar, and oil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on listing specific examples of junk food and explaining the consequences of its frequent consumption, linking it to nutrient deficiencies and health issues like obesity.

 

Question 4. Adulteration of food:
Answer:To earn more profits, cheaper substances of low quality called adulterants, are mixed with the foodstuffs. The mixing adulterants to foodstuffs is called adulteration of food. Adulterants may be poisonous or harmful and such food is impure and unfit for consumption.
Some of the adulterants added to foodstuffs are given below:

Food Items	Adulterants
• Milk	Water, chemicals like urea, starch
• Chilli powder	Brick powder, powdered pumpkin
• Pepper corns	Papaya seeds
• Ice-cream	Washing soda, paper pulp
• Rice	Small white stones
• Peanuts	Reddish pebbles/stones

In simple words: Food adulteration is the practice of mixing cheaper, low-quality, or harmful substances (adulterants) with food items to increase profit. These adulterants make the food impure, potentially poisonous, and unsafe for consumption.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define food adulteration clearly and provide concrete examples of common adulterants used in various food items. Remember to state why it's harmful.

 

Give Scientific Reasons:

 

Question 1. Deficiency of vitamin B and C are common in our body.
Answer:
1. Vitamin B and vitamin C are water soluble vitamins.
2. They are thrown out of the body through the water in sweat and urine.
3. Hence, a regular supply of these vitamins is essential.
4. If we don't intake food rich in these vitamins, deficiency occurs.
In simple words: Vitamins B and C are water-soluble, meaning the body cannot store them and excretes excess amounts through sweat and urine. Therefore, a consistent daily intake is crucial, and a lack of foods rich in these vitamins quickly leads to their deficiency.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the water-soluble nature of Vitamins B and C and the body's inability to store them as the primary reason for common deficiencies. Mention their continuous excretion.

 

Question 2. Exposure to sunlight is essential.
Answer:
1. On exposure to sunlight our body synthesizes Vitamin D from substances in milk, fish, eggs and butter.
2. Its deficiency causes softening of bones (Rickets).
3. Vitamin D helps in absorbing calcium and phosphorous for healthy bones and teeth.
4. Hence, exposure to sunlight is essential.
In simple words: Exposure to sunlight is essential because it enables our body to synthesize Vitamin D, which is critical for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This absorption strengthens bones and teeth, preventing conditions like rickets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize sunlight's role in Vitamin D synthesis and how Vitamin D directly impacts calcium/phosphorus absorption for bone health. Rickets is a key disease to mention.

 

Complete the tables given below:

 

1.

Nutrients	Source	Function
1. Carbohydrates	Rice, chapatti	Provide energy
2. Fats	Oil, butter	Provide energy
3. Proteins	Sprouts, meat, eggs	Growth, repairing wear and tear of the body.
4. Vitamins	Vegetables, fruits	Improve body's resistance to diseases
5. Fibre	Sprouts, vegetable, fruits	Help in excretion

 

2.

Mineral	Source	Function
1. Iron	Spinach, raisins	Carrying oxygen to all parts of the body
2. Calcium, phosphorous	Milk, milk products, meat	Strengthen bones and teeth
3. Iodine	Raisins, fish, sea fish	Controls growth, speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
4. Sodium and potassium	Salt, leafy vegetables, fruits, pulses	Maintain the body's water balance and functioning of the muscles and nervous system.

 

3.

Vitamins	Source	Function
1. A	Carrot, milk, vegetables	Protects eyes, helps to keep skin, bones and teeth healthy.
2. B1	Milk, fish, cereals	Helps in proper function of nerves and heart.
3. B9	Deep green vegetables, papaya, kiwi	Growth of the body
4. B12	Meat, milk products	Formation of red blood cells
5. C	Amla, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables	Protects body tissues
6. D	On exposure to sunlight, Vitamin D is made in our body	Formation of collagen - a protein essential for gums, teeth, bones and skin
7. E	Green leafy vegetables, vegetable oil	Metabolism, reproduction
8. F	Green leafy vegetables, sprouted pulses, yellow of egg	Helps in clotting of blood

 

Using The Food Items Given Below, Prepare A Balanced Diet Pyramid.

[Chapatti, banana, carrot, butter, Nan, egg, bread, cheese, dal, spinach, milk]
Answer:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक संतुलित आहार पिरामिड है जो विभिन्न खाद्य पदार्थों को उनके पोषण संबंधी महत्व के अनुसार व्यवस्थित करता है। पिरामिड का निचला और सबसे बड़ा हिस्सा अनाज और दालों को दर्शाता है, जो ऊर्जा के प्रमुख स्रोत हैं, जबकि ऊपरी और सबसे छोटा हिस्सा वसा और तैलीय पदार्थों को इंगित करता है, जिनका सेवन कम मात्रा में करना चाहिए। विभिन्न स्तरों पर फल, सब्जियां, दूध उत्पाद और मांसाहारी खाद्य पदार्थ भी दर्शाए गए हैं, जो एक स्वस्थ और विविध आहार के लिए आवश्यक हैं।

Day 1: Cereal like cornflakes and milk, apple, roti, sabzi and dal.
Day 2: Bread and butter with milk, rice/ roti and chicken, curd, any one type of fruit, salad.
Day 3: Poha, green vegetable and dal with rice or roti, raita, one fruit, vegetable sandwich.
In simple words: A balanced diet pyramid helps in planning meals by categorizing food items based on their nutritional importance, suggesting larger portions from the bottom (cereals, pulses) and smaller portions from the top (fats). The provided daily plans offer examples of how to combine various food groups like cereals, milk, fruits, vegetables, and proteins for a varied and balanced intake.

🎯 Exam Tip: When preparing a balanced diet plan using a food pyramid, ensure variety across the days and justify your choices by referencing the nutritional role of each food group within the pyramid structure.

 

Can You Recall?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में विभिन्न प्रकार के खाद्य पदार्थ दिखाए गए हैं, जिनमें समुद्री भोजन जैसे मछली, ताजे फल (सेब, केला, संतरे), सब्जियां (गाजर, टमाटर), अंडे, दूध, तेल, अनाज और दालें शामिल हैं। यह विभिन्न खाद्य समूहों को दर्शाता है जो मनुष्य के आहार का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हैं और संतुलित पोषण के लिए आवश्यक हैं।

 

Question 1. Which are the various groups of foodstuff? Which main constituents of food do we get?
Answer:The various groups of foodstuffs are:
1. Milk and milk products, meat, fish, eggs.
2. Cereals and pulses
3. Vegetables and fruits.
4. Fatty substances oil, butter and ghee.
There are six main nutrients in our food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals.

Nutrients	Foodstuffs
1. Carbohydrates	Cereals and pulses
2. Protein	Milk product, meat, fish, eggs
3. Fats	Butter, oil, ghee
4. Fibres	fruits and vegetables

In simple words: Foodstuffs are categorized into groups like milk products, cereals, vegetables, fruits, and fatty substances. From these, we primarily obtain six main nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibres, vitamins, and minerals, each vital for various bodily functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list the four main groups of foodstuffs and the six essential nutrients. Be prepared to associate specific food items with the nutrients they provide.

 

Question 2. What trouble do we have to face if we do not get enough fibre from our daily diet?
Answer:Fibres help in excretion of food, if we do not get enough fibre we will face indigestion and stomach-ache.
In simple words: Insufficient fibre in the diet can lead to difficulties in food excretion, resulting in digestive issues like indigestion and stomach-ache because fibre is crucial for maintaining a healthy digestive system and regular bowel movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on fibre's role in digestion and excretion. The key problems to mention for lack of fibre are indigestion and stomach-ache.

 

Question 3. What care must be taken to make sure that fibre is not lost or removed from the food we get?
Answer:We must not over-cook the foodstuff containing fibres. Fruits should be eaten raw.
In simple words: To preserve fibre in food, it's important not to over-cook fibrous foodstuffs, as excessive heat can break down fibre. Additionally, consuming fruits raw ensures their fibre content remains intact, as cooking can reduce it.

🎯 Exam Tip: The main points here are avoiding over-cooking fibrous foods and consuming fruits raw to retain their fibre content. These are practical steps for diet management.