Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Substances in Daily Use PDF Download

Substances In Daily Use

Substances And Objects

All substances are made up of very small particles. Objects are made up of substances. Objects have a specific shape. Their parts have a specific arrangement. By this we identify them. We use wood, plastic or steel to make a table, chair or cupboard. These substances have the strength required to make these articles. Also these substances can be given a desired shape. It means that we consider the properties of substances to use them for making things.

The same substance or material can be used to make many objects. Let us study some such examples.

Cotton is used to make cloth, fibre, thread, sarees, handkerchiefs, quilts, mattresses, pillows, and more.

Iron is used to make construction steel bars, griddles, parts of automobiles, electric poles, tables, cupboards, and more.

Aluminium is used to make kitchen utensils and electrical cables.

By studying the properties of substances, we can select substances suitable for our purposes. The substances in everyday use are of two main kinds. They are natural and man-made substances.

Teacher's Note

Think about a table at your home. The table is made from wood. Wood is a substance. The table is an object made from this substance. We choose wood because it is strong and can be shaped.

Exam Trick

Remember: Substance = raw material. Object = finished product made from substance. Like rice is a substance, but rice pudding is an object made from it.

Points To Remember

All objects are made from substances.
Substances have different properties.
We choose the right substance to make the right object.
One substance can make many different objects.
There are natural substances and man-made substances.

Natural Substances

Substances available in nature are called natural substances. Of these, substances of the first group are obtained from living things. Substances obtained from living things are called biotic substances. Air, soil and water are substances that are not obtained from living things. They are called abiotic substances.

Leather and wool are obtained from animals. They are of animal origin. Jute and cotton are substances of plant origin.

Teacher's Note

In India, we get cotton from cotton plants. Cotton cloth is made from this. We also get wool from sheep. Both are natural substances from living things.

Exam Trick

Remember: Biotic = from living things like plants and animals. Abiotic = from non-living things like soil, water, and air.

Points To Remember

Natural substances come from nature.
Biotic substances come from living things.
Abiotic substances come from non-living things.
Animal origin means from animals.
Plant origin means from plants.

Man-Made Substances

It is human nature to strive for newer things. We try to make life more comfortable. As a result of our efforts, man not only learnt to use natural substances. He also began to process them to make new substances. Several such substances are easier to use. They can be made available in plenty at a low cost. Therefore these substances came to be used on a large scale. There are many such man-made substances in use today.

New substances produced by processing naturally available substances are called man-made substances.

Teacher's Note

Plastic is a man-made substance. It is made by processing oil. We use plastic bags, bottles, and toys every day in India.

Exam Trick

Remember: Man-made substance = natural substance + process + chemicals = new product. Like cotton + chemicals + heat = polyester cloth.

Points To Remember

Man-made substances are made by humans from natural substances.
They are made easier to use and cheaper to produce.
Processing natural substances creates new substances.
Man-made substances include plastic, nylon, cement, and brick.
We use man-made substances in our homes every day.

Examples Of Man-Made Substances

Teacher's Note

In India, we use bricks and cement to build houses. These are man-made substances. Bricks are made from soil by baking in fire. Cement is made from limestone and other materials.

Exam Trick

Remember: Look at the table. For every natural substance, there is a man-made replacement. This shows humans can make new things from nature.

Points To Remember

Man-made substances replace natural substances in many ways.
Construction uses both natural and man-made materials.
Writing materials have changed from natural to man-made.
Threads and fibres are available both naturally and as man-made products.
Man-made substances are often cheaper and easier to produce.

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