Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Natural Resources Air Water and Land Solutions

Std 6 Science Chapter 1 Natural Resources – Air, Water And Land Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Natural Resources – Air, Water And Land Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Fill In The Blanks And Rewrite The Completed Statements.

Question a. The layer of ozone gas absorbs ............ rays that come from the sun to the earth.
Answer: Ultraviolet (U.V) rays
In simple words: The ozone layer protects Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific type of rays absorbed by the ozone layer.

Question b. Of the total water available on the earth, fresh water forms ........... percent.
Answer: 0.3%
In simple words: Only a very small fraction of Earth's total water is available as fresh water for human use.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the exact percentage of fresh water available on Earth for direct use.

Question c. Both ............ and ............ constituents are present in the soil.
Answer: biotic, abiotic
In simple words: Soil contains both living (biotic) components like microbes and non-living (abiotic) components like minerals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to differentiate between biotic and abiotic components in soil.

2. Why Is It Said That?

Question a. The ozone layer is a protective shell of earth.
Answer:
1. The ultra violet (UV) rays coming from the sun are very harmful for living things.
2. The ozone layer present in the lower stratosphere absorb this U.V. rays and prevent them from reaching the earth. As a result life on earth is protected.
3. Therefore, it is said that the ozone layer is a protective shell of the earth.
In simple words: The ozone layer acts like a shield, absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which is crucial for protecting all life forms on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the mechanism by which the ozone layer protects Earth and its significance.

Question 2. Water is life.
Answer:
1. Water is a good solvent and it dissolves many substances.
2. The human blood is made of 70% water and the sap of plant also contains a very high proportion of water.
3. All the life processes would not take place in the absence of water.
4. Hence, without water no living organism can survive.
5. Therefore, it is said that 'water is life'.
In simple words: Water is essential for all life processes, acts as a solvent, and forms a major part of living organisms, making survival impossible without it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the fundamental roles of water in biological systems and its importance for survival.

Question c. Sea water is useful even though it is not potable.
OR
In what way is sea water useful even though it is salty?
Answer:
1. Many fish and aquatic animals live in sea water.
2. The water from the sea evaporates to form clouds which brings rain.
3. The sea water also helps the land to cool due to breezes.
4. The salt and minerals are also obtained from sea water.
5. Corals and pearls are obtained from sea animals.
6. Thus, sea water is useful even though it is not potable.
In simple words: Despite being undrinkable, seawater is vital for marine ecosystems, contributes to the water cycle, moderates climate, and is a source of salts, minerals, and marine products.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate various indirect benefits and uses of seawater, beyond just drinking, for a comprehensive answer.

3. What Will Happen If

Question a. Microbes in soil get destroyed.
Answer:
1. Microbes in the soil decompose dead plants and animals and convert it into humus. This humus supplies nutrients to the soil.
2. Humus also aerates soil and holds water in it. It makes the soil more fertile.
3. If microbes are destroyed, humus will not be formed and the soil will not become fertile, making it unsuitable for growth of plants. Also dead and decaying matter will accumulate on land.
In simple words: If soil microbes are destroyed, the decomposition of organic matter would stop, preventing humus formation and nutrient cycling, leading to infertile soil and accumulation of dead material.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the role of microbes in decomposition, humus formation, and soil fertility.

Question b. The number of vehicles and factories in your surroundings increases.
Answer:
1. Vehicles and factories are the major cause of air pollution.
2. They release harmful gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide into the air.
3. These pollutants are harmful to the environment and to the people living in the surrounding area.
4. Hence, if the number of vehicles and factories in our surroundings increases, the air pollution will also increase.
In simple words: An increase in vehicles and factories would significantly raise air pollution levels by releasing more harmful gases, negatively impacting both the environment and human health.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific harmful gases released by vehicles and factories and their impact on air quality.

Question c. The total supply of potable water is finished.
Answer:
1. Water plays very important role in the survival of living organism.
2. All living things are dependent on water.
3. A very small quantity of water is potable and can be used for drinking.
4. All bodily functions are regulated by water.
5. Therefore, if total supply of potable water is finished, plants and animals will not survive and there will be no life on earth.
In simple words: If all potable water runs out, no living organisms, including plants and animals, would be able to survive, leading to the complete extinction of life on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the absolute necessity of potable water for all life processes and the dire consequences of its depletion.

4. Match The Following.

Question a.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the primary function or significance of each natural resource/component to accurately match them.

5. Name The Following.

Question a. Constituents of biosphere.
Answer: Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and all living things on earth.
In simple words: The biosphere is composed of the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land), and all the living organisms within them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the four main spheres that constitute the Earth's biosphere.

Question b. Biotic constituents of soil.
Answer: Microbes, worms, insects, burrowing rhodents like rats, mice, roots of trees and plants.
In simple words: Biotic constituents of soil include all living organisms within it, such as microbes, insects, rodents, and plant roots.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on identifying living organisms that contribute to the composition and health of soil.

Question c. Fossil fuel.
Answer: Crude oil from which we get kerosene, petrol, diesel, paraffin wax and tar.
In simple words: Fossil fuels are naturally occurring fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms, like crude oil, which is processed into various petroleum products.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the origin of fossil fuels and examples of products derived from crude oil.

Question d. Inert gases in air.
Answer: Neon, argon, helium, krypton, xenon.
In simple words: Inert gases, also known as noble gases, are a group of chemical elements that are unreactive and found in small quantities in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the common names of inert gases found in the Earth's atmosphere.

Question e. Gases that are harmful to ozone layer.
Answer: Chlorofluorocarbon and carbon tetrachloride.
In simple words: Certain synthetic gases, like chlorofluorocarbons, are known to deplete the ozone layer, harming Earth's protective shield.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific chemical compounds that cause ozone depletion.

6. True Or False?

Question a. Land and soil is the same thing.
Answer: False - Land consists of stones, soil and big rocks.
In simple words: Land refers to the entire solid surface of the Earth, including rocks and soil, while soil is just the uppermost, fertile layer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the broader concept of 'land' and the specific layer known as 'soil'.

Question b. The water in a lake is called ground water.
Answer: False - Water trapped below the ground over the bedrocks is called ground water.
In simple words: Water in a lake is surface water; groundwater is stored beneath the Earth's surface in aquifers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between surface water bodies (like lakes) and underground water sources (groundwater).

Question c. It takes about thousand years to form a 25 cm thick layer of soil.
Answer: False - It almost takes around thousand years to form a 2.5 cm thick layer of soil.
In simple words: Soil formation is an extremely slow process, requiring approximately a thousand years to create just a small layer of 2.5 cm.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate time it takes for a significant layer of soil to form, noting the small thickness achieved over a long period.

Question d. Radon is used in decorative lights.
Answer: False - Neon is used in decorative lights.
In simple words: Neon gas is commonly used in decorative lights to produce vibrant colors, unlike radon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know which inert gas is specifically used for decorative lighting purposes.

7. Answer In Your Own Words.

Question a. Explain with the help of a diagram how soil is formed.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र मिट्टी के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया को दर्शाता है। इसमें दिखाया गया है कि कैसे अजैविक घटक (जैसे हवा, बारिश, गर्मी, ठंड) और जैविक घटक (जैसे सूक्ष्मजीव, कृन्तक, पौधों की जड़ें) चट्टानों को तोड़कर धीरे-धीरे पत्थर, रेत और अंततः मिट्टी बनाते हैं।
1. The soil on the land is formed by a natural process.
2. The abiotic components of soil are supplied through the weathering of the bedrock.
3. Due to heat, cold wind and rain the bedrock breaks down into pieces.
4. Stones, sand and soil are formed from these pieces.
5. Microbes, worms, insects, rodents and roots of trees growing on land help in weathering of rocks.
This process is slow, continuous and it takes a thousand years to form 2.5 cm thick layer of mature soil.
In simple words: Soil forms through the slow weathering of bedrock by natural elements like heat, cold, wind, and rain, aided by living organisms such as microbes and plant roots, which break down rocks into smaller particles over thousands of years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the role of both abiotic (physical) and biotic (biological) factors in the process of soil formation, and mention its slow nature.

Question b. Why is there a shortage of water even though it occupies about 71% of the earth's surface?
Answer:
1. 71% of earth's surface is covered with water of, which 97% is salty water present in seas and oceans and 2.7% water is available as ground water, ice and in other forms.
2. Only 0.3% water is available as fresh water which can be used for drinking.
3. All the living organisms require water to drink. The water is used in the industry and also for farming.
4. Due to increasing population and uncontrolled usage, we experience shortage of water.
In simple words: Despite vast water coverage, most is salty and unusable; only a tiny fraction (0.3%) is fresh water, which is rapidly depleted by rising population, industry, and agriculture, leading to scarcity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the distribution of water (salty vs. fresh) and the factors contributing to fresh water scarcity (population, industry, agriculture).

Question c. What are the various constituents of air? Write their uses.
Answer: Air contains gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, inert gases, water vapour and dust particles. The uses of constituents of air are as follows.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to list the major constituents of air along with their approximate proportions and primary uses.

Question d. Why are air, water and land considered to be valuable natural resources?
Answer:
1. The various components of air help and support the growth of living organisms.
2. Nitrogen is used to make proteins, oxygen is used for respiration and carbon dioxide is used to make food by plants.
3. Similarly, land supports growth of terrestrial plants and animals. It provides important minerals to plants and also to human beings.?
4. It is the shelter for worms, insects and rodents and supports their growth. Plants also cannot survive without land.
5. Water is necessary for carrying out all life processes in the living organisms and without water there will be no life on earth.
6. Hence land, air and water are considered valuable natural resources.
In simple words: Air, water, and land are vital natural resources because they provide essential elements like oxygen, water, nutrients, and habitat, fundamentally supporting all life processes and ecological systems on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the specific contributions of air, water, and land separately to life and ecosystems, showing why they are invaluable.

Activity:

Question 1. Obtain detailed information about the work of the India Meteorological Department.
In simple words: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is responsible for weather forecasting, monitoring atmospheric phenomena, and providing climate-related services for various sectors like agriculture and disaster management.

🎯 Exam Tip: Briefly explain the main functions and importance of national meteorological agencies.

Question 2. Find a remedy for water scarcity.
In simple words: Remedies for water scarcity include rainwater harvesting, conservation efforts like reducing waste, efficient irrigation, and developing sustainable water management policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about practical steps at individual, community, and governmental levels to conserve and manage water resources.

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Natural Resources – Air, Water And Land Important Questions And Answers

Fill In The Blanks And Rewrite The Completed Statements.

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Natural Resources Air, Water And Land Exercise Question 1. ............ gas, used for refrigeration and air conditioning, destroys the ozone layer.
Answer: Chlorofluorocarbon or carbon tetrachloride
In simple words: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and carbon tetrachloride are potent ozone-depleting substances commonly found in refrigerants and industrial chemicals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific chemicals known to harm the ozone layer.

Natural Resources Air Water And Land Class 6 Exercise Question 2. Air becomes ......... at higher altitudes.
Answer: rarer
In simple words: As altitude increases, the air density decreases, making the air thinner and "rarer."

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the relationship between altitude and air density.

Natural Resources Air Water And Land Class 6 Question 3. ..........of land is reduced if green trees and bushes are grown in it.
Answer: Erosion
In simple words: Planting trees and bushes helps prevent soil erosion by anchoring the soil with their roots, reducing the impact of wind and water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the role of vegetation directly to the prevention of soil erosion.

Natural Resources Air Water And Land Class 6 Question 4. 16th September is celebrated as .......... Day all over the world.
Answer: Ozone Protection
In simple words: September 16th is recognized globally as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, highlighting efforts to protect it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know important environmental awareness days and their significance.

Natural Resources Air Water And Land Question Answer Question 5. .......... is the layer of air that surrounds the earth.
Answer: Atmosphere
In simple words: The atmosphere is the blanket of gases that envelops Earth, essential for life and weather patterns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the term for the gaseous layer surrounding Earth.

Natural Resources Air, Water And Land Question 6. .......... occupies the largest part of the earth's surface.
Answer: Hydrosphere
In simple words: The hydrosphere, comprising all water bodies, covers the majority of Earth's surface.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify which of Earth's spheres covers the largest area.

Natural Resources Air Water And Land Class 6 Question 7. Gases are not found in the ................and beyond.
Answer: exosphere
In simple words: The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, where gases become extremely thin and eventually dissipate into space.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the atmospheric layer where gas density is minimal and gases escape into space.

Choose The Correct Alternative:

Question 1. ............ percentage of the land is covered by water.
(a) 70%
(b) 81%
(c) 71%
(d)80%.
Answer: (c) 71%
In simple words: Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, primarily in oceans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the approximate percentage of Earth's surface covered by water.

Question 2. The gas used in fluorescent tubes is ............
(a) Argon
(b) Helium
(c) Neon
(d) Krypton.
Answer: (d) Krypton
In simple words: Krypton is one of the inert gases commonly used in fluorescent tubes to produce light when excited.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know which inert gas is specifically used in fluorescent lighting technology.

Question 3. The ozone layer is found in the lower part of ............
(a) atmosphere
(b) stratosphere
(c) mesosphere
(d) trophosphere.
Answer: (b) stratosphere
In simple words: The ozone layer, which protects us from UV radiation, is primarily located within the stratosphere, an atmospheric layer above the troposphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific atmospheric layer where the ozone layer is situated.

Question 4. Gas released in air on combustion of fuel is ............
(a) Hydrogen sulphide
(b) Carbon tetrachloride
(c) Nitrogen dioxide
(d) Oxygen
Answer: (c) Nitrogen dioxide
In simple words: Nitrogen dioxide is a harmful gas produced during the combustion of fuels, contributing to air pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify common harmful gases that are byproducts of fuel combustion.

Question 5. The proportion of humus in the upper layer of good fertile soil is about ............
(a) 23% to 45%
(b) 33% to 50%
(c) 30% to 53%
(d) 13% to 33%
Answer: (b) 33% to 50%
In simple words: Humus, formed from decomposed organic matter, typically constitutes a significant portion (33% to 50%) of healthy, fertile topsoil, enriching it with nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate percentage of humus in fertile topsoil.

Match The Following:

Question 1.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the primary uses or effects of various gases and chemical compounds to make correct matches.

Name The Following:

Question 1. Substances formed when fuel burns.
Answer: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and smoke.
In simple words: Burning fuels release several substances into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide, along with particulate matter (smoke).

🎯 Exam Tip: List the major gaseous and particulate byproducts of fuel combustion.

Question 2. Layers of the atmosphere.
Answer: Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and exosphere.
In simple words: Earth's atmosphere is structured into distinct layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere, each with unique characteristics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names of the different layers of Earth's atmosphere in their correct order.

Question 3. Layers of land.
Answer: Humus, mature soil, immature soil, small rocks and stones and bedrock.
In simple words: Land consists of various layers, from the nutrient-rich humus and mature soil at the top, down through immature soil, small rocks, and eventually to the solid bedrock.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate the distinct layers that make up the Earth's land profile, from topsoil to bedrock.

Question 4. Gas necessary for building proteins.
Answer: Nitrogen.
In simple words: Nitrogen is a crucial element for all living organisms, playing a fundamental role in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key gaseous element essential for protein synthesis in living organisms.

State Whether True Or False. Correct If False.

Question 1. The amount of gases in the air is greatest near the surface and becomes rarer at higher altitudes.
Answer: True.
In simple words: Air density is highest at sea level due to gravity, and it progressively decreases as one goes higher in the atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how atmospheric pressure and gravity affect gas distribution with altitude.

Question 2. Fogs, clouds, snow, and rain are produced in the exosphere.
Answer: False - Fogs, clouds, snow and rain are formed in the troposphere and lower stratosphere of the atmosphere.
In simple words: Weather phenomena like fogs, clouds, snow, and rain occur in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, not the exosphere, which is too high and thin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific atmospheric layers where major weather events take place.

Question 3. Fossil fuels are formed from the dead remains of animals and plants buried underground for a long period.
Answer: True.
In simple words: Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are created over millions of years from the anaerobic decomposition of dead organic matter under intense heat and pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the origin and formation process of fossil fuels from ancient organic matter.

Explain What Will Happen If:

Question 1. Forests are destroyed.
Answer:1. Soil will get eroded due to rains as roots of trees hold the soil.
2. The land will become barren as trees helps to increase the level of ground water.
3. Amount of carbondioxide in the air will increase as trees use carbondioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen.
4. Natural habitat of many animals will get completely destroyed.
In simple words: Destroying forests leads to soil erosion, barren land, increased carbon dioxide, and loss of animal habitats, severely harming the environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the interconnected impacts of deforestation on soil, water cycle, atmosphere, and biodiversity for a comprehensive answer.

Question 2. What would have happened if there was no air on the earth?
Answer:1. Air contains gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, dust particles and water vapour, which are used in various processes in living organisms and environment.
2. If there is no air then there will be no life as oxygen is essential for all living beings to survive. Also atmosphere is a very important filter. It prevents die harmful elements from reaching the earth.
3. Hence without air, our earth would become a cold, dark planet without any life.
In simple words: Without air, there would be no oxygen for life, no atmosphere to filter harmful rays, and the Earth would be a cold, dark, lifeless planet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the crucial roles of oxygen, atmospheric protection, and temperature regulation that air provides to support life on Earth.

Answer The Following:

Question 1. What is humus?
Answer: Humus is the topmost layer of the soil formed by decomposition of remains of plants and animals and it makes the soil fertile.
In simple words: Humus is the nutrient-rich top layer of soil created from decomposed plants and animals, making the soil fertile.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember humus is vital for soil fertility due to its role in nutrient supply and soil structure.

Question 2. What is land made up of?
Answer: Land is made up of stones, soil, sand and big rocks.
In simple words: Land is composed of various materials like soil, sand, and different sizes of rocks.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the primary physical components that form the solid surface of the Earth.

Question 3. Is land flat everywhere?
Answer: No, land is not flat everywhere. It is flat in some regions and hilly in some regions.
In simple words: Land is not uniformly flat; it has varied topography, including flat plains and hilly areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Briefly state that Earth's surface has diverse geographical features, not just flat plains.

Question 4. Does man produce soil/ land?
Answer: No, man does not produce soil/land, it is produced naturally.
In simple words: Soil and land are natural resources formed through geological and biological processes, not created by humans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that soil formation is a slow, natural process, not an artificial one.

Question 5. What do you see on land?
Answer: We see mountains, rivers, valleys, ocean, also terrestrial animals and plants. We also see roads, bridges, buildings etc.
In simple words: On land, we observe natural features like mountains and rivers, living organisms like plants and animals, and man-made structures such as roads and buildings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include both natural geographical features and human-made structures, along with living things, in your answer.

Question 6. What has man created on land?
Answer: Man has dug wells, borewells to lift ground water. He has also constructed bunds and dams. He has also built many industries, buildings, roads for transport.
In simple words: Humans have built infrastructure like wells, dams, industries, buildings, and roads on land to support their activities and development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on significant human-made structures and infrastructure built on land, linking them to human needs and development.

Question 7. If a deep pit is dug in the ground, what do you see there?
Answer: We see different layers of land.
In simple words: Digging a deep pit reveals the distinct layers of soil and rock beneath the surface.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key concept is the layered structure of the earth's crust, visible when excavated deeply.

Answer In Your Own Words.

Question 1. Explain with the help of diagram various layers of land.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र भूमि की विभिन्न परतों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें सबसे ऊपर ह्यूमस, फिर मिट्टी, उसके नीचे अपरिपक्व मिट्टी, फिर मिट्टी और छोटे पत्थरों की परत, और सबसे नीचे आधारशिला (bedrock) होती है। यह संरचना मिट्टी के विकास और उसकी विभिन्न घटकों को स्पष्ट करती है।
• Humus - Topmost layer, fertile layer formed by decomposition of remains of plants and animals.
• Immature Soil - Sand, soil, small stones, worms and insects.
• Layer of soil and small rocks - less soil and more rocks.
• Bedrocks - main minerals are obtained from this layer, determines colour and texture of soil.
In simple words: The land is composed of distinct layers: humus at the top, followed by soil, immature soil, a layer of soil and small rocks, and finally the bedrock, each with unique characteristics and components.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly label and describe each layer from top to bottom, explaining its composition and significance for full marks.

Observe The Picture And Answer The Questions.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र पृथ्वी के तीन मुख्य मंडलों - वायुमंडल (Atmosphere), जलमंडल (Hydrosphere) और स्थलमंडल (Lithosphere) - को दर्शाता है। इसमें पहाड़, नदियाँ, पेड़, जानवर, बादल, नाव और हवाई जहाज जैसी विभिन्न प्राकृतिक और मानव निर्मित चीजें इन मंडलों में कैसे मौजूद हैं, इसका चित्रण किया गया है।

Question 1. Where do you see the birds?
Answer: The birds are flying in the sky.
In simple words: Birds are seen flying in the atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the correct sphere where birds are found.

Question 2. Where is the cow grazing?
Answer: The cow is grazing in the pasture (field).
In simple words: The cow is grazing on the land, specifically in a pasture.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the specific location on land where the cow is grazing.

Question 3. Locate the trees.
Answer: The trees are seen along the river bank.
In simple words: Trees are located on the land, particularly near the river bank.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pinpoint the geographical feature where the trees are situated.

Question 4. Where does the river come from?
Answer: The river flows from the mountains towards the plains.
In simple words: The river originates in the mountains and flows downhill to the plains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the typical source and direction of flow for a river.

Question 5. Where is the aeroplane?
Answer: The aeroplane is in the sky above the clouds.
In simple words: The aeroplane is flying high in the atmosphere, above the cloud layer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the specific part of the atmosphere where the aeroplane is located.

Question 6. Where are fishes seen?
Answer: Fishes are seen swimming in the river water.
In simple words: Fishes are found in the hydrosphere, specifically swimming in the river.

🎯 Exam Tip: State that fishes inhabit the aquatic environment, such as a river.

Question 7. On what is the sail boat floating?
Answer: Sail boat is floating on the water.
In simple words: The sailboat is floating on the surface of the water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the medium on which the boat is supported.

Observe And Discuss:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): इस चित्र में वायु प्रदूषण के तीन अलग-अलग स्रोत दिखाए गए हैं: एक चिमनी से निकलता घना धुआँ, एक वाहन से निकलने वाला निकास धुआँ, और एक जंगल की आग से उठता विशाल धुआँ। ये सभी दृश्य वातावरण में बड़े पैमाने पर धुएँ के उत्सर्जन को दर्शाते हैं।

Question 1. What is the similarity in the three pictures given above?
Answer: All the pictures given above show large scale emission of smoke through different agencies. This smoke directly mixes with the atmosphere, disturbing the balance between the constituents of air and causing air pollution.
In simple words: All three pictures depict various sources (factories, vehicles, fires) releasing large amounts of smoke into the atmosphere, leading to air pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the common theme of smoke emission from different sources, leading to air pollution.

Observe And Discuss:

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह वृत्त आरेख पृथ्वी पर जल के वितरण को दर्शाता है। इसमें दिखाया गया है कि 'समुद्र और महासागर' में सबसे बड़ा हिस्सा (97%) है, 'भूमिगत जल, बर्फ और अन्य रूपों' में एक छोटा हिस्सा है, और 'पीने के लिए उपलब्ध जल' (ताजा पानी) का सबसे छोटा हिस्सा है। यह दर्शाता है कि कुल जल का एक बहुत ही छोटा अंश ही पीने योग्य है।

Question 1. Observe the distribution of water on the earth surface and complete the table.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately recall the percentages for salty water, groundwater, and potable fresh water to complete the distribution table.

Observe Given Figure Carefully And Answer The Following.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र पृथ्वी पर पानी के विभिन्न उपयोगों को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक नदी दिखाई गई है जहाँ लोग कपड़े धो रहे हैं, नहा रहे हैं, और कृषि के लिए पानी का उपयोग किया जा रहा है। पृष्ठभूमि में, उद्योगों और शहरी क्षेत्रों को भी दर्शाया गया है जो पानी का उपयोग करते हैं, जिससे पानी के बहुआयामी उपयोग का पता चलता है।

Question 1. For which purpose is water being used?
Answer: Water is being used for washing clothes, for bathing, farming, drinking, and industries.
In simple words: Water is used for essential daily activities like washing, bathing, drinking, and also extensively in farming and industries.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a range of common human activities and economic sectors that rely on water.

Question 2. Do other living things use water like we do?
Answer: Animals do not use water like us. They use water only for drinking. Some animals like buffaloes, rhinoceros, elephants use water for cooling themselves during summers.
In simple words: Unlike humans, most animals primarily use water for drinking and some large animals also use it for cooling, but not for complex activities like washing or industrial processes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between human water usage (diverse) and animal water usage (primarily drinking and cooling).

Question 3. What are the constituents of soil? Classify them as biotic and abiotic constituents.
Answer: The constituents of soil are humus, soil, sand, gravel, stones, bedrock, insects, worms, microbes, roots of trees and dead leaves, burrowing rodents like mice and rats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear list of both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of soil, ensuring accurate classification.

Answer The Following:

Question 1. How would you save water? Give some measures you will adopt.
Answer: Water can be saved in the following ways:
1. Repair the leaking taps and pipes and prevent wastage of water.
2. Take water in a bucket to wash a car, rather than using a hose pipe.
3. Close the tap when not required.
4. Store rainwater in underground tanks so that it can be used all round the year.
5. Water leftover after washing vegetables etc. can be used for watering plants in the garden.
6. Use water sparingly and reuse water wherever possible.
In simple words: To save water, we should fix leaks, use buckets instead of hoses, turn off taps when not needed, collect rainwater, reuse greywater for plants, and generally conserve water in all possible ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide practical and actionable measures for water conservation, covering both household habits and resource management.

Question 2. What measures would you take to prevent soil erosion?
Answer:1. The trees, bushes and grass shall be planted in open spaces.
2. Shrubs will be planted along the river banks to prevent floods.
3. Proper drainage system will be provided so that there is no flooding of water.
In simple words: To prevent soil erosion, we should plant trees, bushes, and grass, especially along river banks, and ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogging and runoff.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on vegetative cover and effective water management as key strategies against soil erosion.

Let's Try This

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र एक बोतल में विभिन्न सामग्रियों के मिश्रण की परतों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें सबसे ऊपर सूखी पत्तियाँ, फिर मिट्टी, उसके नीचे रेत, फिर छोटे पत्थर और अंत में सबसे नीचे बड़े पत्थर होते हैं। यह प्रयोग यह समझने में मदद करता है कि मिट्टी कैसे विभिन्न कणों के आकार के आधार पर परतों में व्यवस्थित होती है।

Question 1. How does the mixture in the bottle look now?
Answer: The mixture gets segregated into various layers. Heaviest substances settle down and lighter forms topmost layer.
In simple words: The mixture in the bottle separates into distinct layers, with heavier components settling at the bottom and lighter ones floating or resting on top.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the observed stratification, explaining the principle of density-based separation of components.

Question 2. Do you see the layers in it?
Answer: Yes, we see the layers of soil.
In simple words: Yes, distinct layers representing different soil components are visible in the mixture.

🎯 Exam Tip: A direct 'Yes' followed by a brief confirmation is sufficient here.

Question 3. What is seen in the different layers from top to bottom?
Answer: The dry leaves are floating above the water at the top. Then the layer of the soil, which forms a layer above the sand. Below the sand we see a layer of small stones, and the big ones have settled down at the bottom of the bottle.
In simple words: From top to bottom, the layers consist of dry leaves, then soil, followed by sand, small stones, and finally large stones at the very bottom.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the layers precisely in the correct order, from the uppermost floating material to the heaviest settled at the bottom.

Question 4. Obtain specimens of soil from various places and note the differences in the specimen with respect to colour, feel, texture and size of the particles.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Systematically present observations in a tabular format, highlighting contrasting characteristics of soil from diverse locations.

Question 5. Observe how much water is used and for what purposes it is used in your house for a whole day. Record it in a chart. Discuss this data and find out how much water each person needs in your house.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Present the data clearly in a table, showing usage per activity, and accurately calculate the per-person water requirement.