Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations PDF Download

Human Occupations

Answer the following questions after observing the pictures in figure 10.1.

What are the cows and the buffalo in picture A doing?

What is being obtained in picture B?

What is happening at the Milk Collection Centre in picture C?

In picture D, what is being transported? Where could the tanker be going?

Which products are seen in picture E? From what have these products been made?

What else is happening in picture E?

Out of the products shown in picture F, which products do you use?

What would be the main difference between milk and milk products?

Do these products perish quickly like milk?

Explanation

All the above pictures are related to the rearing of domestic animals, obtaining milk from them, selling milk, processing milk at milk processing centres, making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc. from milk, selling them in the market, etc. This work is carried out at different levels. Man undertakes all these activities to satisfy his own needs. We classify these activities on the basis of their nature and the products they yield.

Teacher's Note

In India, many families earn money by keeping cows and buffaloes and selling milk. The milk is collected and sent to nearby towns for sale.

Exam Trick

Remember: Milk goes bad quickly. But paneer, butter, and cheese last longer. This is because these are processed products.

Points to Remember

Milk comes from cows and buffaloes.
Milk is collected at milk collection centres.
Milk is transported in special tankers.
Ghee, butter, cheese are made from milk.
These products last longer than fresh milk.

Now look at the pictures again and answer the following questions.

Which of these activities is undertaken to obtain a product from nature?

Which product is obtained through it?

How long does this product last?

In which picture is the product obtained from nature being collected?

Which service did the milk producer get through this activity?

Where is the milk being taken? What happens to the milk thereafter?

What milk products are seen in the picture?

Who inspects these products?

What does the shopkeeper do with these products?

Which of these products are perishable and which are non-perishable?

Will the price and weight of these products be same as that of the milk?

Use Your Brain Power!

Milk is available at Rs 40 per litre while dahi at Rs 60 per kg and paneer at Rs 200 per kg. If both are obtained from milk, why is there so much difference in their prices?

Teacher's Note

When milk is made into paneer or dahi, it takes time and effort. This extra work costs money, so the price becomes higher.

Exam Trick

Remember: Processed products = Higher price. Fresh milk = Lower price. The more work done on a product, the more it costs.

Points to Remember

We carry out many activities to fulfil our needs.
Some activities get products directly from nature.
Some activities change those products into new things.
More processed products cost more money.
Different occupations serve different purposes.

We carry out many activities to fulfil our needs. We have many occupations, industries, trades, etc. Some of these activities are directly dependent on nature. It means that the products obtained in these activities are obtained directly from nature. Cows and buffaloes are animals. We domesticate them. See picture A. We get milk from them. Therefore, this occupation is directly dependent on nature. Such occupations which are dependent on nature are called primary occupations, e.g. animal husbandry, fishing, etc.

Some products obtained in primary occupations are used directly while others are used after making some changes in them. Now see picture E. In this picture, the milk is being processed after bringing it to the dairy, that is, the product obtained from nature is processed and made into different products. These products are more durable. Their quality has enhanced too. And, therefore, their price is also higher. For example, shrikhand, butter, cheese and milk powder are processed from milk. This processing is an industrial activity. Industries are based on raw materials. More durable goods are produced in an industry. The raw material supplied to the industries is often obtained from nature, i.e., from primary occupations. Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called secondary occupations.

Teacher's Note

In your town, there may be a small factory that makes paneer or yogurt. Workers there take fresh milk and turn it into these products that stay fresh longer.

Exam Trick

Remember: Primary = Getting from nature. Secondary = Making new things from those products. Like milk to paneer.

Points to Remember

Primary occupations get products straight from nature.
Secondary occupations change those products.
Milk is a primary product from cows.
Paneer and butter are secondary products made from milk.
Secondary products cost more and last longer.

Now look at pictures C, D and F. You will see milk collection and sale of milk, transport of milk and sale of milk products respectively. All these activities are related to the products of primary and secondary occupations. Many a times, these occupations provide complementary services to the other two occupations. Such occupations are called tertiary occupations. These occupations are complementary to all other occupations. These occupations are also called 'service occupations'. These include transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods and sale of goods, etc.

Now look at picture E. Here you can see a person testing the prepared milk products. This person is testing the 'quality' of the products. To do this work, the person must have some special skills. This is also a type of service. But this service is not an ordinary one. It requires special expertise and therefore such services are called quaternary occupations.

Not all the services are directly related to primary or secondary occupations, for example, those of a driver, knife grinder, policeman, the postal service, etc.

Teacher's Note

The person who delivers milk to your home every morning is doing a tertiary job. The person in the shop who sells paneer is also doing a tertiary job.

Exam Trick

Remember: Tertiary = Service jobs. Transport, selling, delivery - these are all tertiary occupations that help other businesses.

Points to Remember

Tertiary occupations are service jobs.
Transport of milk is a tertiary occupation.
Selling products in shops is tertiary.
Tertiary occupations help primary and secondary occupations.
Quaternary occupations need special skills and expertise.

Who examines us when we fall ill?

Who checks our examination papers?

Who prepares the designs of buildings?

Who produces machines and looks after their maintenance and repairs?

Look at the pictures in figure 10.2 carefully. We are learning the classification of occupations. See if you can answer the following questions related to sugar production.

Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary.

Which raw material is used in the secondary occupation?

Which is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation?

Which are the services in tertiary occupations?

Which picture is related to a quaternary occupation? Can you name that occupation?

Think of more such chains of occupations. Draw their pictures and classify them from primary to quaternary as above.

Think and Discuss

What effect does nature have on our occupations? Think a little. Give a thought to the following issues. Discuss them in the class. Write two paragraphs about it.

There have been no rains at all (drought).

A storm strikes.

There was an earthquake.

Untimely rains.

Good rains.

Excessive rains and floods.

All of a sudden, a volcano erupts.

A tsunami hits.

Which occupations are found in your area?

Which occupation is practised on a large scale?

Find the reasons behind it.

Discuss and find the reasons behind a particular industry being located in your area.

Both human and natural factors affect occupations. Can you find those factors?

Obtain information about the damage caused to the environment through different occupations.

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