Maharashtra Board Class 5 Maths Part Two Chapter 14 Pictographs PDF Download

14. Pictographs

The table below gives some bowling figures related to a cricket match.

Scale: 1 picture = 1 over (6 balls)

Answer the following questions by referring to the table above.

(1) About how many bowlers does the table give information?

(2) Who gave away the most runs?

(3) How many overs did Chandrakant bowl?

(4) How many wickets did Ramakant take?

(5) How many balls did Ahmed bowl?

(6) How many runs did Chandrakant give?

(7) How many overs were bowled altogether?

(8) Who gave away the least runs per over?

Thus, we can see that a lot of information can be obtained from the pictures in this table. Such tables which represent information using pictures or icons are called pictographs or pictograms.

Teacher's Note

Pictographs use pictures to show numbers. For example, in your school, we can show how many students like cricket by drawing cricket balls instead of writing numbers.

Exam Trick

Always check the scale first! One picture may mean 1 or 10 or 100 things. Read the scale before answering any question.

Points to Remember

Pictographs show information using pictures.

Each picture stands for a certain number based on the scale.

Always check the scale before reading a pictograph.

Pictorial Representation Of Numerical Data

Example (1) During a survey, the numbers of students living in different types of houses were listed as shown below.

Let us make a pictograph based on this. For the cricket data, cricket balls were used. What icon shall we use for students? Surely, a smiley will be just right.

Should we draw 20 faces for 20 children?

That is not necessary. It is easier to use an appropriate scale for the numbers in the information or data. For example, here all three numbers in the given data are divisible by 4. So, using one picture for 4 students, the students living in bungalows will be shown by 1 picture, those in apartments by 5, and those in row houses, by 2 pictures. After drawing the pictures, our pictograph will look like this:

Scale: 1 picture = 4 students

The aim of pictographs is to make numerical information easier to understand. Note that all the numbers given here are also divisible by 2. So, we could use a scale of 2 students per picture. In that case, the number of pictures will increase. As a result, it will not be as easy to understand the given numerical information.

To make a pictograph, we must:

Study the numerical information given.

Find out the factors of all the numbers to be represented.

Choose an appropriate scale.

Choose an appropriate symbol.

Make the right columns for the pictograph.

Below the pictograph, write the scale used.

Teacher's Note

Before making a pictograph, check which numbers divide all your data evenly. This helps you choose a good scale that does not need too many pictures.

Exam Trick

Find the common factors of all numbers. Pick the biggest common factor to make fewer pictures, so it is easy to read.

Points to Remember

Always find common factors of all numbers first.

Choose a scale that makes fewer pictures.

Write the scale clearly below the pictograph.

Use simple pictures or symbols that match the data.

Example (2) Information collected from 150 students about their parents' occupations is given below. Make a pictograph based on it.

All the given numbers can be divided by 2, 5 and 10. '1 picture for 10 students' will be a convenient scale. So, we will draw 6 pictures for 60 students, 2 for 20, 3 for 30 and 4 for 40 students.

Keeping in mind the type of information, this picture will be appropriate.

Our pictograph will look like the one given below.

Scale: 1 picture = 10 students

Teacher's Note

When you have big numbers like 60, 20, 30, using a scale of 10 makes your pictograph short and easy to read. This is like how we count money in rupees instead of paise.

Exam Trick

Look for 10, 20, or 50 as common factors. These scales make the pictograph clean and simple with fewer pictures to draw.

Points to Remember

Larger scales like 10 or 20 make fewer pictures.

Fewer pictures make the pictograph easier to read.

Always check if all numbers divide equally by your chosen scale.

A good scale saves time and space.

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