Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part I Chapter 14 Transport PDF Download

Transport

Try This

Children, let us try an experiment.

Choose a friend's house, park, shop or school that is one kilometre away from your home.

(1) On the first day, walk to your chosen place.

(2) On the second day, ride to it on your bicycle.

(3) On the third day, take an automobile.

While doing this, always take your school bag with you. Use the same route for all three journeys.

Now, note down the following.

1. The time taken for each journey on each of the three days.

2. Which journey took the longest time and which took the shortest time?

3. On which journey did you have to carry your own things?

4. Which was the most comfortable journey?

5. On which journey did you have to use fuel?

6. On which journey were you most bothered by smoke and noise?

From your answers, you will see that walking takes the most time and you have to put in labour to carry your own things. Using a vehicle saves time and effort.

You must have also realized that we need to use fuels in automobiles. This causes air and noise pollution. It means that different modes of transport have different advantages and disadvantages.

Teacher's Note

In India, many children walk to school or ride bicycles. Some children use buses or autos. Each way has good and bad points for our environment.

Exam Trick

Remember: Walking = no pollution but takes time. Car = fast but causes pollution. This is the main idea to remember!

Points to Remember

Walking takes the most time but causes no pollution.
Bicycles save money and do not cause pollution.
Cars are fast and comfortable but use fuel and cause pollution.
Different vehicles have different advantages and disadvantages.
We must balance speed, comfort, and protecting our environment.

In today's high speed world we have to depend on several modes of travel and transportation of goods. Modern means of transport have many advantages.

Work gets done sooner.

Time and effort are saved.

Trade is facilitated.

Different parts of the world are now connected due to transport facilities.

The transport of goods even on a global level has become simple and easy.

As so many things are easily available, the lifestyle of people has improved.

The facilities of tourism, health, education, etc. have become speedier.

Due to the various means of transport, the world has come closer.

Can You Tell?

Have a class discussion on the advantages of transportation.

Teacher's Note

Think about how buses and trains help people go to hospitals, schools, and offices. Without transport, we could not buy vegetables from farms or go to the doctor quickly.

Exam Trick

Remember: Transport = Trade, Tourism, Teaching, Treatment (doctors). These four T's help you remember the advantages!

Points to Remember

Transport helps goods move from one place to another easily.
Hospitals, schools, and shops are possible because of transport.
People can travel to far places for work and education.
Trade and business grow because of good transport.
Transport brings the world closer together.

Study the pictures and note the answers to the following.

1. Where have the children stopped?

2. Why have they stopped there?

3. What are the children doing?

4. What is troubling them?

State the difference between the plants close to the road and those far away from the road, based on the following points.

(a) Freshness of leaves.

(b) Colour of leaves.

(c) Appearance of plants.

From the observations above, you must have realized that there is constant traffic on busy roads. Due to the burning of fuel in the vehicles they constantly emit smoke and some poisonous gases. These gases mainly include carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Similarly, minute particles of carbon and lead are also released into the air. An excess of these substances lowers the quality of air in the environment. This is what we call air pollution.

Air pollution affects animals and plants in the following ways:

Trachea, lung and eye disorders, e.g. burning of the eyes.

The leaves of plants shrivel up and fall. Sprouts get scorched. The growth and development of plants is affected adversely.

Constant traffic through forest areas can harm the habitat of plants and animals living there. The wild animals in these forests begin to migrate elsewhere.

The constant sounds of vehicles create noise on a large scale. It causes ill effects such as restlessness, irritability, headaches, lack of concentration, psychological disorders, etc.

If there are traffic jams, air and noise pollution in that area increases.

Traffic accidents cause injuries, deaths and damage to the vehicles.

Teacher's Note

In India, many cities like Delhi and Mumbai have very bad air pollution. The leaves of plants near busy roads are always dusty and dark. This harms both plants and the people living nearby.

Exam Trick

Remember: Pollution from cars = eyes burn, plants die, animals run away, people get headaches. These four things help you remember the bad effects!

Points to Remember

Vehicles burn fuel and release poisonous gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide.
Air pollution makes our eyes burn and gives us lung problems.
Plants near busy roads have weak, dusty leaves that fall easily.
Noise from vehicles causes headaches, anger, and problems in studying.
Wild animals leave their homes and go to other places to escape pollution.

Can You Tell?

Have a class discussion on the harmful effects of transportation.

Which of the above options will you choose on the following occasions?

(a) Walking

(b) Riding a bicycle

(c) Using a private vehicle

(d) Using public transport

(1) Going to study at a friend's house who lives nearby.

(2) Going to your school which is about one kilometre away.

(3) Taking materials to a science exhibition in another town.

(4) Going to a wedding in the next town.

From this, we realise that we should cultivate habits such as walking short distances or riding a bicycle for slightly longer distances. In this way, we can avoid the use of fuel-burning vehicles and reduce pollution. At other times, using public or private transport can save time and effort. In this way, we can reduce the severity of the harmful effects of transportation. The following are some more remedies for reducing pollution.

(1) Using fuels that cause less pollution.

(2) Timely maintenance and repair of vehicles.

(3) Using public transport as far as possible.

(4) Using private vehicles only when necessary.

(5) Planting trees, especially indigenous or local varieties like banyan, peepul, neem, karanj, etc. and caring for them. These trees adapt easily to the local environment and help in enhancing biodiversity.

(6) Avoiding fuels that cause pollution; using fuels such as LPG or CNG for vehicles.

Teacher's Note

In India, many cities now use CNG buses instead of diesel buses. Delhi and other cities have seen less pollution because of this change. Trees like neem and banyan clean our air naturally.

Exam Trick

Remember: To reduce pollution, use 3 W's = Walk, use Wheels (bicycles), and take public transport. For cars, use CNG or LPG fuel!

Points to Remember

Walking and cycling are the best ways to reduce pollution for short distances.
Buses and trains should be used by many people instead of private cars.
CNG and LPG fuels cause less pollution than diesel and petrol.
Planting local trees like neem and banyan helps reduce pollution in our area.
Fixing and maintaining vehicles on time helps them cause less pollution.

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