Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Part 2 Chapter 4 Evolution Solutions

Std 5 EVS 2 Chapter 4 Question Answer

1. Fill in the blank.

 

Question a. The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by ..........................
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Willard Libby
(c) Louis Leakey
Answer: (a) Charles Darwin
In simple words: Charles Darwin is famous for providing the first clear and detailed explanation of how living things change over time, a process called evolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Charles Darwin's name when asked about the first systematic explanation of evolution, as he is a key figure in this scientific field.

 

Question b. .......... are the most evolved animals among vertebrates
(a) Aquatic animals
(b) Amphibians
(c) Mammals
Answer: (c) Mammals are the most evolved animals among vertebrates
In simple words: Mammals have developed the most complex features and adaptations over time, making them the most advanced group among vertebrates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that evolution leads to increasing complexity and adaptation, and mammals represent a peak in this evolutionary journey among vertebrates. Focus on key characteristics like warm-bloodedness and advanced brain development.

 

2. Answer The Question In One Sentence.

 

Question. What do we call animals which live in water and also on land?
Answer: Amphibians live in water and also on land. These unique creatures demonstrate remarkable adaptability to both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
In simple words: Animals that can live both in water and on land are called amphibians.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a definition, provide the scientific term and a brief, clear explanation of the characteristic features.

 

Question. Where did the first humans appear?
Answer: The first human appeared on the African continent. This region is often referred to as the cradle of humanity due to extensive fossil evidence.
In simple words: The first humans originated in Africa.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical or geographical questions, pinpoint the specific location or period accurately.

 

3. Give Reasons For The Following:

 

Question a. The species of dinosaurs, which were enormous in size, suddenly became extinct.
Answer: The species of dinosaurs, which were enormous in size, suddenly became extinct, because -
1. According to Darwin, the species that cannot adapt to environmental changes become extinct in the process of evolution. This principle highlights the importance of adaptability for survival.
In simple words: Dinosaurs died out because they couldn't adapt to the big changes in their environment, following Darwin's idea of natural selection.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining extinction, always link it to environmental changes and the inability of a species to adapt, often referencing evolutionary theories like Darwin's.

2. Some sudden natural disaster or environmental change is believed to be responsible for the extinction of enormous dinosaurs.

 

Question b. In the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created.
Answer: In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some species of animals. Over a period of time, these changes become inherited characteristics seen in all subsequent generations. Thus, in the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created. These adaptations are crucial for long-term survival.
In simple words: When animals adapt to their environment, they develop new traits that are passed down, eventually leading to new species.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining species creation, emphasize adaptation, inherited characteristics, and the gradual nature of change over generations.

 

Fill In The Blanks In The Concept Chart Given Below

 

Question 1. Fill in the blanks in the concept chart given below.
Answer: The completed concept chart is as follows:

• Evolution of animals
  • Living things
    • Animals without a backbone
      • Worms
      • Insects
      • Mosquito
    • Vertebrates
      • Amphibians
      • Aquatic (e.g., Fish)
      • Reptiles

This chart provides a basic overview of animal classification, distinguishing between those with and without backbones.
In simple words: The chart shows how animals are grouped: first by if they have a backbone, then into smaller categories like worms, insects, amphibians, and reptiles.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing concept maps, ensure the filled terms logically connect to the surrounding categories and maintain the overall hierarchical structure. Use common and appropriate biological classifications.

Answer:

Evolution of animals

• Living things
  • Invertebrates (Animals without a backbone)
    • Worms
    • Snail
    • Mosquito
    • Insects
  • Vertebrates (Animals with a backbone)
    • Aquatic
    • Reptiles
    • Birds
    • Amphibians

Activity

 

Question 1. Make a model of a dinosaur.
Answer: Students should use various materials like clay, cardboard, or recycled items to create a model of a dinosaur, focusing on its key features and proportions. This activity helps in understanding the physical characteristics of prehistoric animals.
In simple words: Build a dinosaur model using craft materials to learn about its shape and size.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to make a model, focus on accuracy of features and use appropriate materials to make it sturdy and visually appealing.

Project

 

Question 1. Collect pictures of invertebrates and vertebrates. Stick them in a notebook and write down their characteristics.
Answer: Students should collect pictures of various invertebrates (like worms, snails, insects, jellyfish) and vertebrates (like fish, frogs, birds, mammals). They should then stick these pictures in a notebook and for each, list distinguishing characteristics such as presence/absence of a backbone, body structure, habitat, and movement. This project helps in classifying animals based on their fundamental biological differences.
In simple words: Find pictures of animals with and without backbones, stick them, and write down what makes each type special.

🎯 Exam Tip: For classification projects, ensure you clearly label each animal and list at least 2-3 distinct characteristics for both invertebrates and vertebrates to show understanding.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 4 Evolution Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill In The Blanks:

 

Question 1. The word …………. generally means a gradual and continuous change.
Answer: The word evolution generally means a gradual and continuous change. This change happens over a very long period.
In simple words: Evolution means a slow, ongoing change over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'evolution' implies a slow, continuous process, not a sudden one. This is a key definition.

 

Question 2. In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal …………. changes occur in some animals of a species.
Answer: In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some animals of a species. These changes help them better suit their surroundings.
In simple words: Animals change inside their bodies to better live in their environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing adaptation, highlight that changes can be both internal (physiological) and external (morphological) to help survival.

 

Question 3. Sometimes during evolution, the original species becomes ………….
Answer: Sometimes during evolution, the original species becomes extinct. This happens when they cannot adapt to new conditions and new species emerge.
In simple words: Old types of animals can disappear if they don't change with their environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that extinction is a natural part of evolution, often making way for new, better-adapted species.

 

Question 4. During evolution, sometimes more than one species evolve from the …………. species.
Answer: During evolution, sometimes more than one species evolve from the original species. This process is called speciation, where one ancestral species gives rise to multiple new ones.
In simple words: One type of animal can change and split into many new types over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that evolution can lead to diversification, meaning many new species can come from a single common ancestor.

 

Question 5. The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by ………….
Answer: The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by Charles Darwin. His theory of natural selection is foundational to understanding how species change.
In simple words: Charles Darwin was the first to clearly explain how animals change over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Charles Darwin and his theory of natural selection are crucial to the study of evolution; always remember his name in this context.

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Match The Columns

 

Question 1. Match the columns:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Charles Darwin	a. a gradual and continuous change
2. Evolution	b. means 'terrible lizard'
3. Dinosaur	c. gradually evolved into plants and animals
4. Multicellular	d. explained the concept of evolution
5. Invertebrates	e. frogs
6. Aquatic	f. snake
7. Amphibians	g. cow
8. Reptiles	h. snails

Answer:
1. Charles Darwin - d. explained the concept of evolution
2. Evolution - a. a gradual and continuous change
3. Dinosaur - b. means 'terrible lizard'
4. Multicellular - g. cow
5. Invertebrates - h. snails
6. Aquatic - c. gradually evolved into plants and animals
7. Amphibians - e. frogs
8. Reptiles - f. snake. Understanding these connections helps build a strong foundation in biology.
In simple words: You need to connect each item from Column A with its correct definition or example from Column B.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'Match the columns' questions, first identify the most obvious pairs, then use elimination for the remaining options. Always double-check your matches.

 

Question. Match the following items from Column 'A' with their correct descriptions in Column 'B'.
Answer: The correct matches are presented in the table below, showing the corresponding items from Column 'A' and Column 'B'. This helps in understanding the relationships between different biological concepts and historical figures.
In simple words: This table shows the correct pairings between scientific terms and their meanings, helping you learn about different life forms and key scientific ideas.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
1. Charles Darwin	d. explained the concept of evolution
2. Evolution	a. a gradual and continuous change
3. Dinosaur	b. means 'terrible lizard'
4. Multicellular	c. gradually evolved into plants and animals
5. Invertebrates	e. frogs
6. Aquatic	i. fish
7. Amphibians	e. frogs
8. Reptiles	f. snake
9. Mammals	g. cow

🎯 Exam Tip: For match-the-column questions, ensure you understand each term in Column A and its corresponding definition or example in Column B. Pay attention to details to avoid common errors.

Answer Each Question In One Sentence:

 

Question 1. What does evolution mean?
Answer: Evolution means a gradual and continuous change. This process helps species adapt to their environment over long periods.
In simple words: Evolution is how living things slowly change and develop over a very long time.

🎯 Exam Tip: For direct questions, define the term clearly and concisely. Mentioning its nature (gradual, continuous) and purpose (adaptation) adds completeness.

 

Question 2. What changes occur in some species, during the process of survival?
Answer:
In simple words: During survival, species might develop new traits or behaviors that help them live better in their environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about changes during survival, think about adaptations like camouflage, new hunting methods, or resistance to disease.

 

Question 3. What happens to the internal changes over a period of time?
Answer: Over a period of time, these internal changes become inherited characteristics seen in all generations. This ensures that beneficial adaptations are passed on.
In simple words: Over time, these changes become a permanent part of the species, passed down from parents to children.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing evolution, remember to mention 'inherited characteristics' and 'generations' for full marks.

 

Question 4. When does an original species become extinct?
Answer: During evolution, a new species with characteristics different from the original may be created. Sometimes the original species becomes extinct, especially if it cannot compete or adapt.
In simple words: An original species can become extinct when new species evolve from it, or if it can't adapt to changes in its environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the idea of new species forming or the inability to adapt as reasons for extinction in evolutionary contexts.

 

Question 5. Name the scientist who explained the concept of evolution.
Answer: The first scientist to give us a systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was Charles Darwin. His work on natural selection revolutionized biology.
In simple words: Charles Darwin was the main scientist who first clearly explained how evolution works.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember Charles Darwin's name when asked about the explanation of evolution.

 

Question 6. Which species are able to survive?
Answer: Species which are capable of adapting to environmental changes are able to survive. This adaptability is crucial for long-term existence.
In simple words: Only species that can change and adjust to their surroundings will continue to live.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key concept for survival in evolution is 'adaptation to environmental changes'.

 

Question 7. Which species become extinct in the process of evolution?
Answer: The species that cannot adapt to environmental changes become extinct in the process of evolution. Their inability to change leads to their disappearance.
In simple words: Species that cannot adjust to new conditions in their environment will die out.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast survival with extinction by focusing on the ability or inability to adapt.

 

Question 8. What does dinosaur mean?
Answer:
In simple words: This question asks for the meaning of the word 'dinosaur'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For definition questions, provide a clear and concise meaning of the term.

 

Question 9. How did the dinosaurs suddenly become extinct?
Answer: Some sudden natural disaster or environmental change is believed to be responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs. This event drastically altered their environment, making survival impossible for many species.
In simple words: Dinosaurs likely died out because of a big natural disaster or a sudden change in their environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about extinction events, mentioning "natural disaster" or "environmental change" are key points.

 

Question 10. Why do we suppose that some species of dinosaurs have evolved into birds?
Answer: Fossils of dinosaurs with wings have been discovered. Hence, it is supposed that some species of two-legged and winged dinosaurs evolved into birds. These fossil discoveries provide strong evidence for the evolutionary link.
In simple words: We think some dinosaurs became birds because we found fossils of dinosaurs that had wings, showing a clear connection.

🎯 Exam Tip: In evolution questions, always refer to "fossils" or "evidence" as the basis for scientific theories.

 

Question 11. How did plants and animals come into being?
Answer: Unicellular organisms gave rise to multicellular organisms which in turn gradually evolved into various classes of plants and animals. This complex process took billions of years.
In simple words: Life started with tiny single-celled organisms, which slowly changed over time into more complex multi-celled plants and animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the sequence: unicellular to multicellular, then diversification into plants and animals, highlighting the gradual nature of evolution.

 

Question 12. What are invertebrates?
Answer: Animals without a backbone are called 'invertebrates'. For example: a snail. They represent a vast and diverse group of animals.
In simple words: Invertebrates are animals that do not have a spine or backbone, like insects or worms.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining biological terms, always provide a clear definition and at least one relevant example.

 

Question 13. What are vertebrates?
Answer: Animals which have a backbone are called vertebrates. For example: A cow. This group includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
In simple words: Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, such as mammals, birds, and fish.

🎯 Exam Tip: For definitions, always include the key characteristic (having a backbone) and a common example.

 

Question 14. What do we call animals which live in water and also on land?
Answer: Animals which live in water and also on land are called 'Amphibians'. For example: Frog. These creatures have adapted to survive in both environments.
In simple words: Animals that can live both in water and on land are called amphibians, like frogs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key characteristic of amphibians: their dual habitat. Providing an example like 'Frog' is crucial for full marks.

 

Question 15. What are Aquatic animals?
Answer: Living organisms that live only in water are called 'Aquatic animals'. For example Fish. They possess specialized features for underwater life.
In simple words: Aquatic animals are creatures that live only in water, such as fish.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state that aquatic animals live *only* in water and give a common example like 'Fish'.

 

Question 16. What are Reptiles?
Answer: Animals which crawl are called Reptiles. For example: Snake. Many reptiles are cold-blooded and lay eggs.
In simple words: Reptiles are animals that move by crawling, like snakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: The defining characteristic of reptiles is their crawling movement. Always include a relevant example.

 

Question 17. Which species are the most evolved animals among vertebrates?
Answer: Mammals are the most evolved animals among vertebrates. They exhibit complex behaviors and advanced physiological systems.
In simple words: Among animals with backbones, mammals are considered the most developed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing evolution, 'mammals' is the key term for the most evolved vertebrates. Focus on this specific group.

 

Question 18. Where do apes mostly live?
Answer: Apes mostly lived on trees. Their arboreal lifestyle helped them find food and avoid predators.
In simple words: Apes primarily lived in trees.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about animal habitats, a direct and concise answer stating their primary living environment is best.

 

Question 19. How did the Human species evolve?
Answer: Some ape species found in grasslands were forced to move around on ground. These species evolved gradually and in time gave rise to human species. This shift to ground dwelling led to significant evolutionary changes.
In simple words: Human species evolved from apes who started living on the ground in grasslands, gradually changing over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the transition from trees to grasslands and the gradual evolution as key points in human species development.

 

Question 20. What is the first human species called?
Answer:
In simple words: The first human species is a foundational concept in understanding human origins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the name of the first human species is a fundamental fact in the study of human evolution.

 

Question 21. What does primitive mean?
Answer: 'Primitive' means 'the first'. It refers to something that is in its earliest or original stage.
In simple words: 'Primitive' simply means 'the first' or original version of something.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for the meaning of a word, provide a concise and direct definition. Contextual understanding is key.

 

Question 22. Who are Apes?
Answer: Apes are somewhat like humans in appearance. They are a group of primates that include gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons, known for their intelligence and lack of tails.
In simple words: Apes are animals that look a bit like humans and are known for being smart.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a group of animals, mention their key characteristics and perhaps a few examples if relevant.

Give Reasons For The Following :

 

Question 1. In the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created.
Answer:
1. In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain physical changes occur in some animals of a species.
2. These internal changes become inherited characteristics in the following generations.
3. Thus a new species with characteristics different from the original is created. This process is a fundamental aspect of evolution.
In simple words: Animals change over time to survive in new environments. These changes are passed down, eventually leading to new types of animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the creation of new species, focus on adaptation, inherited characteristics, and the gradual nature of change.

 

Question 2. A frog is an amphibian.
Answer:
1. Animals which are able to live in water and also on land are called amphibiAnswer:
2. Therefore a frog is considered an amphibian. Frogs are a classic example of animals that can thrive in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
In simple words: Frogs are amphibians because they can live both in water and on land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the term (amphibian) first, then clearly state how the example (frog) fits that definition.

 

Question 3. The platypus and some species of anteaters are considered mammals.
Answer:1. Platypus and some species of anteaters are exceptions to the characteristics of mammals. 2. Though they lay eggs, they suckle their young ones. 3. Therefore, they are considered mammals.
In simple words: Platypuses and some anteaters are unique mammals because they lay eggs, but they still feed their young with milk, which is a key mammal trait.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that biological classifications often have exceptions; focus on the defining characteristics and how exceptions still fit the broader category.

Answer The Following Questions In Brief :

 

Question 1. Explain the concept Evolution as stated by Charles Darwin.
Answer:1. Charles Darwin explained 'evolution' in the following manner. In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some animals of a species. 2. Over a period of time, these internal changes become inherited characteristics of the following generation. 3. Thus a new evolved species with characteristics different from the original is created. 4. Sometimes the original species become extinct. 5. Sometimes more than one species evolve from the original one.
In simple words: Charles Darwin's evolution theory explains how species change over time by adapting to their environment, passing on useful traits, and sometimes leading to new species or the extinction of old ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining Darwin's theory, ensure you mention adaptation, inheritance of traits, and the formation of new species as key components.

 

Question 2. Give the characteristics of mammals.
Answer: The characteristics of most of the mammals are as follows: 1. Growth of the baby in the mother's womb, sometime before birth. 2. The baby is fed on the mother's milk for sometime after birth.
In simple words: Mammals typically have their babies grow inside the mother before birth and then feed them milk after they are born.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing characteristics, be precise and include the most distinguishing features that differentiate the group from others.

 

Question 3. How and where did the human species evolve?
Answer:1. Apes are somewhat like humans in appearance. 2. They mostly lived on trees. Those species of apes which continued to live on trees retained their original ape like form. 3. Some ape species found in grasslands were forced to move on the ground. 4. These species evolved gradually, giving rise to the human species. 5. This happened first on the 'African continent'. The journey of human evolution began in Africa.
In simple words: Humans evolved from ape-like ancestors who started living on the ground, mainly in Africa, gradually changing over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing evolution, remember to mention the starting point (apes), the environmental change (grasslands), the adaptation (moving to ground), and the location (African continent) for a complete answer.

 

Question 4. How did various classes of plants and animals come into being?
Answer:1. Life on earth began with unicellular organisms known as protozoa. 2. These unicellular organisms gave rise to multicellular living things. 3. Multicellular organisms evolved gradually and thus various classes of plants and animals came into being. This slow and steady process led to the incredible diversity of life we see today.
In simple words: Life started as tiny single-celled organisms, which then developed into many-celled organisms, eventually leading to all the different types of plants and animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the sequence: unicellular organisms -> multicellular organisms -> various classes of plants and animals. This shows a clear understanding of the evolutionary progression.

 

Question 5. How did birds form from dinosaurs?
Answer:1. Dinosaurs became extinct because of some sudden natural disaster or environmental change. 2. Fossils of dinosaurs with wings have been discovered. 3. It is thus believed that some species of two legged and winged dinosaurs evolved into birds. This fascinating transformation highlights the adaptability of life forms.
In simple words: After dinosaurs died out, some winged, two-legged dinosaurs are thought to have slowly changed into the birds we know today, based on fossil evidence.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the evolution of birds from dinosaurs, mention the extinction event, the fossil evidence (winged dinosaurs), and the specific type of dinosaur (two-legged and winged) that likely evolved.

 

Question 6. How many and which are the stages of evolution of animals?
Answer: There are two stages of evolution of animals. They are: The question asks for the stages, but the provided text only states "They are:" and then cuts off. Assuming the intent was to list the two stages, and based on common biological understanding, these would typically be: 1. Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) 2. Vertebrates (animals with a backbone) This fundamental division marks a significant evolutionary leap.
In simple words: Animal evolution generally has two main stages: animals without backbones (invertebrates) and animals with backbones (vertebrates).

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about stages of evolution, clearly state the number of stages and then name each one, providing a brief characteristic if possible, like the presence or absence of a backbone for animals.

1. Invertebrates: These are animals without a backbone.
2. Vertebrates: Animals which have a backbone are vertebrates. Aquatic animals, amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals are all vertebrates.

Glossary

1. gradual : taking place in stages over an extended period.
2. adapt : become adjusted to new conditions.
3. extinction: the process on state of becoming extinct.
4. species: group of living organisms
5. survival: the state or fact of surviving
6. inherited: receive or be left with something from predecessor

Class 5 Environmental Studies Questions And Answers