Maharashtra Board Class 4 EVS Chapter 22 Transport and Communication PDF Download

Transport And Communication

Can You Tell?

Study the pictures shown above. Among them, find the means of transport you have used or seen and put a tick in the box next to its picture.

Find the means of transport used to travel high above or away from Earth. Draw a circle in the box next to it.

Have you seen the remaining means of transport anywhere before? In which period of time do you think they were used? Discuss it with your friends and teachers.

From the activity above, you can see that we used different means and modes of transport at different times in history. The means of transport we use nowadays are faster and safer than the older ones.

Teacher's Note

Transport has changed a lot over time. Long ago, people walked or used animals like horses. Today, we have buses, trains, and planes. This is like how your grandmother walked to school but you go by school bus.

Exam Trick

Remember three types of transport: land (bus, train, car), water (boat, ship), and air (plane, helicopter). Most exam questions ask you to sort transport by these three types.

Points To Remember

Different transport means are used at different times in history.
Old transport was slower than modern transport.
Transport can be by land, water, or air.
We use transport to travel and carry goods.

Do You Know?

Man used to see logs of wood and round boulders rolling down mountain slopes. It is thought that these observations gave him the idea of the wheel.

In olden days, planks of wood were used to transport objects. Later, by attaching wheels to these planks, the speed of transport increased. Time and effort were saved. The invention of the wheel is an important step in the progress of mankind.

Even if ultra-modern means of transport have been invented in modern times, in some parts of the world, men and animals are still used for the purpose of transport. For example, yaks are used in inaccessible parts, camels in the desert and palanquins or dolis in mountainous areas.

Can You Tell?

Study the pictures.

1. For what purposes do we use each of the above means of transport?

2. Which of these three was the first to be used by man?

3. Which part is common to all the three?

Teacher's Note

The wheel is the most important invention in transport. In India, bullock carts still use wooden wheels, just like our ancestors did thousands of years ago.

Exam Trick

The wheel is common in all land transport. Train wheels, car wheels, and bicycle wheels are all the same idea - the wheel helps us move forward faster and easier.

Points To Remember

The wheel was invented by observing rolling logs and rocks.
Wheels attached to planks made transport faster.
The wheel invention was very important for human progress.
Some places still use animals for transport instead of modern vehicles.
Wheels are used in almost all land transport.

Water and wind are substances that flow. Pipes are used to transport these substances. Water has been transported through pipes or canals since ancient times. It is safer to transport combustible substances such as mineral oil and natural gas through pipes. Crude oil is transported from the oil well to the refinery through pipelines. Similarly, after refining, it is transported through pipelines to the marketplace, in some parts.

Try This

Manjeet and Salim have to bring water from a mountain. However, since the weight of the water is too much for them, they cannot carry it down themselves. Which of the following options should they use?

(1) A horse (2) A pipeline (3) A palanquin

Can You Tell?

Various means and methods of communication are shown above.

(1) Which of the means of communication that we use at home are shown in the pictures? Put a tick next to them.

(2) Which of the other means of communication have you seen before? Put a tick next to them.

(3) Find out about the remaining means of communication from your teacher.

Obtaining or sending various types of information is called communication.

A few centuries ago, messages were sent by tying a letter to the foot of a pigeon. Messages were also sent through runners. In later times, telegrams and the postal service came into use. All these methods were very slow as compared to modern methods.

Teacher's Note

Communication has become very fast now. In India, letters used to take weeks to reach. Today, messages reach in seconds through mobile phones and internet.

Exam Trick

Remember: Old communication = pigeon, runner, letter, telegram. New communication = telephone, mobile, internet. Always think about speed - new is always faster.

Points To Remember

Communication means sending and getting information.
Old communication methods were very slow like pigeon post.
Modern communication is very fast like mobile phones and internet.
Telephone and television are also means of communication.
Postal service and telegrams were used before phones were invented.

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