Maharashtra Board Class 12 Information Technology Chapter 4 Emerging Technologies PDF Download

Emerging Technologies

Let Us Learn

Different Emerging Technologies.

Basics of Internet Of Things (IoT).

Basics of cloud computing.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Introduction to 5G.

4.1 IoT (Internet Of Things)

The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity. Which enables these things to connect, collect and exchange data, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, resulting in efficiency improvements, economic benefits. This reduces human efforts.

IoT involves extending Internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such as desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday objects. Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and interact over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.

Advantages

Efficient resource utilization: If we know the functionality and the way that how each device works, we definitely increase the efficient resource utilization as well as monitor natural resources.

Minimize human effort: As the devices of IoT interact and communicate with each other and do lot of task for us, then they minimize the human effort.

Time saving: As it reduces the human effort then it definitely saves out time. Time is the primary factors in automation which can save through IoT platform.

Enhance Data Collection: IoT devices can collect data from environment like weather, sound, pollution etc. This data then can be used to take decisions.

Improve, security: IoT based security systems can make home or office environment secure.

Disadvantages

Privacy: Even without the active participation on the user, the IoT system provides substantial personal data in maximum detail.

Complexity: The designing, developing, maintaining and enabling the large technology to IoT system is quite complicated.

Teacher's Note

IoT helps us in daily life. For example, smart thermostats in our homes adjust temperature automatically without asking us.

Exam Trick

Remember: IoT = Internet Of Things. Like Aadhaar card has many details, IoT devices also collect many details from us. But we must know its privacy problem.

Points to Remember

IoT connects physical devices with sensors and software.
IoT devices can talk to each other and work automatically.
Smart homes, smart traffic, and smart cameras use IoT.
IoT saves time and reduces human effort.
Privacy is a big problem with IoT because devices collect our personal data.

Applications Of IoT

Smart lighting - Illumination of light is controlled on the basis of day light.

Smart thermostats - Allows users to schedule, monitor and remotely control home temperatures.

Smart locks and garage-door openers - Password based or facial recognition based doors and locks.

Smart security cameras – Security cameras that can identify known and unknown person and raise alarm, in case of security threat.

Smart traffic signals – Signal that can adjust their timing to accommodate commutes and holiday traffic and keep cars moving.

4.2 Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a model for enabling, convenient on-demand network access to a shared pool of computing resources like network, servers, storage, applications and services released with service provider interaction.

Models Of Cloud Computing

There are three primary service models of cloud computing that are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)

IaaS gives users access to storage, networking, servers and other computing resources via the cloud. While the user is still responsible for managing their applications, data, middleware, etc. IaaS provides automated and scalable environments that provide a high degree of control and flexibility for the user.

Key Features

Instead of purchasing hardware outright, users pay for IaaS on demand.

Infrastructure is scalable depending on processing and storage needs.

Enterprises saves the costs of buying and maintaining their own hardware.

Examples: Amazon web services (AWS) ec2, Microsoft Azure VM, Google Compute Engine (GCE)

Teacher's Note

Cloud computing is like renting a house instead of buying it. In India, many companies use AWS to store their data safely instead of buying expensive servers.

Exam Trick

Remember the three cloud models: IaaS = Infrastructure (hardware), PaaS = Platform (tools to build), SaaS = Software (ready applications). Think: IaaS is the building, PaaS is the workshop, SaaS is the finished product.

Points to Remember

Cloud computing lets us access data and programs from anywhere on the internet.
IaaS gives us servers and storage to rent.
PaaS gives us tools to build and test applications.
SaaS gives us ready-made software applications.
Cloud computing saves money because we pay only for what we use.

Platform As A Service (PaaS)

A service provider offers access to a cloud-based environment in which users can develop, manage and deliver applications. In addition to storage and other computing resources, users are able to use a suite of prebuilt tools to develop, customize and test their own applications.

Key Features

PaaS provides a platform with tools to test, develop and host applications in the same environment.

Enables organizations to focus on development without having a worry about underlying infrastructure.

Providers manage security, operating systems, server software and backups.

Facilitates collaborative work even if teams work remotely.

Do it yourself: Find example of PaaS

Software As A Service (SaaS)

A service provider delivers software and applications through the internet. Users do not install applications on their local devices. Instead, the applications reside on a remote cloud network accessed through the web or an API.

Key Features

SaaS vendors provide users with software and applications via a subscription model.

Users do not have to manage, install or upgrade software; SaaS providers manage this.

Data is secure in the cloud; equipment failure does not result in loss of data.

Use of resources can be scaled depending on service needs.

Applications are accessible from almost any internet-connected device, from virtually anywhere in the world.

Examples: Google's G suite, GitHub, SAP, Slack, Dropbox.

Types Of Cloud Computing

There are three basic types of deployment of cloud computing that are Public, Private and Hybrid.

Public Cloud

In public cloud, all the services and supporting infrastructure are managed off-site over the internet and shared across multiple users. Public cloud are more efficient and inexpensive than private and hybrid cloud solutions.

Examples: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform.

Private Cloud

As the name suggests private cloud provides I.T services through the internet or a private network to selected users rather than to general public. All the data is protected behind the firewall. Private cloud solutions are preferred for enhanced security and privacy by the users.

Hybrid Cloud

Hybrid cloud environments combines both Public and Private cloud elements. The clouds in a Hybrid environment communicate over an encrypted connection and allow for the portability of data and applications. Hybrid cloud allows greater flexibility as compared to that of public and private cloud solutions.

Teacher's Note

Public cloud is like a public library where many people use the same books. Private cloud is like having your own personal library at home. Hybrid uses both.

Exam Trick

Public cloud = everyone can use (cheap but less secure). Private cloud = only you can use (expensive but very secure). Hybrid = best of both worlds.

Points to Remember

Public cloud is cheap and used by many people together.
Private cloud is expensive but gives more security and privacy.
Hybrid cloud mixes both public and private clouds.
Cloud data is stored on internet servers, not on your computer.
We can access cloud services from anywhere in the world.

Benefits Of Cloud Computing

Cost saving: Cloud computing solutions are inexpensive than the actual overall Infrastructure set up for the I.T services.

Reliable: Cloud computing solutions are more reliable than In-house I.T infrastructure.

Mobility: Cloud computing solutions are more portable because user can access data anytime, anywhere as required.

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