Maharashtra Board Class 12 English Section 1 Prose Chapter 1.4 Big Data Big Insights Solutions

Class 12 English Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Question Answer Maharashtra Board

12th Std English Chapter 1.4 Brainstorming Question Answer

Yuvakbharati English Navneet 12th Digest PDF Free Download Maharashtra Board

Question 1.Give business suggestions to the respective industry/company for the following situations. You have received data that -
Answer:
(a) Many passengers prefer morning flights between 7 am and 9 am from Mumbai to Delhi.
Suggestion: Increase the number of flights between 7 am and 9 am.
(b) Many students are opting for UPSC/MPSC Exams.
Suggestion: Increase the number of examination centres as well as job opportunities.
(c) Many people go for a morning walk to Kamla Nehru Park.
Suggestion: Open the gates of the Park earlier and close them only at noon. Also, clean the Park the previous night before closing or very early in the morning. Keep security guards in the mornings to maintain discipline.
(d) Many people buy clothes from miracle.com an online shopping site.
Suggestion: Increase the variety and brands in clothes. Give discounts and incentives to new and regular customers. Start various schemes.
(e) The viewership on television is more between 8 pm and 10 pm.
Suggestion: Telecast serials with the highest TRPs and socially important ads (like eye donation, polio drops, etc.) at this time.
In simple words: This question asks for practical business suggestions based on observed data, showing how data insights can lead to strategic decisions across different sectors like travel, education, public services, retail, and media.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing suggestions, ensure they are directly linked to the data presented and offer a clear, actionable solution for the respective industry.

Question 2.People get information from various sources: Can you name a few?
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र सूचना के स्रोतों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें एक केंद्रीय बॉक्स 'सूचना के स्रोत' है, जिससे कई शाखाएँ निकल रही हैं, जिनमें से एक 'फेसबुक' है। यह दृश्य रूप से दिखाता है कि हमें जानकारी कहाँ-कहाँ से प्राप्त होती है।
Sources of Information:
1. Facebook
2. Internet
3. WhatsApp
4. Dictionary
5. Encyclopedia
In simple words: Information comes from many places, like social media platforms, online search engines, messaging apps, and traditional reference tools, helping us learn about different topics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing a diverse range of sources demonstrates a broader understanding of how information is gathered in today's digital age. Focus on popular and accessible sources.

(A1)

Question 1.YouTube has many videos on various things. Listen to the uses and health benefits of 'Lemon' and share them with your friends.
Answer:
(This question is experiential and requires listening to external content. A direct answer cannot be provided from the text.)
In simple words: This activity encourages students to research a topic using YouTube and then share their findings, promoting active learning and communication skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: While this question is activity-based, similar questions in exams might require you to recall general knowledge about common items or simple research findings. Always be prepared to summarize key points.

(A2)

Question (i)Make pointwise notes from the lesson regarding the uses of Big Data in the following application. Do not write complete sentences.
Question (a)
'Location Tracking'.
Answer:
1. Used by Google Maps and GPS to identify and track location of a place.
2. Geographic positioning, radio frequency identification sensors data about traffic conditions on particular route.
3. Can plan route according to travel time, transportation of the goods.
4. Companies reduce risks in transport improves speed, reliability in delivery.
In simple words: Big Data in location tracking uses GPS and sensor data to find places, monitor traffic, plan routes efficiently, and improve delivery services, making transportation faster and safer.

🎯 Exam Tip: For pointwise notes, use concise phrases. Highlight key terms and direct applications of Big Data to demonstrate understanding of the concept's practical uses.

Question (b)Health Care Industry.
Answer:
Uses of Big Data:
Various apps, smartwatches, gadgets, etc. collect data about various functions of our body.
1. Data analyzed and feedback provided.
2. Doctors can have a better diagnosis of any ailment effects of any drug.
3. Past data of patients maintained suggestions, solutions for their problems given.
4. Helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics, diseases.
In simple words: In healthcare, Big Data from smart devices helps analyze body functions, aids doctors in accurate diagnosis, manages patient history for better treatment, and tracks disease outbreaks to prevent their spread.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing industry applications, focus on the specific benefits and innovations that Big Data brings, such as improved diagnosis or outbreak monitoring in healthcare.

Question (c)Education Industry.
Answer:
1. Get information about the study patterns of students - can now prepare customized and dynamic learning programmes according to need of individual students.
2. Every student's comprehension level is different - course material designed to cater to different requirements of the students. One-size-fits-all pitfall avoided.
3. Students' choices, difficulties, results, etc. are available.
4. Strengths and weaknesses gauged -guidance while choosing career.
In simple words: Big Data in education helps create personalized learning plans based on individual student needs, comprehension levels, and performance, moving away from a uniform teaching approach and offering tailored career guidance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how Big Data allows for customization and addresses individual differences, which are crucial aspects of modern educational approaches.

Question (ii)When you are asked for personal details on social media, mention precautions that you will take.
Answer:When I am asked for personal details on social media, I first try to find out who wants them and why. I never reveal credit- debit card pin numbers, even if it is a bank asking me. I never give my mobile/adhaar card numbers either. I also keep my social media accounts private and visible only to friends. Only after checking and re-checking do I give any details, for I know that there are many cases of exploitation going on.
In simple words: When asked for personal details online, I prioritize verifying the requestor and purpose, avoid sharing sensitive financial or identity information, keep social media profiles private, and only provide data after careful consideration due to online exploitation risks.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your awareness of digital safety. Provide specific examples of information you would protect and actions you would take to ensure privacy.

Question (iii)Do you think all the data we receive is used for positive things? If 'No', make a list of the negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data.
Answer:Negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data:
1. Loss of privacy-Big Data has all information about us.
2. Misuse of personal information
3. Leaking of information-this leads to thefts, blackmail, cheating, and so on.
4. Data may fall into wrong hands, and a person may be harassed.
5. Unsolicited calls and emails based on your internet history.
In simple words: No, Big Data isn't always used positively; it can lead to privacy loss, personal information misuse, data leaks causing theft or harassment, and unwanted communications based on online activity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present a balanced view by acknowledging the potential negative consequences of powerful technologies like Big Data. Use clear and distinct points for your list.

(A3)

Question 1.Guess the meaning of the following idioms and phrases and use them in sentences of your own. One is done for you.
One-size-fits-all - suitable for or used in all circumstances
The wrist watches have adjustable belts, so one size - fits - all.
Question (a)
'Once in a blue moon':
Answer:
Meaning: very rarely.
Sentence: Our English teacher is very strict and smiles only once in a blue moon.
In simple words: "Once in a blue moon" means something happens extremely infrequently or almost never.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining idioms, provide a concise meaning first, then construct a clear sentence that naturally incorporates the idiom to show its usage.

Question (b)'One man army' :
Answer:
Meaning: A 'one-man army' is someone who can do, or thinks he can do, everything by himself and without assistance.
(No sentence provided in the source text, so I will omit the sentence part.)
In simple words: A "one-man army" describes an individual who is highly capable and self-sufficient, able to accomplish tasks typically requiring a team, often without external help.

🎯 Exam Tip: For idioms, understanding the core concept is key. If a sentence isn't provided or explicitly asked for in a similar context, focusing on the meaning is sufficient.

(A4)

Do As Directed.

Question (a)Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data.
1. Begin the sentence with 'Very few ...............'
2. Use 'bigger than' and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. Very few players in Big data are as big as advertisers.
2. Very few players in Big Data are bigger than advertisers.
In simple words: This exercise demonstrates how to rephrase sentences to express comparative and superlative ideas using different grammatical structures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to comparative and superlative adjectives (e.g., 'as big as', 'bigger than') and how they change sentence structure, especially when starting with 'Very few'.

Question (b)No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.
1. Use 'best' and rewrite the sentence.
2. Use 'better than' and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. The diagnosis done with the help of Big data is the best diagnosis.
2. No other diagnosis is better than the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.
In simple words: This task focuses on transforming a sentence from a comparative structure to a superlative one and then back to a different comparative structure, all while maintaining the original meaning about Big Data's diagnostic quality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mastering the conversion between degrees of comparison (positive, comparative, superlative) is essential for grammar. Ensure accuracy in adjective form and sentence construction.

Question (c)These internet giants provide the greatest data about people.
1. Begin the sentence with 'No other ...............'
2. Use 'greater than' and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants.
2. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants. OR These internet giants provide greater data about people than any other networking services.
In simple words: This exercise shows how to rewrite a sentence to compare the amount of data provided by internet giants using "no other" and "greater than" constructions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice different ways to express comparisons without changing the core meaning. The use of "No other" or "any other" is key to accurate transformations.

Question (ii)Read the sentence from the text.
New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans.
Answer:New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.
In simple words: This question implicitly asks to rephrase the sentence, suggesting that new insights allow either banks or finance companies, or both, to develop appropriate strategies.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to 'rewrite', look for implied instructions like changing to a specific conjunction or structure, even if not explicitly stated. Focus on maintaining logical flow.

Question (a)New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans. (Rewrite using 'either ... or'.)
Answer:New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.
In simple words: This rewrite clarifies that new information has allowed both banks and finance companies, individually or jointly, to develop appropriate strategies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Using "either...or" correctly indicates a choice or a possibility between two or more options. Ensure the grammatical structure remains parallel.

Question (b)Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using 'either ... or'.)
Answer:Whatever activity we do online is either recorded, monitored or analysed.
In simple words: This sentence demonstrates how to use "either...or" to show that online activities undergo at least one of these processes: recording, monitoring, or analysis.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "either...or" rewrites, identify the actions or states that are being presented as alternatives or a sequence of possibilities for the subject.

Question (c)Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting. (Rewrite using 'either ... or'.)
Answer:Weather sensors and satellites help us to either understand the weather or help in weather forecasting.
In simple words: This rewrite illustrates that weather sensors and satellites serve one of two main purposes: helping us comprehend current weather conditions or aiding in predicting future weather.

🎯 Exam Tip: When incorporating "either...or," place it just before the elements it connects to ensure clarity and proper grammatical construction.

(A5)

Question (i)Interview the students of your class regarding the career they would like to pursue and the reason for selecting that particular career. Collect the data and analyse the information you have collected.
Answer:(Sample questions)
Hi, Rohan. I would like to ask you a few questions regarding the career you would like to pursue and the reason for selecting that particular career. Are you ready?
Thanks.
1. Which are your favourite subjects?
2. Have you decided on the career you would like to pursue?
3. Why have you selected that particular career?
4. What are the exams you have to pass or the qualifications you must have to pursue this career?
In simple words: This question involves a classroom activity where students interview peers about their career aspirations and the reasons behind them, helping to gather and understand diverse career paths.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to provide sample interview questions, ensure they are open-ended, relevant to the topic, and designed to elicit detailed information for analysis.

5. What type of work does it involve?
6. What are the job opportunities?
7. Will you have chances of business travel?
8. Is the salary structure good?
9. Is your family happy with your choice?
10. Is this your final choice, or are you still in the process of deciding?
Thanks, Rohan. I have learnt a lot from this interview today. Bye.
In simple words: The provided questions serve as a framework for an interview about career choices, covering aspects like job nature, opportunities, compensation, family approval, and decision certainty.

🎯 Exam Tip: In an interview context, always include questions that cover both factual information (e.g., qualifications, job type) and personal aspects (e.g., family happiness, final choice) for a comprehensive understanding.

Question (ii)To listen well is as powerful a means of influence as to talk well and is essential to all true conversations.
Form a group and have a group discussion on the topics:
(a) Social Media - Curse or Boon (If used carefully and judiciously, a boon if misused, or people become addicts, then a curse)
(b) Women Empowerment and Equality (very important today-gender equality a must-the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world-however, women must not take advantage of this change-must be judicious in the use of the powers given)
(c) Climate Change (one of the biggest problems of today-must be taken very seriously-must change lifestyles-reduce consumption- recycle-carbon footprint)
Answer:
(This question is an activity-based question for a group discussion, requiring active participation rather than a written answer.)
In simple words: This task requires students to engage in a group discussion on significant social and environmental issues, exploring multiple perspectives and developing critical thinking and communication skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: For group discussions, remember to prepare points for both sides of a debate, use polite language, listen actively to others, and contribute thoughtfully to show comprehensive understanding of the topic.

(A6)

Question 1.Find out job opportunities in the following areas and the skills required for them.
(a) Clinical Data Management
(b) Network Operations
(c) Data Processing
(d) Data Operations and Research
(e) Data Entry Operation
Answer:
(This question requires external research for job opportunities and skills, and no answer content is provided in the source text.)
In simple words: This question prompts research into various data-related fields, such as clinical data, network operations, and data processing, to understand available job roles and the specific skills needed for each.

🎯 Exam Tip: When exploring career fields, focus on identifying key roles, the primary responsibilities, and the essential technical and soft skills (e.g., analytical thinking, attention to detail) required for success.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Additional Important Questions and Answers

Global Understanding:

Question 1.Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो दिखाता है कि 'बिग डेटा' ने हमारे जीवन के विभिन्न पहलुओं को कैसे प्रभावित किया है। इसमें 'हमारे खाने की आदतें', 'स्वास्थ्य सेवा', 'हमारे वैज्ञानिक प्रयास', और 'हमारी यात्रा की आदतें' शामिल हैं, जो दर्शाते हैं कि बिग डेटा का प्रभाव कितना व्यापक है।
our food habits
health care
our scientific pursuits
our travelling habits
In simple words: Big Data has significantly impacted various aspects of our lives, including our eating habits, healthcare, scientific research, and how we travel.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to complete a web diagram, identify the central theme and list the directly related components. Ensure your points are concise and clearly demonstrate the connections.

Question 2.Complete the following:
Answer:
1. Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible.
2. Big Data is so massive that it challenges the current computing technologies.
3. It's not the amount of data that is important but what the [organizations do with the data is what matters.
4. Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information.
In simple words: Big Data analytics reveals hidden insights, poses challenges to existing technology due to its scale, emphasizes the *use* of data over its mere quantity, and is a complex process of examining vast datasets.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'complete the following' questions, ensure your answers are direct and reflect the core definitions or characteristics of the subject, such as the nature and purpose of Big Data.

Question 3.Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(No diagram or specific answer content provided in the source text for this question.)
In simple words: This question instructs to complete a web diagram, implying that multiple interconnected elements related to a central topic should be identified and listed.

🎯 Exam Tip: In exams, if a web diagram is incomplete, you should fill in the missing branches with relevant points that logically extend from the central theme, using information from your studies.

Question 4.Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो दर्शाता है कि 'हेल्थ ऐप्स' हमें किन कार्यों में मदद करते हैं। इसमें 'हमारी हृदय गति का पता लगाना', 'हमारी नींद के पैटर्न की निगरानी करना', 'हमारे व्यायाम का रिकॉर्ड रखना', और 'हमारी चली गई दूरी को मापना' शामिल है, जो स्वास्थ्य ऐप्स के प्रमुख उपयोगों को उजागर करता है।
detect our heart rate
monitor our sleep pattern
keep a record of our exercise
measure the distance we have walked
In simple words: Health apps assist us in monitoring vital signs like heart rate, tracking sleep quality, recording exercise activities, and measuring physical distances covered, thus supporting overall health management.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the functions of a tool or technology, list its primary features and benefits concisely. For health apps, focus on measurable health indicators and activity tracking.

Question 5.Write whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. Today, the majority of equity trading takes place via data algorithms.
2. Big Data analytics cannot help in studying the investment patterns of people.
3. Big Data is useful in High-Frequency Trading.
4. Big Data cannot predict possible spikes on servers.
Answer:
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Agree
4. Disagree
In simple words: This question tests understanding of Big Data's role in finance and technology, confirming its widespread use in algorithmic trading and its ability to analyze investment patterns and predict system anomalies.

🎯 Exam Tip: For agree/disagree questions, it's crucial to have a clear understanding of the subject matter. Each statement typically refers to a core application or limitation of the topic, in this case, Big Data.

Question 6.Describe the ways used to create a huge database in sports.
Answer:A huge data has been created over a period of time from the recording of matches, training sessions and workouts.
In simple words: Large sports databases are built by collecting data from matches, training sessions, and individual athlete workouts over time, capturing detailed performance metrics.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing data creation, specify the sources (matches, training) and the type of information gathered (performance metrics) to provide a comprehensive answer.

Question 7.The database collected can help a sportsperson. Explain how.
Answer:The data enables a sportsperson to study his own performance as well as that of the other players worldwide. It also helps in improving individual as well as team performance.
In simple words: Sports data helps athletes analyze their own performance and compare it with others globally, leading to improvements in both individual skills and overall team strategies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the actionable insights derived from the data. For sportspersons, these include self-analysis, competitive benchmarking, and performance enhancement at both personal and team levels.

Question 8.State the use of video analytics.
Answer:Video analytics help one to see each and every performance minutely.
In simple words: Video analytics allows for detailed, frame-by-frame examination of performances, providing granular insights that would be missed by casual observation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the answer concise. The key function of video analytics is detailed observation and analysis of specific actions or events.

Question 9.Name the Internet Giants mentioned in the extract.
Answer:Facebook, Google, Twitter.
In simple words: The Internet Giants mentioned are Facebook, Google, and Twitter, all major platforms that generate and utilize vast amounts of data.

🎯 Exam Tip: For specific recall questions, ensure you list only the names explicitly mentioned in the provided text or context.

Question 10.Pick out the False sentences, if any, and correct them:
1. Every student's level of understanding is the same.
2.Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry.
3. Designing the course material to cater to different requirements of the students is a good idea.
4. Big Data has provided a solution to the 'one-size-fits-all' pitfall.
Answer:(The actual corrections are on page 12.)
In simple words: This question asks to identify incorrect statements about education and Big Data, then provide corrected versions that reflect accurate understanding of student learning and technological impact.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying false statements, compare each sentence against your knowledge of the topic. Corrections should directly address why the original statement is false and present the accurate information.

False sentences:
1. Every student's level of understanding is the same.
2. Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry.
Corrected sentences:
1. Every student's level of understanding is different.
2. Big data has brought about a big positive change in the education industry.
In simple words: The false statements imply uniformity in student understanding and a negative impact of Big Data on education; the corrections highlight the reality of diverse learning levels and Big Data's positive contributions to personalized education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that your corrected sentences are clear, concise, and directly counter the false information provided in the original statements.

Complex Factual:

Question 1.Complete the following describing the sources of the collection of data:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वेब आरेख है जो दिखाता है कि डेटा कैसे एकत्र किया जाता है। इसमें 'जब हम फेसबुक पर एक पोस्ट लाइक करते हैं', 'जब हम व्हाट्सएप पर एक पोस्ट शेयर करते हैं', 'जब हम एक वेबसाइट पर जाते हैं', 'जब हम ऑनलाइन खरीदारी करते हैं', 'जब हम एक वीडियो देखते हैं', और 'वेब, बिक्री, ग्राहक संपर्क केंद्र, सोशल मीडिया, मोबाइल डेटा, आदि जैसे अन्य स्रोतों से' शामिल हैं। यह विभिन्न ऑनलाइन और ऑफलाइन गतिविधियों से डेटा संग्रह को दर्शाता है।
when we like a post on Facebook
when we share a post on WhatsApp
when we visit a Website
when we make online purchases
when we watch a video
From other sources like web, sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data, etc.
In simple words: Data is collected from numerous sources including social media interactions like liking or sharing posts, website visits, online purchases, video consumption, and various other online and offline channels.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing data sources, categorize them effectively (e.g., social media, browsing, transactions) to show a comprehensive understanding of where data originates.

Question 2.Mention the ways to reduce risk in transport.
Answer:Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. GPS and Google Maps make use of Big Data. With geographic positioning and radio frequency identification sensors we get the up-to-date data about traffic, congestion on a particular route, information if the route is closed or if it is a one-way route, understanding accident prone areas, etc. Thus, we can plan our own route according to the travel time and the transportation of goods.
If we have ordered something online we can track the location of our goods in transit, we can also track the condition of the goods. All this has immensely helped the logistics companies to reduce risks in transport, improve speed and reliability in delivery.
In simple words: Big Data reduces transport risks by enabling precise location tracking via GPS and sensors, providing real-time traffic and route information, and identifying hazardous areas, which helps in planning efficient and safe routes for both people and goods, ultimately improving delivery speed and reliability.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining risk reduction in transport, highlight specific technologies (GPS, sensors) and the types of data they provide (traffic, route closures, accident areas) to illustrate concrete benefits.

Question 3.Complete the following:
Answer:
1. Big Data helps to predict and prevent cybercrimes, card fraud detection, archival of audit trails, etc.
2. Banks can predict future attempts of frauds by analyzing the past data of their customers and the data on previous brute force attacks.
3. SEC is using Big Data to monitor financial markets for possible illegal trades and suspicious activities.
4. Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions.
In simple words: Big Data aids in crime prevention, especially cyber and financial fraud, by enabling banks to predict attacks and regulatory bodies like SEC to monitor for illegal market activities, and also informs automated trading decisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing Big Data's applications, be specific about the problems it solves (e.g., cybercrime, fraud) and the institutions that benefit (banks, SEC, traders).

Question 4.List the ways in which sensors help a person.
Answer:Sensors help a person:
1. to understand the game from close quarters
2. to understand field conditions
3. to understand the weather conditions
4. to understand individual performances
In simple words: Sensors assist individuals by providing detailed insights into various situations, such as game dynamics, environmental conditions like weather, and personal performance metrics.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing benefits, use clear, action-oriented phrases that directly state how sensors provide assistance or information in different contexts.

Inference/Interpretation/ Analysis:

Question 1.Discuss and write how Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value.
Answer:When we like a post on Facebook or share a post on WhatsApp, visit any website, make online purchases, or watch videos, the variety of activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. So a huge amount of data is collected. Data is also collected swiftly from different sources, for example web, sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data and so on.
Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible.
As more and more people use the Internet, social media, make online purchases, use mobile phones, and are generally more active online, Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value in leaps and bounds.
In simple words: Big Data is rapidly growing in volume (quantity), variation (types), velocity (speed of generation), veracity (trustworthiness), and value (insights gained) because increasing online activities like social media use, browsing, and mobile interactions continuously generate massive amounts of diverse data that can be analyzed for valuable insights.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the 'Vs' of Big Data (Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity, Value), define each V and provide examples of how increasing online activity contributes to its growth in that specific dimension.

Question 2.Do you think Big Data has improved the quality of life? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:Big Data has certainly improved the quality of life. Through various apps, we can maintain our body weight and exercise levels, and remain healthy. Our heart rate, sleep patterns, etc. can be monitored and any changes can be immediately reported to the doctor, who can then prescribe the correct treatment as soon as possible.
Age-related diseases like diabetes and arteriosclerosis can be treated at the early stages. Thus, we can lead healthier and more active lives. Big Data is also being used to. predict and monitor epidemics, thus ensuring that they affect as few people as possible.
In simple words: Yes, Big Data has improved life quality by enabling health apps to track fitness and vital signs, allowing early detection and treatment of diseases, and helping predict and control epidemics, leading to healthier and more active lives for many.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering opinion-based questions, always support your stance with concrete examples and logical reasoning, especially focusing on how the technology directly impacts human well-being.

Question 3.Write some ways of the condition of the goods.
Answer:When we order something online, we are given a tracking number. By logging into the website of the company and entering this tracking number in the given slot, we can find out the location and condition of the goods.
In simple words: The condition of ordered goods can be determined by using the provided tracking number on the company's website, which allows customers to monitor both the location and status of their shipment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the practical applications of data in daily life. For goods, tracking numbers are a prime example of how data provides transparency and information to consumers.

Question 4.Can we understand the economy of the country by the data on Banking and

Question 5.
Explain, giving an example, the technique used by Netflix and YouTube to increase viewership.
Answer:
Netflix and YouTube know through Big Data just what a person has viewed and his/her behaviour online. Based on this information, the person will be shown different recommendations. For example, if a person has viewed a couple of horror films from start to end, Netflix will know that the viewer is interested in horror films.
Accordingly, Netflix will recommend a few more horror films. The viewer is pleased with this easy access to his/her favourite genre, and continues to be a customer, thus increasing Netflix revenue.
In simple words: Netflix and YouTube use Big Data to understand what users watch and how they behave online. This allows them to recommend similar content, keeping users engaged and increasing their viewership and revenue.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explaining the data-driven recommendation system with a clear example demonstrates a good understanding of Big Data's practical applications.

Question 6.
Discuss a solution provided by Big Data.
Answer:
Through Big Data we have information about the study patterns of students, and we can now prepare customized and dynamic learning programmes according to the need of an individual student.
In simple words: Big Data helps tailor education by providing insights into students' learning styles, allowing for personalized study programs that meet individual needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how Big Data provides personalized solutions, especially in fields like education, to score well.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Industries can be benefited from data. Explain with an example.
Answer:
Industries can benefit from the huge amount of data available. For example, in the tourism industry, through Big Data travel agencies and hotels can identify the times when there are more crowds and hence more demand for a certain tourist spot.
They can accordingly make arrangements for more flights, trains, buses, tours, labour, essential items, etc. Hotels can use big data to compile and analyse information about their main competitors so that they are aware of what other hotels or businesses are offering customers.
In simple words: Industries use vast amounts of data to understand demand patterns and competitor strategies. For instance, in tourism, Big Data helps agencies anticipate peak seasons and tailor their services, while hotels analyze competitor offerings to remain competitive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Providing a specific, relevant industry example (like tourism or healthcare) for how data is beneficial is crucial for this type of question.

Question 2.
Do you have any app on your phone that monitors your health? Describe it in brief.
Answer:
Yes, I have an app that helps me to measure the calories I have eaten and I can thus plan my meals. It also records my weight and tells me whether it has gone up or down. There is a very clear graph too which gives me complete information of the ups and downs in my weight. I have managed to lose a few kilos with the help of this app and feel much healthier now.
In simple words: Many health apps track metrics like calorie intake and weight, providing visual data to help users monitor their progress and make informed decisions about their health.

🎯 Exam Tip: For personal response questions, a concise description of a relevant experience, demonstrating how technology applies, is effective.

Question 3.
Do you use GPS and Google Maps? If so, where and when?
Answer:
I drive a two-wheeler. If I have to go to a new shop/hotel or some other place, I find out the route through GPS and follow this route. I used Google Maps when I went to Goa with my family and wanted to calculate distances and use the best routes.
In simple words: GPS and Google Maps are widely used for navigation, helping individuals find new locations, calculate distances, and choose optimal routes, especially when traveling to unfamiliar places.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific instances of using GPS/Google Maps to show practical application, enhancing the response's authenticity.

Question 4.
Do you spend a lot of time on Facebook, Netflix, etc.? Do you think it is addictive?
Answer:
Yes, I do spend a lot of time on Facebook. I have a large number of friends, and hence the news feed is quite a lot. I like to know what my friends are doing, where they have gone, etc. It is addictive, and since I have Facebook on my mobile phone too, I can check it at any time. This is what most of my friends do too. I know it is not good, and I am trying to control screen time. I do not subscribe to Netflix.
In simple words: Social media platforms like Facebook can be addictive due to constant updates from a large network of friends, leading to frequent checking throughout the day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Acknowledge both the engagement and potential drawbacks (like addiction) of social media to provide a balanced personal response.

Question 5.
Do you think Big Data will help to bring improvements in students? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Big Data will certainly help to bring improvements in students. Students can learn topics/subj ects. according to their abilities and capacity. They can choose their careers after knowing their strengths and weaknesses, their mental make-up and abilities. Thus, there will be fewer drop-outs, and students will be happy in the careers they have chosen..
In simple words: Big Data can significantly improve student outcomes by personalizing learning paths, helping students identify their strengths and weaknesses, and guiding them toward suitable career choices, ultimately reducing drop-out rates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the personalization aspect of Big Data in education and its long-term benefits for student satisfaction and success.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using 'as well as'....)
Answer:
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored, as well as analysed.
In simple words: To combine actions using 'as well as', list the actions sequentially, separating the initial ones with commas and placing 'as well as' before the final action.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "as well as," ensure it connects similar grammatical structures (e.g., verbs, adjectives) and implies inclusion, not exclusion.

Question 2.
The massive data available with us can really work wonders. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
The availability of massive data with us can really work wonders.
In simple words: To rewrite using the noun form, identify the verb (available) and replace it with its noun equivalent (availability), adjusting the sentence structure accordingly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different forms of words (verb, noun, adjective) to effectively transform sentences without changing their core meaning.

Question 3.
Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information. (Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
What is Big Data analytics?
In simple words: To form a 'wh-' question for a definition, use 'What is' followed by the term you want defined.

🎯 Exam Tip: When framing 'wh-' questions, ensure the question directly targets the underlined information and serves as a clear query for that specific detail.

Question 4.
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using 'as well as ...')
Answer:
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics as well as diseases.
In simple words: To rewrite using 'as well as', replace 'and' with 'as well as' to emphasize the inclusion of both items.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'as well as' typically follows the first item it connects, indicating that both items are equally relevant or included.

Question 5.
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using 'either ...or'.)
Answer:
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of either epidemics or diseases.
In simple words: When rewriting with 'either...or', place 'either' before the first option and 'or' before the second option to present them as alternatives.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Either...or" implies a choice between two options. Ensure correct placement to reflect the intended meaning of selection.

Question 6.
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using 'as well as'.)
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in identifying as well as tracking the exact location of a place.
In simple words: To use 'as well as' here, insert it between the two actions (identifying and tracking) to show that Big Data performs both functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'As well as' is used to connect two parallel actions or qualities, similar to 'and' but often with a slightly stronger emphasis on the second item's inclusion.

Question 7.
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using 'either ... or'.)
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in either identifying or tracking the exact location of a place.
In simple words: Using 'either...or' indicates that Big Data serves one purpose or the other, implying a choice or alternative between identifying and tracking.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully consider if the context truly allows for an 'either-or' scenario, as it implies a choice, unlike 'as well as' which implies both.

Question 8.
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting. (Rewrite using 'as well as'.)
Answer:
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather as well as help in weather forecasting.
In simple words: To combine these two related functions with 'as well as', place it between 'understand the weather' and 'help in weather forecasting'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how 'help in' is repeated in the original sentence; retaining it after 'as well as' ensures parallelism and clarity.

Question 9.
Huge amount of data is continuously being I received from them. (Change the voice.)
Answer:
We continuously receive a huge amount of data from them.
In simple words: To change from passive to active voice, identify the agent ('from them' implies 'we' or 'people'), make it the subject, and change the verb form ('is being received' to 'receive').

🎯 Exam Tip: When changing to active voice, identify the performer of the action (the 'doer') and make them the subject of the sentence.

Question 10.
Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions. (Rewrite as an interrogative question.)
Answer:
Hasn't Big Data enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions?
In simple words: To change a statement into a negative interrogative question, add 'Hasn't' or 'Has not' at the beginning and turn the sentence into a question.

🎯 Exam Tip: For interrogative transformations, start with the auxiliary verb (or 'do/does/did') and invert the subject-verb order, often using a negative form for a rhetorical or confirmation-seeking question.

Question 11.
Here, Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions. (Rewrite using a gerund in place of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Here, Big Data algorithms are used for making trading decisions.
In simple words: Replace the infinitive phrase 'to make' with the gerund form 'making', typically preceded by 'for' when indicating purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: A gerund (-ing form) functions as a noun. When replacing an infinitive of purpose, often 'for' + gerund is the correct construction.

Question 12.
Every student's comprehension level is different. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
Every student's comprehension level is different, isn't it?
In simple words: To add a question tag, use an auxiliary verb (is) that matches the main verb, make it negative (isn't), and use a pronoun (it) that refers to the subject (level).

🎯 Exam Tip: Question tags generally consist of an auxiliary verb (matching the main clause's tense and verb) and a pronoun. If the main statement is positive, the tag is negative, and vice-versa.

Question 13.
This will also help in guiding the student regarding the best career for him. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
This will also help in providing guidance to the student regarding the best career for him.
In simple words: Replace the verb 'guiding' with its noun form 'guidance', adjusting the preceding verb to 'providing' to maintain grammatical correctness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to how the sentence structure changes when a verb is replaced by its noun form; often, an accompanying verb (like 'provide', 'give') is needed.

Question 14.
This would, in general, enhance progress of all students. (Rewrite beginning 'Progress....)
Answer:
Progress of all students, would in general, be enhanced.
In simple words: To rewrite, make 'Progress of all students' the subject, and change the active verb 'enhance' to its passive form 'be enhanced'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When changing the subject of a sentence, ensure the verb tense and voice are adjusted correctly to match the new subject and maintain the original meaning.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
From the extract, find the antonyms of the following words :
1. understandable
2. tiny
3. sales
4. simple
Answer:
1. understandable - incomprehensible
2. tiny - massive (huge)
3. sales - purchase
4. simple - complex
In simple words: Antonyms are words with opposite meanings; identifying them requires understanding the given word and finding its opposite in the provided text.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always refer back to the text/extract when asked to find words from it, to ensure accuracy and context.

Question 2.
From the words given below, write down the ones that have been formed using prefixes:
industries, increasing, incomprehensible, unknown, examining, uncover, information, innumerable, important
Answer:
incomprehensible, unknown, uncover, innumerable
In simple words: Prefixes are word parts added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning; identify words starting with such additions like 'in-', 'un-'.

🎯 Exam Tip: A prefix always appears at the beginning of a base word. Recognize common prefixes (un-, in-, re-, dis-, pre-) to identify derived words.

Question 3.
Find the meanings of:
1. petabytes
2. exabytes
Answer:
1. petabytes - units of information equal to one thousand million 1000 terabytes.
2. exabytes - units of information equal to one quintillion 1000 petabytes
In simple words: Petabytes and exabytes are massive units of digital information storage, representing increasingly larger scales of data.

🎯 Exam Tip: For technical terms, a precise definition explaining the unit of measurement or concept is required.

Question 4.
Pick out 4 words ending in 'ing' from the extract.
Answer:
identifying, tracking, positioning, understanding
In simple words: Words ending in '-ing' often function as gerunds (nouns) or present participles (verbs/adjectives).

🎯 Exam Tip: Read through the text specifically looking for words with the specified suffix, ensuring they are actual words from the extract.

Question 5.
Pick out 4 nouns ending in 'tion' from the extract.
Answer:
location, identification, congestion, information
In simple words: Nouns ending in '-tion' are often formed from verbs and refer to an action, state, or result.

🎯 Exam Tip: Suffixes like '-tion' are strong indicators of nouns. Scanning for these can quickly yield the required words.

Question 6.
Complete the following, giving the meanings.
e.g. new insights: insights that are new.
Answer:
1. health-conscious people: people who are conscious of their health.
2. smartwatches: watches that are smart.
3. heart rate: the rate at which heart beats.
4. blood pressure: the pressure of the blood.
5. necessary precautions: precautions that are necessary.
6. unnecessary guesswork: guesswork that is unnecessary.
In simple words: This exercise defines compound terms or phrases by breaking them down into simpler descriptive sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining compound terms, try to explain each component word's contribution to the overall meaning.

Question 7.
Find adjectives from the extract having the following suffixes :
(-able, -ible, -ial, -ious, -al)
Answer:
1. -able - suitable;
2. -ible - possible;
3. -ial - financial, social;
4. -ious - suspicious, previous;
5. -al-natural.
In simple words: Adjectives modify nouns, and specific suffixes like '-able' or '-ious' often indicate that a word is an adjective.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing common adjective suffixes helps in quickly identifying words that describe qualities or attributes within a text.

Question 8.
Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B to make collocations found in the extract:
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying collocations helps improve vocabulary and natural language usage, which is key for both speaking and writing.

Question 9.
Give the adjective forms of the following words:
(i) giant
(ii) interest
(iii) create
(iv) behaviour
Answer:
1. giant - gigantic
2. interest - interesting
3. create - creative
4. behaviour - behavioural
In simple words: Adjective forms describe nouns; for instance, 'gigantic' describes something related to a giant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice identifying word families (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) to enhance vocabulary and grammatical flexibility.

Question 10.
Match the words in Box A with the meanings in Box B:
Answer:
1. revenue - earnings
2. gigantic - huge
3. enables - allows
4. embedded - implanted
In simple words: This exercise links words with their synonyms or concise definitions, expanding vocabulary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding synonyms and definitions is crucial for comprehension and expressing ideas clearly.

Question 11.
Make sentences of your own using the following expressions/words :
1. leaps and bounds
2. enhance
3. to make optimum use of
Answer:
1. leaps and bounds: Suman's progress in studies increased by leaps and bounds after her health improved.
2. enhance: We can enhance our looks by having a pleasant expression on our faces.
3. to make optimum use of: Saurav decided to make optimum use of the Diwali vacation to catch up with his studies.
In simple words: This exercise demonstrates how to use specific phrases and words correctly in a sentence, illustrating their meaning through context.

🎯 Exam Tip: When constructing sentences with new vocabulary, aim for clarity and ensure the word or phrase fits naturally within the sentence structure.

Oral Work:

Question 1.
Do you think people click consciously on Facebook? Discuss.
Answer:
[Points: in general, most people just press 'like' button on friends' posts, many times not even reading the post-sometimes some only repeat the comment above theirs-some forwards and videos are not even seen-with so many posts and information many times there is no time to read everything]
In simple words: People often engage with Facebook content (like/share) without fully processing it, due to the high volume of information and a tendency towards quick, superficial interactions.

🎯 Exam Tip: For discussion-based questions, outlining key points that support your stance (or a balanced view) is more important than a single 'correct' answer.

Non-Textual Grammar

Question 1.
Her family and their well-being were her highest priority. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Weren't her family and their well-being her highest priority?
In simple words: To turn a statement into an interrogative sentence, especially a negative one, start with the auxiliary verb (weren't) and rephrase it as a question.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that an interrogative sentence asks a question. For a negative interrogative, use the contracted negative form of the auxiliary verb at the beginning.

Question 2.
The shadows were lengthening when Smita arrived at the college. (Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
The shadows were lengthening - Main Clause
when Smita arrived at the college - Subordinate Adverb Clause of Time
In simple words: A main clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a subordinate clause depends on the main clause and often starts with a conjunction like 'when', indicating a specific relationship (here, time).

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify clauses, look for a subject-verb pair. Main clauses express a complete thought, while subordinate clauses rely on the main clause for their full meaning.

Question 3.
He had to find the books and read them before the day ended. (Rewrite using 'not only...but also'.)
Answer:
He had not only to find the books but also read them before the day ended.
In simple words: The phrase 'not only...but also' is used to emphasize that two actions or items are both true or relevant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure 'not only' and 'but also' are placed parallel to each other, preceding the elements they connect (verbs, nouns, etc.) for correct grammatical structure.

Spot The Error In The Following Sentences And Rewrite Them Correctly:

Question 1.
I was either scared of people's curious looks nor their awkward questions.
Answer:
I was neither scared of people's curious looks nor their awkward questions.
In simple words: The correlative conjunction 'either...or' pairs with 'neither...nor'. If 'nor' is used, 'neither' must precede the first element.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correlative conjunctions (like either/or, neither/nor) must always be used in pairs. Make sure the correct pair is used for the intended meaning (e.g., 'neither...nor' for two negative options).

Question 2.
He was unable to participate due to a health problems.
Answer:
He was unable to participate due to a health problem.
In simple words: The error is in subject-verb agreement or number agreement. 'A health problems' should be 'a health problem' (singular).

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to singular and plural forms of nouns and their agreement with articles (a/an/the) and modifiers.