Maharashtra Board Class 12 Education Chapter 8 New Trends in Education PDF Download

Exercise

Q.1 (A) Complete The Statements By Selecting The Appropriate Option From The Given Options.

(1) The student has to construct knowledge at his own level is a base of ..................

(a) skill based education

(b) constructivism

(c) blended learning

(d) open education

(2) The trend of education that facilitates simultaneous education for all learners including special needs, learners are called ..................

(a) Special education

(b) 'Divayang' education

(c) Inclusive education

(d) Open education

(3) Open education is .................. type of education.

(a) formal

(b) non-formal

(c) informal

(d) special

(4) In blended learning .................. are used.

(a) Books

(b) Website

(c) Online and offline tools

(d) Photos

Teacher's Note

These questions help you understand different types of learning. In India, many students now use both books and computers together in their school.

Exam Trick

Remember: Blended = mixed. Just like mixing two colors, blended learning mixes online and offline tools together.

Points to Remember

Constructivism means students make their own knowledge.
Inclusive education helps all students learn together.
Blended learning uses both books and computers.
Open education gives chance to all people to learn anytime.

Q.1 (B) Write The Answers In One To Two Words.

(1) According to which article of Indian Constitution, education is a fundamental right?

(2) Write name of any State Level open education institute.

(3) What is inclusive education ?

Teacher's Note

These short answer questions test your quick understanding. In India, Article 21-A gives every child the right to free education.

Exam Trick

For Constitution questions, always remember Article 21-A is about education. Write it quickly and move on.

Points to Remember

Article 21-A is about education right.
State open institutes help working people study.
Inclusive means all students together.
One or two words are enough for these answers.

Q.2 State Your Opinion About The Following Statements.

(1) Chances of employment increase due to skill based learning.

(2) Socialization of 'Divayang' students become faster due to inclusive education.

(3) The students who are deprived of formal education get the opportunity through open education.

(4) The creativity in students gets developed because of constructivism.

Teacher's Note

These questions ask what you think. In India, when children with disabilities study with other children, they become friends and learn better.

Exam Trick

For opinion questions, always write "I think" or "In my view" at the start. Then give one reason with a real example.

Points to Remember

Skills help you get a good job.
Disabled students feel happy when included with all students.
Open education gives second chance.
Learning your own way makes you more creative.
Always support your opinion with one example.

Q.3 Complete The Following Concept Designs.

(1) Knowledge Generation Process

(2) Blended Learning

Teacher's Note

Concept designs show how ideas connect. In India, students learn better when they see pictures and connections between ideas.

Exam Trick

For concept designs, draw circles and boxes. Write how one box connects to another box. Use arrows to show the flow.

Points to Remember

Knowledge comes from thinking and doing together.
Blended learning has two parts mixed together.
Draw boxes and arrows clearly.
Write short words in each box.
Show how one idea leads to another idea.

Q.4 Write The Short Notes.

(1) Characteristics of inclusive education

(2) Concept of constructivism

(3) Meaning of skill based education

Teacher's Note

Short notes mean you write main points only. In India, skill education helps children learn computer work and other job skills.

Exam Trick

For short notes, write 4-5 main points only. Use bullets or separate lines. Do not write full sentences.

Points to Remember

Inclusive education helps disabled and normal students learn together.
Constructivism means students build their own knowledge.
Skill education teaches job-related work and practice.
Short notes need key points only.
Write in simple and clear language.

Q.5 Write The Answers To The Following In 50 To 80 Words Each.

(1) Characteristics of blended learning

(2) Functions of open education

(3) Characteristics of constructivism

Teacher's Note

For 50-80 words, write about 5-6 lines. In India, open education helps working people complete their studies through distance learning.

Exam Trick

Count your words carefully. Write 50 to 80 words means about one half page. Not too short, not too long.

Points to Remember

Blended learning uses books and computers together.
Open education has no age limit or fixed time.
Constructivism helps students discover learning themselves.
Write complete sentences with proper meaning.
Always count words before you finish writing.

Q.6 Write The Answers To The Following Questions In 100 To 150 Words Each.

(1) Explain the concept and characteristics of open education.

(2) Explain the concept and characteristics of skill based education.

(3) Explain benefits and limitations of blended learning.

Teacher's Note

For 100-150 words, write one full page. In India, open universities like IGNOU help lakhs of students study while working in jobs.

Exam Trick

For long answers, write introduction first, then main points, then conclusion. This makes your answer clear and complete.

Points to Remember

Open education is flexible for working people.
Skill education teaches job and practical skills.
Blended learning has good things and bad things both.
Write full explanation with examples.
Check spelling and grammar before submitting answer.

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