Maharashtra Board Class 11 Sociology Chapter 5 Culture Solutions

Sociology Class 11 Chapter 5 Culture Question Answers Maharashtra Board

Culture Class 11 Sociology Chapter 5 Questions And Answers

1. (A) Choose The Correct Alternative And Complete The Statements.

Question 1.Culture is ...................... (natural / personal / adaptive)
Answer:adaptive
In simple words: Culture refers to the learned behaviors, beliefs, and values that are constantly evolving to fit new environments and challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding culture as an adaptive mechanism is key to explaining social change and development.

Question 2.Material culture is .......................... (concrete / abstract / intangible)
Answer:concrete
In simple words: Material culture includes all physical objects created by a society, such as tools, clothing, and buildings, which are tangible.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguishing between material and non-material culture is a fundamental concept in sociology.

Question 3.Bollywood music is an example of .......................... (high culture / popular culture / folk culture)
Answer:popular culture
In simple words: Popular culture refers to the collection of ideas, attitudes, and trends prevalent within a mainstream population, often disseminated through mass media.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to classify cultural examples into categories like high, popular, and folk culture.

1. (B) Correct The Incorrect Pair.

Question 1.
(a) Classical singing of Bhimsen Joshi - High culture
(b) Shakespeare's literature - Folk culture
(c) Harry Potter books - Popular culture
(d) Religious group - Sub-culture
Answer: (b) Shakespeare's literature - High culture
In simple words: High culture refers to cultural products and activities that are considered to have high artistic merit and are often associated with elite groups, whereas folk culture is traditional and localized.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately identifying examples of different cultural forms like high culture and folk culture is crucial.

1. (C) Identify The Appropriate Term From The Given Options.

Question 1.Songs transmitted from one generation to the next.
Answer:Folk Culture
In simple words: Folk culture is characterized by traditions and customs passed down orally or through practice within a community over generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Folk culture represents traditional, often localized, cultural expressions that evolve slowly over time.

Question 2.Use of mobile phones today.
Answer:Material Culture
In simple words: Material culture encompasses all the physical objects that people create and use, such as technology, clothing, and tools, which are tangible.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that material culture includes all human-made objects, reflecting technological and societal advancements.

1. (D) Correct Underlined Words And Complete The Sentence.

Question 1.Belief in superstition is an example of material culture.
Answer:Belief in superstition is an example of non-material culture.
In simple words: Superstitions are abstract ideas, beliefs, and practices that do not involve physical objects, making them part of non-material culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiating between material (tangible) and non-material (intangible ideas, beliefs) culture is a key distinction.

Question 2.E-commerce is an example of popular culture.
Answer:E-commerce is an example of mass culture.
In simple words: Mass culture refers to cultural products and services consumed by a large, heterogeneous audience, often produced and distributed via mass media, like e-commerce.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mass culture is widely disseminated and consumed, often distinct from popular culture which can be more transient.

2. Write Short Notes.

Question 1.Characteristics of Culture.
Answer:The term culture refers to the way of life of a member of various societies or groups. Culture has the following characteristics:
1. Culture is acquired : Culture is learnt by each member through socialization. Cultural learning takes place through experience and symbolic interactions. Culture is propagated through generations.
2. Culture is abstract: Culture exist in the minds or habits of the members in a society. We cannot see culture but can see human behaviour.
3. Culture is shared : Culture is shared by a group of people belonging to the same community. They share same values, beliefs and traditions. These aspects develop a sense of unity.
4. Culture is man-made : Culture is a human product and does nothing on its own.
5. Culture is idealistic : Culture embodies the ideas and norms of a group. It consists of intellectual, artistic and social ideas which are followed by members of the society.
6. Culture is transmitted among the members of the society : The cultural ways are learned by persons from persons and many of them are handed down by one's elders, parents, teachers and others.
In simple words: Culture is a dynamic system of shared behaviors, beliefs, and values that are learned, abstract, man-made, and passed down through generations within a society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing and briefly explaining each characteristic (acquired, abstract, shared, man-made, idealistic, transmitted) will earn full marks for this question.

Question 2.Social Benefits of Culture.
Answer:Culture has many social benefits:
1. Fundamental benefits : Cultural experiences are opportunities for leisure, entertainment, learning and sharing experiences with others. These benefits are intrinsic to culture. They are what attracts us and the reason why we participate.
2. Improved, learning and valuable skills for the future : In children and youth, participation in culture helps to develop thinking skills and build self-esteem, which enhance educational outcomes.
3. Better health and well-being : Participation in culture contributes and cultural engagement improves both mental and physical health.
4. Social solidarity and cohesion : Culture helps build social capital - the bond that holds communities together. Cultural activities such as festivals, bring people together and build social solidarity. Our diverse cultural heritage develops a feeling of pride and a sense of belonging to a wider community.
In simple words: Culture provides leisure, fosters learning and skill development, promotes mental and physical well-being, and strengthens social bonds and community cohesion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how cultural participation positively impacts individuals and society, citing examples like festivals and skill development.

3. Differentiate Between.

Question 1.Material Culture and Non-Material Culture.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide clear examples for both categories and highlight their core distinction: tangibility vs. intangibility.

Question 2.Folkways and Mores.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the key difference lies in the severity of societal enforcement and the moral implications associated with their violation.

4. Explain The Following Concept With Suitable Examples.

Question 1.Norms
Answer:1. Norms are rules and behavioural expectations by which a society guides the behaviours of its members.
2. Some norms are prescriptive and some are prescriptive norms Most norms apply universally but some norms are culture specific.
3. Social norms are further divided into folkways and mores. Folkways are mildly enforced social expectations, while mores are strictly held beliefs about behaviours.
Example: Folkways - the concept of appropriate dress. Mores - Religious doctrines, taboos, customs, laws, etc.
In simple words: Norms are the unwritten rules of behavior that guide members of a society, ranging from simple folkways to serious moral mores, ensuring social order.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining norms, ensure you differentiate between prescriptive and proscriptive norms, and provide clear examples for folkways and mores.

Question 2.Folk Culture
Answer:Folk culture refers to the culture of ordinary people particularly those living in pre-industrial societies. It is an authentic culture. It never aspire to be an art but its distinctiveness is accepted and respected.
Example : Parents expect obedience from children, the time of meals, the number of meals per day, the manner of taking meals the manner of speech; dressing; forms of etiquette and numerous other practices of daily life.
In simple words: Folk culture is a traditional, localized culture common among ordinary people in pre-industrial societies, characterized by customs and practices passed down through generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the traditional, localized, and authentic nature of folk culture, contrasting it with mass or popular culture.

5. Complete The Concept Maps.

Question 1.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'संस्कृति के घटक' शीर्षक से एक अवधारणा मानचित्र को दर्शाता है। इसमें एक केंद्रीय वृत्त है जिस पर 'Components of culture' लिखा है, और इसके चारों ओर चार खाली वृत्त हैं जो संस्कृति के विभिन्न घटकों को दर्शाते हैं। छात्रों को इन घटकों के नाम लिखने के लिए कहा गया है।
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र 'संस्कृति के घटक' शीर्षक वाले अवधारणा मानचित्र का सही समाधान प्रस्तुत करता है। केंद्रीय 'Components of Culture' वृत्त से चार तीर निकलकर 'Symbols', 'Language', 'Knowledge' और 'Values and Beliefs' नामक घटकों वाले वृत्तों की ओर जा रहे हैं।
In simple words: The components of culture typically include symbols, language, knowledge, and values and beliefs, all of which shape how people in a society interact and understand the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be prepared to identify and explain the core elements that constitute any given culture, such as symbols, language, knowledge, values, and beliefs.

6. Give Your Personal Response.

Question 1.Very few people make an effort to learn classical music today.
Answer:Classical music is not popular among people today because like any other form of music one requires exposure over a period of time to become familiar. While pop music is appreciated by a large number of people with no cultural expertise.
In simple words: Classical music demands dedicated exposure and learning, unlike popular music which is more accessible and requires less specialized cultural understanding for enjoyment.

🎯 Exam Tip: For personal response questions, formulate a concise, logical argument that explains the societal trend, often contrasting with modern alternatives.

Question 2.It is not easy to give up superstitious beliefs.
Answer:Superstitious beliefs are form of non-material culture which are rooted in society for many decades and centuries. Change in this aspect is not readily accepted by the society or certain sections of the society. It is rooted in society for many decades and centuries. Hence, change in these aspects is not easy
In simple words: Superstitious beliefs are deeply ingrained non-material cultural elements, often passed down through generations, making them resistant to change and difficult for society to abandon quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the historical depth, societal acceptance, and emotional attachment that contribute to the persistence of such beliefs.

11th Sociology Digest Chapter 5 Culture Intext Questions And Answers

Activity (Textbook Page No. 61)

Question 1.Presentation : students make groups of 5 in class and present an aspect of culture, (e.g., language, dialect, dress, folklore, dances, music, art, food habits, architecture, literature, tribal life, rural life, urban life) of any state in India.
Answer:Students should conduct a presentation in the classroom with the help of using power point, charts to explain the various cultural elements of any one state in India.
In simple words: Students are tasked with preparing and delivering a classroom presentation, using visual aids, to illustrate specific cultural aspects of an Indian state.

🎯 Exam Tip: For activity-based questions, provide a clear, actionable response that outlines the steps students should take to complete the task effectively.

Question 2.Culture varies from society to society. Each Society or a group will have different culture. These cultures are sometimes overlapping and sometimes exclusive. Give examples.
Answer:Compare culture of different states in India, how they are different in their lifestyles, food habits, dressing styles etc. Also explain by giving examples how certain elements of culture overlap or have similarities. Many cultural elements of different states are also exclusive in nature, peculiar to that region to maintain the ethnicity.
Both Gujarat and Maharashtra were created on May 1, 1960. The dialects spoken in each state are also different. In Maharashtra, the majority of the people speak the Marathi language. The same is true for the Gujarati language in Gujarat this is an example of exclusive culture.
Hindi, one of the official language of India, is a common language. This is an example of overlapping culture.
In simple words: Cultures differ across societies, with some elements being unique (exclusive, like state languages) and others shared (overlapping, like a national language), illustrating the diversity and interconnectedness of human traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use concrete examples like regional languages (exclusive) and national languages (overlapping) to clearly demonstrate cultural variation and commonality.

Question 3.Observe cultural change around you and list examples of cultural lag in society.
Answer:Cultural changes observed around include:
1. Younger generations have become more independent.
2. Indian culture today allows young men and woman to have more freedom of choice with respect to marriage partner.
3. Impact of internet.
An example of cultural lag:
Expectant parents can use genetic engineering to select their unborn child's eye colour or sex. However, many people view this type of genetic engineering as unethical and believe it could lead to unintended social consequences. This is an example of cultural lag.
In simple words: Cultural lag occurs when material culture (technology like genetic engineering) advances rapidly, while non-material culture (societal ethics and beliefs) struggles to adapt, leading to social dilemmas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing cultural lag, clearly distinguish between the rapidly changing material culture and the slower-to-change non-material culture, providing a relevant example.

Question 4.Look at your surrounding and list out the examples of cultural hybridisation in the areas of food, toys, religious practices, festivals, celebrations.
Answer:1. Burger and pizza with a pinch of Indian spices, Indianisation of Chinese food.
2. Celebration of Valentine's Day.
3. Hybrid version of Barbie, fusion music, formation of new language after blending different languages etc.
In simple words: Cultural hybridisation is the blending of elements from different cultures to create new forms, seen in areas like food (Indian-spiced pizza), festivals (Valentine's Day), and music (fusion genres).

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide diverse examples across different cultural domains (food, festivals, media) to illustrate the widespread nature of cultural hybridisation.