Step-by-Step Textbook Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3
Access comprehensive textbook solutions for Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3 using the official curriculum guides for Class 11 Mathematics. Designed to align with the 2026-27 MSBSHSE standards, these detailed answers help students reinforce core academic concepts.
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Question 1. x - y ≤ 0, 2x - y ≥ -2
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x - y ≤ 0 | x - y = 0 | — | O (0,0) A (1, 1) | (0) - (0) ≤ 0 ∴ 0 ≤ 0 ∴ origin side |
| 2x - y ≥ -2 | 2x - y = -2 | \( \frac{2x}{-2} - \frac{y}{-2} = \frac{-2}{-2} \) i.e., \( \frac{x}{-1} + \frac{y}{2} = 1 \) | B (-1,0) C (0, 2) | 2(0) - (0) ≥ -2 ∴ 0 ≥ -2 ∴ origin side |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक निर्देशांक तल को दर्शाता है जिसमें x-अक्ष और y-अक्ष हैं। इसमें दो रेखाएँ खींची गई हैं: पहली रेखा \(x - y = 0\) मूल बिंदु (0,0) और (1,1) से होकर गुजरती है, और दूसरी रेखा \(2x - y = -2\) बिंदुओं (-1,0) और (0,2) से होकर गुजरती है। दोनों असमानताओं (x - y ≤ 0 और 2x - y ≥ -2) के लिए समाधान क्षेत्र की पहचान की गई है, और उनका उभयनिष्ठ (कॉमन) छायांकित क्षेत्र ग्राफिकल समाधान को दर्शाता है। The shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: This problem asks us to find the area on a graph that satisfies both given inequalities simultaneously. We do this by drawing the boundary lines for each inequality and then testing a point (like the origin) to see which side of the line represents the solution for that inequality. The overlapping shaded region is the final solution.
🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure accurate plotting of boundary lines and precise testing of a point (like the origin, if not on the line) to determine the correct region for each inequality. Clearly shade the final feasible region for full marks.
Question 2. 2x + 3y ≥ 12, -x + y ≤ 3, x ≤ 4, y ≥ 3
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2x + 3y ≥ 12 | 2x + 3y = 12 | \( \frac{x}{6} + \frac{y}{4} = 1 \) | A (6, 0) B (0, 4) | 2(0) + 3(0) ≥ 12 ∴ 0 ≥ 12 ∴ non-origin side |
| -x + y ≤ 3 | -x + y = 3 | \( \frac{x}{-3} + \frac{y}{3} = 1 \) | C (-3, 0) D (0, 3) | -0 + (0) ≤ 3 ∴ 0 ≤ 3 ∴ origin side |
| x ≤ 4 | x = 4 | — | — | 0 ≤ 4 ∴ L.H.S. of line x = 4 |
| y ≥ 3 | y = 3 | — | — | 0 ≥ 3 ∴ above line y = 3 |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक निर्देशांक तल को दर्शाता है जिसमें चार असमानताओं के समाधान क्षेत्र को ग्राफिक रूप से दर्शाया गया है: \(2x + 3y ≥ 12\), \(-x + y ≤ 3\), \(x ≤ 4\) और \(y ≥ 3\)। इसमें इन असमानताओं से संबंधित सीमा रेखाएँ खींची गई हैं - जैसे \(2x + 3y = 12\) और \(-x + y = 3\) - साथ ही ऊर्ध्वाधर रेखा \(x=4\) और क्षैतिज रेखा \(y=3\)। इन सभी शर्तों को एक साथ संतुष्ट करने वाले उभयनिष्ठ क्षेत्र को छायांकित किया गया है, जो दिए गए रैखिक असमानताओं के निकाय का समाधान है। The shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: To solve this graphically, we plot the boundary lines for each inequality. For \(2x + 3y ≥ 12\), we shade the region away from the origin. For \(-x + y ≤ 3\), we shade towards the origin. For \(x ≤ 4\), we shade to the left of the vertical line \(x=4\). For \(y ≥ 3\), we shade above the horizontal line \(y=3\). The region where all these shaded areas overlap is the final solution.
🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with multiple inequalities, carefully determine the correct side for each boundary line. The final solution is the region common to *all* inequalities, so precision in shading and identifying the intersection is crucial.
Question 3. 3x + 2y ≤ 1800, 2x + 7y ≤ 1400
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3x + 2y ≤ 1800 | 3x + 2y = 1800 | \( \frac{x}{600} + \frac{y}{900} = 1 \) | A (600, 0), B (0, 900) | 3(0) + 2(0) ≤ 1800 ∴ 0 ≤ 1800 ∴ origin side |
| 2x + 7y ≤ 1400 | 2x + 7y = 1400 | \( \frac{x}{700} + \frac{y}{200} = 1 \) | C (700, 0), D (0, 200) | 2(0) + 7(0) ≤ 1400 ∴ 0 ≤ 1400 ∴ origin side |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक बड़े निर्देशांक तल को दर्शाता है जिसमें दो रैखिक असमानताओं \(3x + 2y ≤ 1800\) और \(2x + 7y ≤ 1400\) के ग्राफिकल समाधान प्रस्तुत किए गए हैं। इसमें उनकी संबंधित सीमा रेखाएँ - \(3x + 2y = 1800\) और \(2x + 7y = 1400\) - खींची गई हैं। इन दोनों असमानताओं के लिए, समाधान क्षेत्र मूल बिंदु (0,0) की ओर है। इन दोनों समाधान क्षेत्रों का उभयनिष्ठ (कॉमन) और छायांकित क्षेत्र, दिए गए सिस्टम का ग्राफिकल समाधान है। The shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: For each inequality, we draw its corresponding line by finding the x and y intercepts. Since both inequalities are "less than or equal to," their solution regions lie on the side of the line that includes the origin. The final graphical solution is the overlapping area where both conditions are met.
🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with large numbers in inequalities, ensure your graph scaling is appropriate to plot the intercepts accurately. Remember that "less than or equal to" inequalities typically shade towards the origin (if the origin satisfies the inequality).
Question 4. 0 ≤ x ≤ 350, 0 ≤ y ≤ 150
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 ≤ x ≤ 350 i.e., x ≥ 0 and x ≤ 350 | x = 0 x = 350 | — — | — — | R.H.S. of Y-axis 0 ≤ 350 ∴ L.H.S. of line x1 = 350 |
| 0 ≤ y ≤ 150 i.e., y ≥ 0 y ≤ 150 | y = 0 y = 150 | — — | — — | above X-axis 0 ≤ 150 ∴ below the line x2 = 150 |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक आयताकार व्यवहार्य क्षेत्र (feasible region) को दर्शाता है जो चार असमानताओं द्वारा परिभाषित है: \(0 ≤ x ≤ 350\) और \(0 ≤ y ≤ 150\)। इसमें x-अक्ष, y-अक्ष, ऊर्ध्वाधर रेखा \(x=350\), और क्षैतिज रेखा \(y=150\) को सीमा के रूप में दिखाया गया है। छायांकित क्षेत्र मूल बिंदु (0,0) से लेकर x-अक्ष पर 350 और y-अक्ष पर 150 तक फैले हुए आयत को दर्शाता है, जो इन सभी शर्तों को संतुष्ट करता है। The shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: This problem defines a rectangular region in the first quadrant. \(0 ≤ x ≤ 350\) means x is between the y-axis and the vertical line \(x=350\). \(0 ≤ y ≤ 150\) means y is between the x-axis and the horizontal line \(y=150\). The shaded area is the rectangle formed by these four boundaries.
🎯 Exam Tip: For inequalities like \(0 ≤ x ≤ a\) and \(0 ≤ y ≤ b\), the feasible region is always a rectangle in the first quadrant, bounded by the axes and the lines \(x=a\) and \(y=b\). Clearly label these lines and vertices on your graph.
Question 5. \( \frac{x}{60} + \frac{y}{90} ≤ 1, \frac{x}{120} + \frac{y}{75} ≤ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 \)
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| \( \frac{x}{60} + \frac{y}{90} ≤ 1 \) | \( \frac{x}{60} + \frac{y}{90} = 1 \) | \( \frac{x}{60} + \frac{y}{90} = 1 \) | A (60, 0), B (0, 90) | \( \frac{(0)}{60} + \frac{(0)}{90} ≤ 1 \) ∴ 0 ≤ 1 ∴ origin side |
| \( \frac{x}{120} + \frac{y}{75} ≤ 1 \) | \( \frac{x}{120} + \frac{y}{75} = 1 \) | \( \frac{x}{120} + \frac{y}{75} = 1 \) | C (120, 0), D (0, 75) | \( \frac{(0)}{120} + \frac{(0)}{75} ≤ 1 \) ∴ 0 ≤ 1 ∴ origin side |
| x ≥ 0 | x = 0 | — | — | R.H.S. of Y-axis |
| y ≥ 0 | y = 0 | — | — | Above X-axis |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक निर्देशांक तल को दर्शाता है जिसमें चार असमानताओं द्वारा परिभाषित एक व्यवहार्य क्षेत्र है: \( \frac{x}{60} + \frac{y}{90} ≤ 1 \), \( \frac{x}{120} + \frac{y}{75} ≤ 1 \), \(x ≥ 0\), और \(y ≥ 0\)। इसमें दो ढलान वाली रेखाएँ (जो \( \frac{x}{60} + \frac{y}{90} = 1 \) और \( \frac{x}{120} + \frac{y}{75} = 1 \) को दर्शाती हैं) और x-अक्ष व y-अक्ष की सीमाएँ खींची गई हैं। सभी असमानताओं के समाधान क्षेत्र मूल बिंदु की ओर और प्रथम चतुर्थांश में हैं। इन सभी का उभयनिष्ठ (कॉमन) छायांकित क्षेत्र ग्राफिकल समाधान है, जो एक बहुभुज बनाता है। The shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: This problem involves two diagonal lines in intercept form, along with the conditions that x and y must be non-negative, meaning the solution is restricted to the first quadrant. For both diagonal inequalities, we shade the region containing the origin. The final shaded region is the overlap of these areas within the first quadrant, forming a polygon.
🎯 Exam Tip: When inequalities are given in intercept form \( \frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} ≤ 1 \), the intercepts are (a,0) and (0,b). Always remember to include the \(x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0\) conditions by restricting the solution to the first quadrant.
Question 6. 3x + 2y ≤ 24, 3x + y ≥ 15, x ≥ 4
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3x + 2y ≤ 24 | 3x + 2y = 24 | \( \frac{x}{8} + \frac{y}{12} = 1 \) | A (8, 0), B (0, 12) | 3(0) + 2(0) ≤ 24 ∴ 0 ≤ 24 ∴ origin side |
| 3x + y ≥ 15 | 3x + y = 15 | \( \frac{x}{5} + \frac{y}{15} = 1 \) | C (5, 0), D (0, 15) | 3(0) + (0) ≥ 15 ∴ 0 ≥ 15 ∴ non-origin side |
| x ≥ 4 | x = 4 | — | — | 0 ≥ 4 ∴ R.H.S of line x = 4 |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख तीन रैखिक असमानताओं \(3x + 2y ≤ 24\), \(3x + y ≥ 15\), और \(x ≥ 4\) के ग्राफिकल समाधान को दर्शाता है। इसमें उनकी संबंधित सीमा रेखाएँ - \(3x + 2y = 24\) (मूल बिंदु की ओर), \(3x + y = 15\) (मूल बिंदु से दूर), और ऊर्ध्वाधर रेखा \(x=4\) (इस रेखा के दाईं ओर) - खींची गई हैं। इन सभी शर्तों को संतुष्ट करने वाला उभयनिष्ठ (कॉमन) छायांकित क्षेत्र, दिए गए असमानता निकाय का व्यवहार्य क्षेत्र है, जो एक त्रिकोणीय आकार बनाता है। The shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: We graph three lines: \(3x + 2y = 24\), \(3x + y = 15\), and \(x = 4\). For the first inequality, we shade towards the origin. For the second, we shade away from the origin. For \(x ≥ 4\), we shade to the right of the vertical line \(x=4\). The final shaded region is where all three conditions overlap.
🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the inequality signs when determining the shading direction. A "less than or equal to" sign usually means shading towards the origin (if valid), while "greater than or equal to" means shading away from it.
Question 7. 2x + y ≥ 8, x + 2y ≥ 10, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Answer: Solution: To find a graphical solution, construct the table as follows:
| Inequation | Equation | Double Intercept form | Points (x, y) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2x + y ≥ 8 | 2x + y = 8 | \( \frac{x}{4} + \frac{y}{8} = 1 \) | A (4, 0), B (0, 8) | 2(0) + (0) ≥ 8 ∴ 0 ≥ 8 ∴ non-origin side |
| x + 2y ≥ 10 | x + 2y = 10 | \( \frac{x}{10} + \frac{y}{5} = 1 \) | C (10, 0), D (0, 5) | 10 + 2(0) ≥ 10 ∴ 0 ≥ 10 ∴ non-origin side |
| x ≥ 0 | x = 0 | — | — | R.H.S. of Y-axis |
| y ≥ 0 | y = 0 | — | — | Above X-axis |
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख चार रैखिक असमानताओं \(2x + y ≥ 8\), \(x + 2y ≥ 10\), \(x ≥ 0\), और \(y ≥ 0\) के ग्राफिकल समाधान को दर्शाता है। इसमें संबंधित सीमा रेखाएँ - \(2x + y = 8\) और \(x + 2y = 10\) - खींची गई हैं, साथ ही x-अक्ष और y-अक्ष भी सीमाएँ हैं। चूँकि दोनों मुख्य असमानताएँ "से अधिक या बराबर" हैं, उनके समाधान क्षेत्र मूल बिंदु से दूर हैं। \(x ≥ 0\) और \(y ≥ 0\) शर्तों के कारण समाधान प्रथम चतुर्थांश तक सीमित है। सभी शर्तों को संतुष्ट करने वाला उभयनिष्ठ (कॉमन) छायांकित क्षेत्र, दिए गए असमानता निकाय का व्यवहार्य क्षेत्र है, जो एक अनियमित आकार का बहुभुज बनाता है। Shaded portion represents the graphical solution.
In simple words: This problem asks for the region satisfying two "greater than or equal to" inequalities and the first-quadrant conditions (\(x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0\)). We draw the lines \(2x + y = 8\) and \(x + 2y = 10\). For "greater than or equal to," we shade the region *away* from the origin. The final solution is the common shaded area in the first quadrant, representing the unbounded feasible region.
🎯 Exam Tip: For "greater than or equal to" inequalities like these, the feasible region is often unbounded. Always check the test point (e.g., origin) to correctly identify the solution side for each line, especially when the region extends infinitely.
Step-by-Step Textbook Answers: Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3
Official MSBSHSE Solutions for Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3
Review comprehensive exercise answers for Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3. Fully updated to match current MSBSHSE syllabus guidelines, these textbook solutions help students verify their work and maintain accurate study notes.
Step-by-Step Explanations for Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3
Each solution includes detailed reasoning to foster genuine comprehension of Chapter 08 Linear Inequations 8.3 concepts. Reviewing these step-by-step breakdowns allows learners to master both analytical and descriptive questions expected in school evaluations.
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