Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology Solutions

Class 11 Information Technology Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

1. Complete the Following Activity.

Question 1. Complete the diagram for DOS:

• DOS
  • Disk
  • ________
  • System

• DOS
  • Disk
  • Operating
  • System

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that DOS stands for Disk Operating System, where 'Operating' is the middle term that connects the disk hardware to the system software.

Question 2. Tick the appropriate box.
Internet is a ____________ network connecting millions of computer.
(a) Regional
(b) Global
(c) Local
Answer: (b) Global
In simple words: The internet is a global network because it connects computers all around the world, not just in one local area or region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of 'global' as meaning 'worldwide' to easily remember that the internet connects millions of computers across the entire globe.

Question 3. Complete the diagram for USB:

• USB
  • ________
  • Serial
  • Bus

• USB
  • Universal
  • Serial
  • Bus

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that the 'U' in USB stands for 'Universal' because it is designed to work across all kinds of different devices.

Question 3. Complete the concept map for USB.
Answer:
• Universal
• Serial
• Bus
In simple words: USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, which is a common port used to connect devices like keyboards and flash drives to a computer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that USB stands for Universal Serial Bus; spelling 'Universal' and 'Serial' correctly is key to scoring full marks.

Question 4. Tick the appropriate box.
(a) Print CPU information
(b) Print path of current directory
(c) Print the name of current user
Answer: (c) Print the name of current user
In simple words: The "whoami" command is used in computers to show the username of the person currently logged in.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the command 'whoami' directly with 'who am I', which asks for the current user's identity.

Question 5. Fill in the blank box.
MAN:
• [Blank]
• Area
• Network
Answer:
• Storage (as shown in the SAN diagram)
• Area
• Network
In simple words: SAN stands for Storage Area Network, which is a network that connects servers to data storage devices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be prepared for both MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) and SAN (Storage Area Network) abbreviations in your exams.

Divide the Following List of Devices into Appropriate Categories

Question 1. Monitor, Barcode reader, Printer, Keyboard, Optical character reader, Speaker
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that input devices send data to the computer, while output devices receive data from the computer to show or play it for you.

Multiple Choice Two Correct Answers

Question 1. The primary memory consists of ____________ and ____________
(a) Pendrive
(b) Hard Disk
(c) RAM
(d) Scanner
(e) ROM
Answer: (c) RAM, (e) ROM
In simple words: RAM and ROM are the main internal memories of a computer that it uses to run programs and start up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Primary memory is directly accessible by the CPU, which includes RAM (temporary) and ROM (permanent).

Question 2. The network architectures which are widely used are ____________
(a) Server
(b) Client
(c) Peer to peer
(d) Client-server
(e) Internet
Answer: (c) Peer to peer, (d) Client-server
In simple words: Peer-to-peer networks connect equal computers directly, while client-server networks use a central server to share resources with other computers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to select exactly two options when the question asks for two correct answers to secure full marks.

Match the Following

Question 1. Match the following:

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the full forms of these abbreviations (like File Transfer Protocol for FTP and Domain Name System for DNS) to easily remember their functions in match-the-following questions.

Name the Following and Complete the Diagram

Question 1. Complete the concept map for Mobile Operating System.
Answer: The mobile operating systems shown in the concept map are:

• Android
• Asha
• Blackberry
• iOS

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to write all four major mobile operating systems clearly to get full marks in concept map questions.

6. Complete the Following with Linux Commands with Their Use

Question 1. Complete the following with Linux commands with their use:
(i) pwd
(ii) ls
Answer:
(i) pwd: It is used to print the path of the current working directory.
(ii) ls: It is used to list the files and directories in the current working directory.
In simple words: The 'pwd' command shows you the folder you are currently in, and the 'ls' command lists all the files and folders inside it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the purpose of each command and write them in lowercase as Linux commands are case-sensitive.

Answer:

7. Complete the list of the following protocols.

Question 1. Complete the diagram for Internet Protocol.
Answer: The completed internet protocols are:
• HTTP
• SMTP
• POP3
• IMAP
• FTP
• TCP/IP
In simple words: These are the standard rules that different computers use to talk to each other and share files or emails over the internet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize these six key protocols as they are the foundation of network communication and are highly scoring in exams.

8. Complete the following Long form.

Question 1. Complete the following acronyms:
(i) LAN: Local ......... Network
(ii) GUI: ......... User interface
(iii) OSS: Open Source............
Answer:
(i) LAN: Local Area Network
(ii) GUI: Graphical User interface
(iii) OSS: Open Source Software. These standard abbreviations are widely used across all operating systems and network configurations.
In simple words: These are short forms for common computer terms: LAN is a local network, GUI is the visual screen you interact with, and OSS is software that anyone can inspect and modify.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the full forms of common IT acronyms like LAN, GUI, and OSS as they are frequently asked in objective questions.

9. Identify the Following Activity.

Question 1. You are typing a letter using a computer and suddenly there is a power failure. Which type of Memory does this activity deal with?
Answer: Random Access Memory (RAM). Since RAM is volatile, any unsaved data is lost instantly when the power cuts out.
In simple words: This situation involves Random Access Memory (RAM), which only holds data while the computer is turned on. If the power cuts out before you save, everything in RAM is erased.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that RAM is volatile (temporary) memory, whereas storage devices like hard disks are non-volatile (permanent).

10. Answer the Following.

Question 1. What are Data and Information? Give examples of data and information.
Answer: Data can be any character, text, word, number, or raw facts. Understanding the distinction between raw inputs and processed outputs is fundamental to computer science.
Example of Data:
Mumbai, 1234, Aditya, MG Road, Maharashtra, 9444444441, 411004

Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.
Example of Information:
Aditya, 1234, MG Road, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, 944444444114.
In simple words: Data is just raw, unorganized facts and numbers that do not mean much on their own. Information is that same data put into a structured, readable format that makes sense to us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear, structured examples when distinguishing between data and information to show the examiner how raw facts become meaningful context.

Question 2. Explain functional units of a computer system.
Answer: The computer system has the following three basic components:

Input Unit:
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interacts with and controls it. Data can be in the form of words, symbols, numbers, etc. The function of the input device is to direct commands and data into the computer. These units work in perfect harmony to process data efficiently.
For example keyboard, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, and microphones.

Central Processing Unit:
After receiving data and commands from the user, a computer system has to process the instructions provided using Central Processing Unit (CPU). It has three elements:
(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit: An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major component of the central processing unit of a computer system. It does all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations like add, subtract, multiply, etc.
(b) Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer’s memory, arithmetic, and logic unit, and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.
(c) Memory Unit: A memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. Once the data has been entered using input devices, the system stores the data in the memory unit.

Types of Memory: Primary Memory & Secondary Memory.

• Primary Memory: It has 18 internal memory of the computer also known as main memory. It is of two types RAM and ROM.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM stands for Random Access Memory also known as reading/write memory. Information stored in this memory is

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly label the three main components (Input, CPU, and Memory) and briefly describe the sub-parts of the CPU (ALU, CU, MU) to secure full marks.

Output Unit

An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. Most computer data output that is ‘meant for humans’ is in the form of audio or video. Thus, most output devices used by humans are in these categories. Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers.

Question 3. What is a storage unit? Explain types of primary memory storage.
Answer: When a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in a memory unit i.e. storage unit. The storage unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU. These storage components are essential for the computer to perform any task efficiently. There are two types of memory:
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory

RAM: It stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is known as reading/write memory. It is the main memory of the computer system. The information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off, so it is also called as “Volatile Memory”.

ROM: It stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is permanent memory. The content is not lost when the power supply is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer, so it is also called “Non-Volatile Memory”.
In simple words: A storage unit is where the computer holds data to work on. Primary memory consists of RAM, which is temporary and clears when turned off, and ROM, which is permanent and keeps its data.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between RAM and ROM by highlighting their volatile and non-volatile nature to secure full marks.

Question 4. Explain how Linux is different from Windows.
Answer:
• Linux is an open-source system whereas the Windows operating system is commercial.
• Linux has access to source code and allows users to alter the code as per their needs, whereas Windows does not provide access to its source code. This makes Linux highly customizable and favored by developers worldwide.
• Linux distributions do not collect user data, whereas Windows collects user details which can lead to privacy concerns.
• As Linux software is open to the public, it constantly updates, improves, and expands because many people can work on its improvement.
In simple words: Linux is free and open for anyone to modify, making it highly secure and customizable, whereas Windows is a commercial product owned by Microsoft with restricted access to its inner workings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight key terms like "open-source", "source code", and "commercial" to secure full marks when comparing operating systems.

Question 5. Write down the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN.
Answer: Understanding these differences helps in choosing the right network architecture for different geographical needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Presenting differences in a neat tabular format with clear parameters like full form, coverage area, and setup ease helps you score maximum marks.

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