Maharashtra Board Class 11 Health And Physical Education Chapter 6 Injury Management PDF Download

6. Injury Management

Objectives

To be cognizant about possible injuries.

To understand preventive measures of injuries.

To be aware of the injury management techniques.

To understand need of appropriate sportswear and protective materials.

Injuries are a possibility during sports practice or competitions and the reason for these injuries could be many. There are two forms of injuries, according to nature of injury.

Types Of Injuries

1. Minor injuries

Player can play in this type of injuries.

2. Major injuries

Player cannot continue play with major injuries and continuing play could be dangerous. Such injuries can be avoided with care and taking precautionary measures.

Precautionary Measures To Avoid Injuries

(1) Fitness: To achieve a level of performance the player needs an inherent ability. With fitness the player can exhibit a worthy performance. During practice or competitions if the fitness levels of the player is excellent, then injuries can be avoided.

(2) Warm Up And Cool Down: Appropriate and adequate warm up prepares the complete body for further activities. Muscles, bones and joints reach optimum performance capacity and so, any shock to the muscle and joints is protected by the body's appropriate response thus avoiding injury. Cooling down exercises reduces harmful substances like lactic acid which accumulates in the body during training. Cool down exercises improves blood circulation and provides maximum oxygen to the body. The body recovers quickly and avoids injuries like muscle cramps and muscle pain.

(3) Psychological Preparation: If a player of any game is not psychologically prepared, then the chances to cause injury to self and others during play is greater. Psychological preparation assists the player in quick and appropriate decision making, maintaining proper body and retention proper movements that help avoid injury.

(4) Climatic Conditions: Practice and competition environments need to be as similar as possible. A difference in them, drastically affects performance of the body. Extreme cold, extreme warmth or places having greater air resistance, all adversely affect performance.

(5) Appropriate Sportswear And Protective Material: The sportswear should not be too loose or too tight. Avoid sportswear that is obstructive to playing. Avoid the use of damaged and broken equipment. Certified sports equipment should be used to avoid injuries.

(6) Abide By The Rules: Strictly adhering to the rules of the game by players and spectators during practice and competition can help avoid possibility of injury and help exhibit the game safely.

(7) Fatigue: Extensive competition and practice sessions that lead to fatigue should be avoided. Fatigue may cause injury to joints, muscles and organs in the body. Play or practice should be stopped when experiencing fatigue.

Teacher's Note

When students play in your school ground, tell them to always wear proper shoes and clothes. This helps them stay safe from injuries just like how a helmet protects you while riding a bicycle.

Exam Trick

Remember: Seven precautions = Fitness, Warm up, Psychology, Climate, Sportswear, Rules, and Fatigue. Think of it as FWPCSRF to remember all seven easily!

Points To Remember

Minor injuries allow the player to continue playing, but major injuries do not.

Fitness and warm up are the two most important ways to prevent injuries.

Cool down exercises remove bad substances from your body and reduce pain.

Always wear proper sportswear and follow game rules to stay safe.

Stop playing when you feel tired because fatigue causes injuries.

Basic Awareness About The Cause Of Injury During Practice Or Competition Is Essential For Players To Reduce Injury

Basic awareness about the cause of injury during practice or competition is essential for players to reduce injury.

Types Of Sports Injuries

Generally, three types of injuries occur in sports.

1. Soft tissue (skin) injuries

2. Joint injuries

3. Bone injuries

(1) Soft Tissue (Skin) Injuries

A) Scrape

B) Bruises

C) Cut

D) Sprain

E) Prick

F) Punch

Teacher's Note

Show your students the pictures of skin injuries and explain that these are the common injuries they might see in sports or at home. Just like a scraped knee from falling off a bicycle, these injuries look bad but are usually minor.

Exam Trick

Remember the six soft tissue injuries as SCBCPP: Scrape, Cut, Bruises, Cut again (oops!), Prick, Punch. Write these down and draw small pictures next to each word to remember them better.

Points To Remember

Scrapes happen when skin is rubbed hard against something rough.

Bruises are blue or purple marks under the skin from a hit.

Cuts are when the skin breaks and blood comes out.

Sprains happen when you twist your joints badly.

Pricks and punches are other types of skin injuries from sports.

(2) Joint Injuries

A) Partial dislocation

B) Complete dislocation

(3) Bone Injuries

A) Compound fracture

B) Greenstick fracture

C) Oblique fracture

D) Comminuted fracture

E) Fracture of the metatarsal bone due to stress.

F) Compression fracture

Teacher's Note

Tell your students that when bones break, we call it a fracture. In India, when someone breaks their leg playing cricket or kabaddi, they get an X-ray to see the type of fracture, just like looking at a photograph of the broken bone.

Exam Trick

Remember: Joint injuries are about dislocation (bone moves out of place), while bone injuries are about fracture (bone breaks). Write "Dislocation = Joint" and "Fracture = Bone" on your hand before the exam!

Points To Remember

Joint injuries happen when bones move out of their correct place.

Partial dislocation means the bone is slightly out of place.

Complete dislocation means the bone is completely out of place.

Bone injuries are fractures of different types.

Different fractures happen in different ways - some from breaking, some from twisting, some from being pressed.

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