Maharashtra Board Class 11 Health And Physical Education Chapter 10 Various Sports Competitions PDF Download

Various Sports Competitions

Objectives

To update information about various national and international sports events.

To understand the history of various sports events.

To know the different aspects of each sports events.

To comprehend the planning and organizing aspects of sports at various levels.

Few International Sports Competitions

Olympic Games

Asian Games

Commonwealth Games

SAF Games

Few National Sports Competitions

National sports events

Khelo India

National school sports

1. Olympic Games

The first ancient Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in the year 1896. It is the effort of Frenchman Baron Pierre Coubertin who organized a physical education conference. A central committee of 200 sports teams was set up in France under his chairmanship. He proposed to revive the ancient Greece Olympic Games and in 1894 sent circulars to different nations inviting them for a learning conference in Paris which resulted in the modern Olympics. He is therefore, known as the Father of modern Olympics.

The authority responsible for organising the modern Olympic Games is the International Olympic Committee (IOC). This committee consists of 1 to 3 representatives from every nation. Their headquarters is at Lausanne, Switzerland. The modern Olympics have continued to adhere to the traditions, objectives and elements of the ancient Olympics.

In Latin The motto of Olympic Games is Citius, Altius, Fortius. In English it means Faster, Higher, Stronger. There are five circles in Blue, Black, Yellow, Green and Red colour intermingled with each other on the Olympic Flag. These five circles resemble five continents and their unity.

During the opening ceremony, the Olympic Song is played. Then all the players march on the tunes of the band and salute to the chief guest. Afterwards thousands of doves are set free on the sounds of the bigul. At the same time the Olympic torch enters the stadium and the Olympic torch is lit. As the Olympic song is being played, the Olympic flag is hoisted. An elite player from the host country takes the oath on behalf of all the players. At this time players of different countries mix with each other and display the relationship of world brotherhood to the audience.

Teacher's Note

The Olympic Games are the biggest sports event in the world. Just like India celebrates festivals like Diwali, the whole world celebrates the Olympics together every 4 years.

Exam Trick

Remember: Olympic motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius = Faster, Higher, Stronger. Remember "CityAirForce" - Citius (city/Faster), Altius (air/Higher), Fortius (force/Stronger).

Points to Remember

Baron Pierre Coubertin is the Father of modern Olympics.

The first modern Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in 1896.

The Olympic motto is Faster, Higher, Stronger.

There are five circles on the Olympic flag showing five continents.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) organizes the Olympic Games.

2. Asian Games

The end of World War II saw a revolution amongst nations in the Asian continent. The Olympic values of friendship and not war, started penetrating worldwide. India was also not behind in this new change in the field of sports. Specially, India was ahead in the sports field in the Asian Continent. During this time Gurudatta Sondhi and many other strived hard to start sports festival of Asian Countries on the Olympic platform. The western Asian Games got a break due to the world war but there was no break in the efforts of Gurudatta Sondhi.

With time, along with India many countries became independent. The idea of restoring the Far Eastern Games was raised at the 1948 Summer Olympics. However, Guru Dutt Sondhi, a member of the International Olympic Committee from India, proposed the idea of a whole new competition - Asian Games, as a sporting event where all Asian nations can be represented. It was a successor of the Far Eastern Games and the revival of the Western Asiatic Games.

The proposal of Guru Dutt Sondhi led to the forming of the Asian Games Federation in 1949 that owned the Asian Games. The federation held the first Asian Games from 4 to 11 March, 1951 in Delhi. The games witnessed the participation of 489 athletes from 11 countries and 8 sports disciplines. The Asian games are conducted every 4 years. There is a 2-year gap between the Olympic Games and the Asian Games.

Teacher's Note

Guru Dutt Sondhi from India created the Asian Games to bring all Asian countries together through sports. Just like India has brothers and sisters in Asia, Asian Games are like a family sports event.

Exam Trick

Remember: Asian Games started in 1951 in Delhi. The founder is Guru Dutt Sondhi. Easy way: "Asian Games = India's Guru Dutt = 1951 Delhi".

Points to Remember

Guru Dutt Sondhi proposed the idea of Asian Games.

The first Asian Games were held in Delhi from 4 to 11 March, 1951.

489 athletes from 11 countries participated in the first Asian Games.

Asian Games are held every 4 years.

There is a 2-year gap between the Olympic Games and the Asian Games.

3. Commonwealth Games

After the Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games is another major multisport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. These nations are the political association of member states that were former territories of the British Empire. These games were known as the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games and British Commonwealth Games in the later periods.

To celebrate the coronation of King George V, the Festival of the Empire was held in London in 1911 which included the inter-empire sports championship. India received the honour of hosting the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.

Teacher's Note

Commonwealth Games bring together countries that were once under British rule. India hosted these games in Delhi in 2010, which was a proud moment for our country.

Exam Trick

Remember: Commonwealth Games = British Empire countries. India hosted it in 2010 in Delhi. Think "British Queen = Commonwealth Games".

Points to Remember

Commonwealth Games are for former British Empire countries.

These games were called British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950.

India hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010 in New Delhi.

The games started as the Festival of the Empire in London in 1911.

4. SAF Games

The South Asian Games formerly known as the South Asian Federation Games are a biennial multi-sport event held among the athletes from South Asia. The desire to promote a friendly and amicable relationship amongst the seven SAARC nations, led to the establishment of the South Asian Federation Games in 1981 in Delhi. The South Asia Olympic Council (SAOC) formed in 1983 is the governing body for these games.

The first South Asian Games were hosted by Kathmandu, Nepal in 1984. This multi sport event has been organized every year from 1984 to 1987 except in 1986 as it was a year of Commonwealth Games and Asian Games. From 1987 onwards it was held every 2 years. The participating nations for the South Asian Games include India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Teacher's Note

SAF Games are a sports event for our South Asian neighbors like Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. These games help these countries become friends through sports.

Exam Trick

Remember: SAF Games = South Asian Friends Games. First held in Nepal in 1984. Now held every 2 years. SAARC countries participate.

Points to Remember

SAF Games are held among South Asian countries.

The first South Asian Games were held in Kathmandu, Nepal in 1984.

South Asia Olympic Council (SAOC) governs these games.

SAF Games are held every 2 years now.

Eight countries participate: India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

1. National Games

The first National Games on the lines of the Olympics were held in 1985 in New Delhi in the memory of Indira Gandhiji. The duration and the regulations of the National Games are within the jurisdiction of the Indian Olympic Association. All states and Union territories were allowed to participate in these games. The main objective is to inculcate unity and the spirit of sportsmanship through participation in these games.

Teacher's Note

National Games are India's own Olympic Games held every 4 years. They bring all states of India together to play sports and show India's unity and strength.

Exam Trick

Remember: National Games started in 1985 in Delhi. They were started in memory of Indira Gandhi. Easy: "1985 Delhi = Indira Gandhi National Games".

Points to Remember

The first National Games were held in 1985 in New Delhi.

They were held in memory of Indira Gandhiji.

All states and Union territories can participate.

Indian Olympic Association controls these games.

The main goal is to show unity and sportsmanship.

2. Khelo India

The importance of sports and fitness in one's life is invaluable. Playing sports inculcates team spirit, develops strategic and analytical thinking, leadership skills, goal setting and risk taking. A fit and healthy individual leads to an equally healthy society and strong nation.

The Khelo India programme has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass-root level and achieve sporting excellence. The revamped Khelo India Scheme was launched during the financial year 2017-18 with the twin objective of mass participation and promotion of excellence in sports. The aim was to build a strong framework for all the Indian sports, as well as establishing India as a great sporting nation.

Khelo India is the platform to inspire young talent to showcase their tremendous potential, scout for talent and groom them by providing state of the art infrastructure and training of the highest levels. This initiative took flight in 2018 due to efforts of then Sports Minister Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, Olympian with bronze medal in Shooting.

Khelo India Youth games is held annually.

It is a national level multidisciplinary grassroot games in India.

It is held for two categories, namely under – 17 years school students and under – 21 years college students.

16 sports were included for the Khelo India youth games competition.

Talented players identified in priority sports disciplines would be provided financial assistance of INR 5 lakhs per annum for 8 years.

Promotion of 20 universities across India as hubs for sporting excellence.

Focus on nurturing talent and connecting rural India to global games.

Efforts to encourage an increased penetration of sports in the education curriculum, with a tool kit to measure physical fitness levels.

Teacher's Note

Khelo India is a programme to find and train young sports players from villages and small towns. It gives them money and good training to become great athletes, just like how Gram Panchayat helps villages.

Exam Trick

Remember: Khelo India started in 2017-18 under Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore. Easy way: "Khelo = Play, India = our country, Rathore = Olympian Shooter".

Points to Remember

Khelo India was launched in 2017-18 to find young sports talent.

Khelo India Youth Games are held every year.

Two age groups participate: under 17 years and under 21 years.

16 sports are included in Khelo India.

Good players get 5 lakhs rupees per year for 8 years to study sports.

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