Maharashtra Board Class 11 Geography Chapter 6 Ocean Resources Solutions

Geography Class 11 Chapter 6 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Exercise 1. Complete The Chain.

Question 1.

A	B	C
(1) Continental Shelf	(1) Deeper Part	(1) Manganese Nodules
(2) Oceanic Microorganisms	(2) Abyssal Plains	(2) Whales
(3) Oceanic Trenches	(3) Fishing	(3) Sunda
(4) Vast Flat Area	(4) Plankton	(4) Dogger Bank

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Continental Shelf	(1) Fishing	(1) Dogger Bank
(2) Oceanic Microorganisms	(2) Plankton	(2) Whales
(3) Oceanic Trenches	(3) Deeper Part	(3) Sunda
(4) Vast Flat Area	(4) Abyssal Plains	(4) Manganese Nodules

In simple words: This table matches the correct oceanic features (Column A) with their related characteristics or resources (Column B) and examples or locations (Column C). For instance, Continental Shelf is associated with Fishing and Dogger Bank.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the relationships between different oceanic features and their associated activities/resources is key for matching type questions. Pay attention to specific examples like Dogger Bank or Sunda Trench.

 

Exercise 2. Identify The Correct Correlation.

A: Assertion
R: Reasoning

Question. Assertion: Continental shelf is a storehouse of mineral oil and natural gas. Reasoning: Continental shelf receives large quantities of load from continental areas.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Both the assertion that continental shelves are rich in mineral oil and natural gas and the reason that they receive large sediment loads are true statements. However, the sediment load is not the direct reason for the presence of mineral oil and gas; rather, it contributes to the formation environment over geological time.

🎯 Exam Tip: For assertion-reason questions, first determine if each statement is true individually. Then, evaluate if the reason directly explains the assertion. Look for a causal link between R and A.

 

Question 2. Assertion: More deposition occurs in the continental slope. Reasoning: The slope is steeper here.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (b) Only R is correct.
In simple words: The continental slope is indeed steeper, but due to this steepness, deposition is actually limited as sediments tend to slide down rather than accumulate. Thus, the assertion that more deposition occurs here is incorrect, while the reasoning about the steep slope is correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the characteristics of each ocean floor feature. Continental slopes are known for their steepness, which generally inhibits large-scale sediment deposition, often leading to erosion or sediment transport to deeper areas.

 

Question 3. Assertion: The islands are actually peaks of submerged mountains. Reasoning: Some peaks of submerged mountains come above the sea level.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Islands are indeed the visible peaks of mountains that rise from the ocean floor, and the reason that some of these submerged peaks extend above sea level directly explains how islands are formed.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your knowledge of the geological formation of islands. Many islands are volcanic in origin or part of larger submarine mountain ranges that have emerged above sea level.

 

Question 4. Assertion: The abyssal plains are the deepest parts of the ocean. Reasoning: They lie at the bottom of the ocean.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (b) Only R is correct.
In simple words: While abyssal plains are vast flat areas at the ocean bottom, they are not the deepest parts; ocean trenches hold that distinction. The reason, however, that they lie at the bottom of the ocean, is correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between abyssal plains and ocean trenches. Abyssal plains are extensive flat areas, while trenches are much deeper, narrow depressions. Both are at the bottom, but trenches are the absolute deepest.

 

Question 5. Assertion: Sodium chloride and potassium are parts of inorganic oceanic resources. Reasoning: Salt extraction is a major activity in coastal areas.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Both statements are true: sodium chloride and potassium are inorganic ocean resources, and salt extraction is common in coastal areas. However, the activity of salt extraction (R) does not explain why these are inorganic resources (A).

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that while both statements might be factually correct, the reasoning (R) must provide a direct explanation or cause for the assertion (A) for option (c) to be correct. Here, R describes an application, not the nature of the resource.

 

Exercise 3. Give Geographical Reasons.

Question 1. Fishing has developed in continental shelves.
Answer: Fishing has developed in continental shelves because-
1. The portion of the continents that is submerged under water and borders the coastal areas is known as a continental shelf.
2. They are broad, shallow and gently-sloping plains covered by water.
3. As the sunlight reaches this part of the ocean bed, plankton grows.
4. These millions of microscopic organisms found in sea water are an important and favourite food for fish.
5. Also, the sediments washed from the continental areas add to the food for fish. Thus, millions of fish thrive in this region.
In simple words: Continental shelves are shallow, sunlit areas where plankton and marine life flourish due to sunlight penetration and nutrient-rich sediments from land, creating ideal conditions for abundant fish populations, hence attracting fishing activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the factors that support marine life: sunlight for photosynthesis (plankton growth), nutrient availability (sediments), and shallow depths. These are the primary reasons for rich fishing grounds on continental shelves.

 

Question 2. Our knowledge regarding the oceanic trenches is limited.
Answer: Our knowledge regarding the oceanic trenches is limited because-
1. At places, deep, narrow and steeply sloping depressions are found on the ocean floor. These are called ocean deeps or ocean trenches.
2. Generally, the shallow ones are called deeps whereas deeper ones are called ocean trenches. The oceanic trenches are the deepest parts of the oceans.
3. These trenches can be thousands of meters deep. For example, The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean is around 11 km deep while the Java Trench in the Indian Ocean is around 7.7 km deep.
4. They generally occur along plate boundaries and are associated with active volcanoes and strong earthquakes.
5. The knowledge of ocean trenches is limited because of their depth and their remoteness.
In simple words: Oceanic trenches are extremely deep, narrow, and remote parts of the ocean floor, often located at tectonic plate boundaries. Their immense depth and inaccessible nature make exploration and study very challenging, thus limiting our knowledge about them.

🎯 Exam Tip: The extreme conditions of ocean trenches, such as immense pressure, absolute darkness, and freezing temperatures, along with their geographical remoteness, are critical points to emphasize when discussing the challenges of exploration.

 

Question 3. The ocean is a storehouse of minerals.
Answer: The ocean is a storehouse of minerals because-
1. The continental shelves contain the world's largest reservoirs of natural oil and gas.
2. The other deposits like diamonds, chromite, ilmenite, magnetite, platinum, gold and phosphorite are also found.
3. Sand, gravel aggregates and industrial silica sand are the most important of hard minerals now extracted in the near offshore zone.
4. The abyssal plains are often littered with nodules of manganese containing varying amounts of iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper.
5. The most common resources obtained from oceans are sodium chloride, i.e., common salt.
6. A large number of metallic and non-metallic minerals are found on the ocean floor, e.g., potassium occurs in large quantities.
7. Gypsum forms during evaporation of sea water. The gypsum deposits are mined and converted into Plaster of Paris and used for construction.
8. The most important minerals extracted from the sea floor are petroleum and natural gas.
In simple words: Oceans contain vast mineral resources, from fossil fuels like oil and natural gas on continental shelves, to heavy minerals like diamonds and chromite, and polymetallic nodules (manganese, nickel, cobalt) on abyssal plains. Additionally, dissolved salts like sodium chloride and potassium, and evaporites like gypsum, are abundant.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why oceans are mineral storehouses, categorize the resources (e.g., fossil fuels, heavy metals, dissolved minerals, polymetallic nodules) and mention their typical locations (continental shelves, abyssal plains, seawater) to provide a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 4. Like the land, there are landforms below the ocean too.
Answer: Like the land, there are landforms below the ocean too because-
1. Continental shelf is mere continuation of coastal plain, sloping gently, they resemble gently sloping low-lying areas.
2. As there are plains formed on the surface, similar feature in form of extensive flat land is found on the ocean floor, they are called abyssal plains.
3. Mountains and ranges are found on the earth's surface, as seamounts and ridges are found as part of ocean floor. For example, Mid-Indian Ridge.
4. Some oceanic ridges have flat and extensive tops, they are called oceanic plateaus. For example, Chagos Plateau in the Indian Ocean.
5. V shaped valleys on the surface of the earth are similar to the deep, narrow and steep sloping depressions, they are called deeps or sea trenches. For example, Kuril Trench in Pacific Ocean in Japan.
6. Many canyons and gorges are also found on the earth's surface and in the oceans too.
In simple words: The ocean floor mirrors terrestrial landscapes with diverse landforms. It features plains (abyssal plains) similar to land plains, submerged mountains and ridges (like seamounts and oceanic ridges) akin to land mountains, and deep valleys or trenches resembling continental canyons and gorges.

🎯 Exam Tip: To effectively answer this, draw clear parallels between landforms and their submarine equivalents. Use specific examples like the Mid-Indian Ridge for mountains and abyssal plains for plains, as this demonstrates a strong understanding.

 

Exercise 4. Write Short Notes On.

Question 1. EEZ
Answer:
1. Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than 370 km out from its coastal baseline.
2. The exception to this rule occurs when exclusive economic zones would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 740 km apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual maritime boundary.
3. The exclusive economic zone stretches much further into sea than the territorial water, which ends at 22 km from the coastal baseline if following the rules set out in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea). Thus, the exclusive economic zones include the contiguous zone.
4. States also have rights to the seabed of what is called the continental shelf up to 650 km from the coastal baseline, beyond the exclusive economic zones, but such areas are not part of their exclusive economic zones.
5. The legal definition of the continental shelf does not directly correspond to the geological meaning of the term, as it also includes the continental rise and slope, and the entire seabed within the exclusive economic zone.
6. The idea of allotting nations with EEZs is to give them more control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits, gained acceptance in the late 20th Century.
In simple words: An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a sea zone extending up to 370 km from a country's coast, granting it special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water, currents, and winds. It differs from territorial waters and continental shelf definitions, primarily focusing on resource management.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key distance (370 km), the purpose (resource control), and its distinction from territorial waters. Also, note the importance of UNCLOS in defining these maritime boundaries and resolving overlaps.

 

Question 2. Oceanic tourism
Answer:
1. Ocean tourism is developed along the coastal areas of seas and oceans.
2. Ocean tourism comes in many forms like cruises, scuba-diving, fishing, beach tourism, etc. Such activities are increasingly becoming popular.
3. Generally, water sports activities such as scuba diving, surfing, water skiing, etc., are developed along the coastline. For example, sport activities along the coast of Goa.
4. There is beautiful scenery along the coastline due greenery of trees along the coast, huge waterbody of sea or ocean, clean air and coolness due to nearness to water, therefore many resorts, hotels, marina, etc., are developed and coastal areas have become popular for tourism.
For example, tourism along Konkan coastline. The cruise tourism is also increasing.
In simple words: Oceanic tourism encompasses various recreational activities along coastlines and in oceans, such as cruises, scuba-diving, fishing, and beach activities. Its popularity stems from the natural beauty, clean air, and water-based sports offered in coastal regions, leading to the development of resorts and marinas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about oceanic tourism, include diverse examples of activities (cruises, watersports) and highlight the natural attractions that draw tourists (scenery, clean environment). Mentioning specific regional examples like Goa or Konkan coastline adds value.

 

Question 3. Abundance of minerals in oceans
Answer:
1. The continental shelves contain the world's largest reservoirs of natural oil and gas.
2. The other deposits like diamonds, chromite, ilmenite, magnetite, platinum, gold and phosphorite are also found.
3. Sand, gravel aggregates and industrial silica sand are the most important of hard minerals now extracted in the near offshore zone.
4. The abyssal plains are often littered with nodules of manganese containing varying amounts of iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper.
5. The most common resources obtained from oceans are sodium chloride i.e. common salt.
6. A large number of metallic and non-metallic minerals are found on the ocean floor, e.g., potassium occurs in large quantities.
7. Gypsum forms during evaporation of sea water. The gypsum deposits are mined and converted into Plaster of Paris and used for construction.
8. The most important minerals extracted from the sea floor are mineral oil and natural gas.
In simple words: Oceans are rich in minerals, containing vast reserves of petroleum and natural gas on continental shelves, valuable heavy minerals like diamonds and chromite, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains. Additionally, dissolved salts like sodium chloride and potassium, along with evaporite minerals such as gypsum, are extracted from seawater.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by listing different types of minerals and where they are typically found in the ocean (e.g., oil/gas on shelves, polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains, salts from seawater). Providing examples of key minerals is crucial.

 

Question 4. Deposition and Continental Slope
Answer:
1. After the extent of continental shelf is over, there is a sharp drop in the ocean floor.
2. The gradient of slope in this region can be between 2° to 5°. This is called continental slope.
3. The depth of this slope extends from 200 m up to 4000 m from sea level.
4. Due to its steepness, the continental slope stretches over a limited area.
5. The deposition of sediments is also limited in this part.
6. The continental slopes are generally considered as boundaries of continents. Methane hydrate, a compound of water and methane, is present on the continental slopes.
7. On the slope, we find many traces of submarine landslide activity, ocean canyons and huge avalanche fans. For example, Congo Canyon is a submarine canyon found near Africa.
In simple words: The continental slope is a steep incline connecting the continental shelf to the abyssal plain, with gradients typically between 2° and 5° and depths up to 4000m. Due to its steepness, sediment deposition is limited, often leading to submarine landslides and the formation of ocean canyons, rather than accumulation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the characteristic gradient (steepness) and its direct impact on deposition. Emphasize that deposition is *limited* due to gravity, and mention associated features like submarine canyons and methane hydrates.

 

Exercise 5. Answer In Detail.

Question 1. The marine pollution is ultimately going to be harmful to the man himself. Discuss.
Answer:
1. Though the human activities are a major cause behind climate change, there are some natural causes for climate change. They are as follows:
2. Importance of the ocean is increasing day by day in various ways, human dependence on oceans is likely to increase manifold in the days to come.
3. Nowadays, the oceanic waters are getting polluted on a large scale.
4. This causes deterioration of the natural quality of ocean water.
5. The leakages of oil from oil transporting ships, oil extraction from coastal areas, disposal of solid waste containing radioactive matter, atomic tests etc., are causing large scale pollution of oceanic waters.
6. The effluents brought by river discharges, the disposal of waste from coastal cities, the waste from industries and many other similar factors are polluting the oceanic waters.
7. As a result, the very existence of marine life is threatened.
In simple words: Marine pollution, primarily caused by human activities like oil spills, industrial and urban waste discharge, and radioactive dumping, severely degrades ocean water quality and threatens marine life. Since humans depend heavily on healthy oceans for food and climate regulation, this pollution ultimately harms human health and well-being through contaminated seafood and disrupted ecosystems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing marine pollution, list diverse sources (oil, sewage, industrial waste, radioactive material) and then clearly link the impacts to both marine ecosystems (threat to life) and human consequences (food chain contamination, economic losses, health impacts). Emphasize the long-term, cyclical nature of the harm.

 

Question 2. There is similarity in the relief on the land surface and the ocean bottom.
Answer: Ocean tourism is developed along the coastal areas of seas and oceans-
Ocean tourism comes in many forms like cruises, scuba-diving, fishing, beach tourism, etc. Such activities are increasingly becoming popular.
Generally, water sports activities such as scuba diving, surfing, water skiing, etc., are developed along the coastline. For example, sport activities along the coast of Goa.
There is beautiful scenery along the coastline due greenery of trees along the coast, huge waterbody of sea or ocean, clean air and coolness due to nearness to water, therefore many resorts, hotels, marina, etc., are developed and coastal areas have become popular for tourism. For example, tourism along Konkan coastline. The cruise tourism is also increasing.
In simple words: The answer provided seems to be for "Oceanic tourism" not "Similarity in relief". The expected answer should detail how underwater landforms like abyssal plains, oceanic ridges, seamounts, and trenches correspond to plains, mountains, hills, and valleys found on continents, showing a diverse topography beneath the waves similar to that on land.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about the similarity in relief, clearly articulate the equivalent landforms. For example, plains on land are like abyssal plains underwater, mountains are like oceanic ridges and seamounts, and deep valleys are like trenches or canyons. Providing specific examples (e.g., Mid-Oceanic Ridge) strengthens the answer.

 

Question 3. Discuss how development of oceanic tourism should be carried out without disturbing marine life.
Answer: It is difficult to clean up mass pollution once it has occurred, so the best plan is prevention. Several changes can take place to help keep industry in check and encourage sustainable practices such as:
1. Stricter government regulations on industry and manufacturing is one large scale solution. There are several laws to help protect beaches, reduce pollution from ships, reduce marine debris, and prohibit ocean dumping.
2. Implement renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, to limit off-shore drilling.
3. Limit agricultural pesticides and encourage organic farming and eco-friendly pesticide use.
4. Proper sewage treatment and exploration of eco-friendly wastewater treatment options, such as recycling sewage sludge to carbon-phosphorous fertilizer, are other solutions.
5. Cut down on industry and manufacturing waste and contain landfills so they do not spill into the ocean.
In simple words: Sustainable oceanic tourism requires strict regulations on pollution, promoting renewable energy to reduce offshore drilling, limiting harmful agricultural runoff, and implementing advanced wastewater treatment. It emphasizes preventing pollution and managing waste to protect marine ecosystems, ensuring tourism benefits without harming the delicate underwater environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on preventative and sustainable measures rather than reactive clean-up. Key points include legislation, eco-friendly energy, responsible waste management (industrial, agricultural, sewage), and reducing marine debris. This approach highlights a comprehensive strategy for environmental protection.

 

Exercise 6. Show The Following On The Map Of The World

Question 1.
1. Chagos Range
2. Mariana Trench
3. Dogger Bank
4. Mumbai High
5. Sunda Deep
6. Grand Banks
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र विश्व का एक भौतिक मानचित्र दिखाता है, जिसमें विभिन्न महासागरीय भू-आकृतियों और महत्वपूर्ण भौगोलिक स्थानों को दर्शाया गया है। मानचित्र पर चागोस रेंज (1), मारियाना ट्रेंच (2), डॉगर बैंक (3), मुंबई हाई (4), सुंडा डीप (5), और ग्रैंड बैंक (6) जैसी संरचनाओं को उनकी संबंधित संख्यात्मक लेबल के साथ चिह्नित किया गया है। यह छात्रों को इन समुद्री विशेषताओं के वैश्विक वितरण को समझने में मदद करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: For map-based questions, accuracy in locating geographical features is paramount. Practice identifying major oceanic features like trenches, banks, and ridges on a world map to ensure correct placement during exams.

 

11th Geography Digest Chapter 6 Ocean Resources Intext Questions And Answers

Use Your Brain Power!

Collect information of the following and discuss in the class:
1. Major journeys carried out by explorers in the last millennium
2. Discovery of continents, countries and islands
3. Spread of culture, trade and religions
Comment on how oceans have played a major role in all the three points mentioned above.
Answer: [Students will find out the journeys and expeditions and comment on it in their own words.]
In simple words: Oceans were crucial for ancient explorers' journeys, leading to the discovery of new lands, continents, and islands. These maritime routes facilitated the spread of cultures, trade goods, and religions across the globe, fundamentally shaping human history and civilization.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering this, emphasize the role of oceans as highways for exploration and connectivity. Highlight how ocean travel enabled cultural exchange, economic development through trade, and the diffusion of religious ideas, leading to global interconnectedness.

 

Try This.

1. Look at figure 6.1 and answer the following question.

Question 1. What does the figure show?
Answer: The figure shows various landforms of the ocean floor.
In simple words: The figure illustrates the diverse topographical features found beneath the ocean's surface, similar to landforms on continents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always observe diagrams carefully. A clear and concise description of the diagram's content is the primary requirement for such questions.

 

Question 2. In which part of the figure is the ocean shallow? Which human activities can be carried out here?
Answer: The ocean is shallow at the continental shelf area. Fishing is carried out here as a major human activity.
In simple words: The continental shelf is the shallowest part of the ocean, ideal for human activities like fishing due to abundant marine life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the physical characteristics of an ocean floor region (shallow depth) to the human activities it supports (fishing, resource extraction). The continental shelf is always a prime area for such activities.

 

Question 3. In which part does deposition of sediments occur?
Answer: Deposition of sediments occur on the continental shelf area as well as on the abyssal plains.
In simple words: Sediments primarily deposit on the gentle slopes of the continental shelf and across the vast, flat abyssal plains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that deposition is favored in areas of low energy and flat topography. Both continental shelves (from land runoff) and abyssal plains (from pelagic sedimentation and turbidity currents) are key zones for sediment accumulation.

 

Question 4. Where in the figure do you find islands formed due to submerged mountains?
Answer: Islands formed due to submerged mountains are found in the oceanic ridges and plateau region.
In simple words: Islands formed from submerged mountains are typically found along oceanic ridges or in plateau regions, where the peaks rise above sea level.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the geological processes. Islands are often emergent parts of larger underwater mountain ranges (ridges) or volcanic activity, making oceanic ridges and plateaus relevant locations.

 

Question 5. Label the figure with correct names of landforms.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र समुद्र तल का एक ऊर्ध्वाधर क्रॉस-सेक्शन दिखाता है, जो विभिन्न समुद्री भू-आकृतियों को दर्शाता है। इसमें महाद्वीपीय तट (1), महाद्वीपीय शेल्फ (2), महाद्वीपीय ढलान (3), द्वीप (4), मध्य-महासागरीय रिज (5), अगाध मैदान (6), और महासागरीय खाइयाँ (7) शामिल हैं, जो समुद्र तल के विभिन्न गहराई स्तरों को भी इंगित करते हैं। यह समुद्र के नीचे की स्थलाकृति की एक व्यापक तस्वीर प्रस्तुत करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: For labeling diagrams, accurately identify each feature based on its shape, depth, and relative position. Practice with labeled diagrams to memorize the common terminology for ocean floor landforms.

 

Question 6. Compare these features with the landforms on the earth.
Answer: On the earth, different types of mountains and ranges are found, as they are found on the sea floor in the form of sea mounts and ridges, islands. Similarly, on the earth's surface plains are formed as abyssal plains, which are found on the sea floor. Valleys and canyons on the earth's surface represent oceanic deeps and trenches as a part of ocean floor.
In simple words: The ocean floor has relief features mirroring those on land: mountains and ranges on land correspond to seamounts and oceanic ridges underwater, plains to abyssal plains, and valleys and canyons to oceanic deeps and trenches.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing, create clear equivalences between terrestrial and submarine features (e.g., land mountains = seamounts/ridges, land plains = abyssal plains, land valleys = oceanic trenches/canyons). This demonstrates understanding of parallel geological formations.

 

2. Various institutes are presently working for exploration of ocean, its climate, resources and its impact on our lives. Prepare a list of such institutes which are in India. With the help of internet, complete the table below.

Sr. No	Name of the Institute	Location	Objectives
(1)	NIO	Goa	Undertake scientific research on oceans surrounding India.
(2)	COMAPS	Chennai	Collection and analysis of 25 parameters relating to physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water and sediments.
(3)	OOIS	Hyderabad	Development of a wide range of ocean-atmospheric and coastal models. Generation of algorithms for retrieval of satellite parameters. Augmentation of ocean observations including in-situ and satellite measurements. Operationalisation of ocean advisory services.
(4)	INCOIS	Hyderabad	Makes use of parameters such as sea surface temperature and chlorophyll content. Knowing the state of ocean in advance for carrying out various commercial activities.
(5)	IARP	Goa	Antarctic research

In simple words: India has several institutes dedicated to oceanographic research, climate modeling, and resource exploration. These include NIO (Goa) for general ocean research, COMAPS (Chennai) for water quality analysis, OOIS (Hyderabad) for ocean-atmospheric models and satellite data, INCOIS (Hyderabad) for ocean forecasting, and IARP (Goa) for Antarctic research.

🎯 Exam Tip: For tabular information, ensure all columns (Sr. No, Name, Location, Objectives) are correctly mapped. When memorizing, focus on the institute's abbreviation, its primary location, and its main scientific or practical goals.

 

3. Do you know that India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the exclusive economic zone. Identify some other resources which are international in nature.

Answer: India can mine Cobalt and Nickel from the Indian Ocean from the area which lies beyond the EEZ.
In simple words: Beyond national Exclusive Economic Zones, resources like manganese nodules, cobalt, and nickel in the deep seabed are considered international. India has specific rights to explore and mine manganese nodules, and potentially other minerals like cobalt and nickel, from designated areas in the Indian Ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the concept of "international waters" and the resources found there. Manganese nodules are a key example, along with other polymetallic sulfides containing metals like cobalt and nickel, which are managed under international agreements.

 

Find Out!

Question 1. Find out the name and locations of islands located in India and list them in the above given categories.
Answer:
1. Continental Islands: Minicoy, Seven Islands of Bombay (Bombay is the present-day Mumbai.), Sundarbans, Amindivi, etc.
2. Volcanic Island: Barren island part of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3. Coral Island: Andaman and Nicobar, Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Lakshadweep, Tarkarli in Malvan, etc.
In simple words: Indian islands are categorized by their formation: Continental Islands (like Minicoy, Sundarbans) are extensions of landmass, Volcanic Islands (like Barren Island in Andaman and Nicobar) are formed by volcanic activity, and Coral Islands (like Lakshadweep, parts of Andaman and Nicobar) are built by coral polyps.

🎯 Exam Tip: For island classification questions, clearly distinguish between continental, volcanic, and coral islands. Provide specific examples for each category from India to demonstrate knowledge of geographical locations and their formation types.

 

Question 2. India also produces water from desalination plants. Find out their locations with the help of the internet.
Answer: The Minjur Desalination Plant is the largest in India, located at Kattupalli village, a northern suburb of Chennai on the coast of the Bay of Bengal that supplies water to the city of Chennai.
In simple words: India utilizes desalination plants to convert seawater into potable water, with the largest being the Minjur Desalination Plant in Kattupalli village, near Chennai, which serves Chennai city.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about specific infrastructure projects, identify the name of the plant, its location (city/state), and its primary function or beneficiary (e.g., supplying water to a major city). This shows concrete knowledge.

 

11th Std Geography Questions And Answers:

• Earth Movements Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Weathering and Mass Wasting Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Agents of Erosion Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Climatic Regions Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Global Climate Change Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Ocean Resources Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Indian Ocean - Relief and Strategic Importance Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Biomes Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers
• Disaster Management Class 11 Geography Questions And Answers

Class 11

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