Maharashtra Board Class 11 Food Science and Technology Chapter 9 Fruits and Vegetables PDF Download

Fruits And Vegetables

Fruits

Fruits and vegetables are living entities containing more amount of water, having perishable nature. Fruits are the ripened ovary or ovaries of a plant, together with adjacent tissues. Fruits are important for their attractive colour, pleasing aroma, sweet taste, crispy and crunchy texture and the nutrients that they contribute to the diet.

9.1 A Classifications And Composition

Classification Of Fruits

Fruits can be classified on the basis of shape, cell structure, type of seed, or natural habitat etc. They may be grouped into soft fruits, segmented fruits, stone fruits, hard fruits, tropical, subtropical, temperate fruits, etc.

Composition Of Fruits

Fruits are a complex food commodity, composed of number of nutrients such as water, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, minerals and pigments, etc. Nutritive value of some fruits is given in table- 9.2

Water Fruits tend to be juicy because of their high water content which varies from 75 to 90 percent.

Carbohydrate Fruits contain good amount of carbohydrates including sugar, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances. Sugar namely fructose, glucose and sucrose give sweetness to the fruit. Cellulose contributes to the textural qualities of the fruits. The sugar and starch content of fruits differ with the type of fruit.

Protein And Fat All the fruits have small amount of protein and traces of fat, which are negligible.

Teacher's Note

Fruits give us vitamins and minerals. For example, oranges have vitamin C which keeps us healthy.

Exam Trick

Remember: Berries are soft fruits like strawberries. Stone fruits have big seeds like mango. Easy to remember!

Points to Remember

Fruits have water, sugar, and vitamins in them.
Berries and soft fruits are very juicy.
Citrus fruits like orange have vitamin C.
Stone fruits have a big seed inside.
Fruits help our body stay healthy.

Teacher's Note

Different fruits have different nutrients. Mango has vitamin A, and guava has vitamin C. Both are good for us.

Exam Trick

Remember: Yellow and orange fruits = Vitamin A. Green leafy vegetables = More vitamin A. Citrus fruits like orange = Vitamin C.

Points to Remember

Water in fruits keeps our body cool.
Carbohydrates in fruits give us energy.
Vitamins in fruits keep us healthy.
Minerals in fruits make our bones strong.
The study of fruits is called Pomology.

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